长江干流丰水期河水硫酸盐同位素组成特征及其来源解析          下载免费PDF全文

李小倩  刘运德  周爱国  张彬 《地球科学》2014,39(11):1547-1554,1592

碳酸盐岩的硫酸风化机制及其与碳循环的关系是全球碳循环研究中最为关注的科学问题之一, 其关键问题是识别硫酸盐来源.通过分析长江干流丰水期SO₄2-浓度及其硫、氧同位素组成特征, 探讨长江硫酸盐的来源及其主要控制因素.长江河水SO₄2-含量呈现逐年增加的趋势, 并且年增幅度逐渐加大.δ34S_SO4和δ18O_SO4变化范围为-3.5‰~5.6‰和3.7‰~9.2‰, 二者呈现显著的线性负相关关系.δ18O_SO4值从上游到下游的增加趋势受长江水δ18O_H2O值的空间组成特征的影响.研究表明, 大气降水(酸雨)和硫化物氧化是控制长江干流丰水期河水硫、氧同位素组成及其来源的主要机制, 为研究长江流域化学风化侵蚀作用和碳循环过程提供重要的理论依据.   相似文献   

Sulfur Isotope Composition of Evaporites in Different Strata in the Tarim Basin     

TAO Xiaowan  LI Ming  LUO Ping  HE Jinyou  TIAN Han 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(Z1):251-252

正Evaporite series is both an important target area looking for high-quality large potash deposits,but also one of the main types of hydrocarbon cap.Outcrops and drilling results indicate that five sets of evaporites were developed  相似文献   

Greigite (Fe3S4) as an indicator of drought – The 1912–1994 sediment magnetic record from White Rock Lake, Dallas, Texas, USA     

Richard L. Reynolds  Joseph G. Rosenbaum  Peter van Metre  Michele Tuttle  Edward Callender  Alan Goldin 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1999,21(2):193-206

Combined magnetic and geochemical studies were conducted on sediments from White Rock Lake, a reservoir in suburban Dallas (USA), to investigate how land use has affected sediment and water quality since the reservoir was filled in 1912. The chronology of a 167-cm-long core is constrained by the recognition of the pre-reservoir surface and by 137Cs results. In the reservoir sediments, magnetic susceptibility (MS) and isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) are largely carried by detrital titanomagnetite that originally formed in igneous rocks. Titanomagnetite and associated hematite are the dominant iron oxides in a sample from the surficial deposit in the watershed but are absent in the underlying Austin Chalk. Therefore, these minerals were transported by wind into the watershed. After about 1960, systematic decreases in Ti, Fe, and Al suggest diminished input of detrital Fe-Ti oxides from the surficial deposits. MS and IRM remain constant over this interval, however, implying compensation by an increase in strongly magnetic material derived from human activity. Anthropogenic magnetite in rust and ferrite spherules (from fly ash?) are more common in sediment deposited after about 1970 than before and may account for the constant magnetization despite the implied decrease in detrital Fe-Ti oxides. An unexpected finding is the presence of authigenic greigite (Fe3S4), the abundance of which is at least partly controlled by climate. Greigite is common in sediments that predate about 1975, with zones of concentration indicated by relatively high IRM/MS. High greigite contents in sediment deposited during the early to mid-1950s and during the mid-1930s correspond to several-year periods of below-average precipitation and drought from historical records. Relatively long water-residence times in the reservoir during these periods may have led to elevated levels of sulfate available for bacterial sulfate reduction. The sulfate was probably derived via the oxidation of pyrite that is common in the underlying Austin Chalk. These results provide a basis for the paleoenvironmental interpretation of greigite occurrence in older lake sediments. The results also indicate that greigite formed rapidly and imply that it can be preserved in the amounts produced over a short time span (in this lake, only a few years). This finding thus suggests that, in some lacustrine settings, greigite is capable of recording paleomagnetic secular variation.  相似文献   

Stable Sulfur Isotopic Evidence for Historical Changes of Sulfur Cycling in Estuarine Sediments from Northern Florida     

Volker Brüchert  Lisa M. Pratt 《Aquatic Geochemistry》1999,5(3):249-268

Data on abundance and isotopic composition of porewater and sedimentary sulfur species are reported for relatively uncontaminated and highly contaminated fine-grained anoxic sediments of St. Andrew Bay, Florida. A strong contrast in amount and composition of sedimentary organic matter at the two sites allows a comparative study of the historical effects of increased organic loading on sulfur cycling and sulfur isotopic fractionation. In the contaminated sediments, an increase in organic loading caused increased sedimentary carbon/sulfur ratios and resulted in higher rates of bacterial sulfate reduction, but a lower efficiency of sulfide oxidation. These differences are well reflected in the isotopic composition of dissolved sulfate, sulfide, and sedimentary pyrite. Concentration and isotopic profiles of dissolved sulfate, organic carbon, and total sulfur suggest that the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter is most active in the upper 8cm but proceeds at very slow rates below this depth. The rapid formation of more than 90% of pyrite in the uppermost 2 cm which corresponds to about 3 years of sediment deposition allows the use of pyrite isotopic composition for tracing changing diagenetic conditions. Sediment profiles of the sulfur isotopic composition of pyrite reflect present-day higher rates of bacterial sulfate reduction and lower rates of sulfide oxidation, and record a profound change in the diagenetic cycling of sulfur in the contaminated sediments coincident with urban and industrial development of the St. Andrew Bay area.  相似文献   

Wave sloshing in corrugated bottom tanks with two-dimensional flow     

Abdi Kükner  Mehmet A. Baykal 《Ocean Engineering》1999,26(8):93

The boundary integral element method based on Green's formula is applied to the analysis of transient flow problem in corrugated bottom tanks. The problem is formulated as a two-dimensional linear, initial boundary value problem in terms of a velocity potential. The Laplace equation and the boundary conditions, except the dynamic boundary condition on the free surface, are transformed into an integral equation by the application of Green's formula. Finite Difference discretization is applied timewise. Initially a triangular wave on the free surface is assumed to be formed. The height of the triangular corrugated bottom is varied between 1/10 and 1/5 of the tank depth. The form of the free surface and the equipotential lines for the flow in the tank are presented at different time steps. An accuracy analysis is performed and distortion in time is considered. Proper coefficients for solutions are derived and presented. The results show that utilization of triangular corrugated bottoms may help to regulate the flow in tanks.  相似文献   

Temporal trends of bulk precipitation and stream water chemistry (1977–1997) in a small forested area,Krusné hory,northern Bohemia,Czech Republic     

N. E. Peters  Jiri Cerny  Miroslav Havel  Radovan Krejci 《水文研究》1999,13(17):2721-2741

The Krusné hory (Erzgebirge or Ore Mountains) has been heavily affected by high atmospheric pollutant deposition caused by fossil fuel combustion in an adjacent Tertiary coal basin. Long‐term routine sampling of bulk precipitation (1977–1996) and stream water (1977–1998) in a forested area on the south‐eastern slope of the mountains were used to evaluate trends and patterns in solute concentration and flux with respect to controlling processes. From 1977 to 1996, the annual volume‐weighted Ca²⁺ and SOconcentrations decreased in bulk precipitation. However, after 1989, when a pronounced and continuous decrease occurred in coal production, annual volume‐weighted concentrations decreased for most solutes, except H⁺. The concentration decreases were marked, with 1996 levels at or below 50% of those in 1989. The lack of a trend in H⁺ is attributed to similar decreases in both acid anions and neutralizing base cations. Stream water concentrations of most solutes, i.e. H⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, SONOwere highest at the onset of sampling in 1977, decreased markedly from 1977 to 1983 and decreased more gradually from 1983 to 1998. The spruce forest die‐back and removal reduced dry deposition of these solutes by reducing the filtering action, which was provided by the forest canopy. A notable decrease in stream water Ca²⁺ concentrations occurred after 1995 and may be due to the depletion of Ca²⁺, which was provided by catchment liming in 1986, 1988 and 1989. Solute flux trends in bulk atmospheric deposition and stream water generally were not significant and the lack of trend is attributed to the large interannual variability in precipitation quantity and runoff, respectively. All solutes except Na⁺ varied seasonally. The average seasonal concentrations varied between the solutes, but for most solutes were highest in winter and spring and lowest in summer, correlating with the seasonal trend in runoff. For Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and SOthe concentration minimum occurs in September and the maximum occurs in February or March, correlating with the seasonal baseflow. These solutes are primarily controlled by the contribution of soil water and groundwater to stream flow. During snowmelt, the meltwater generally causes concentrations to decrease as soil water and groundwater are diluted. For NO₃ , average minimum concentrations occur in August at the end of the growing season concurrent with the lowest stream flow, and the maximum occurs in February and March with high stream flow during snowmelt. Seasonal stream water NOconcentration variations are large compared with the long‐term decrease. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

元素分析仪-气体同位素质谱法分析硫酸钙样品的硫同位素组成   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

高建飞  徐衍明  范昌福  胡斌  李延河 《岩矿测试》2020,39(1):53-58

硫酸盐硫同位素的常规分析方法是将硫酸盐转化为硫酸钡后搭配双路进样SO2法,该法易于操作、数据稳定,但样品用量大、费时费力,需要繁杂的前处理,无法满足微量分析发展方向的需求。本文以石膏为例,以元素分析仪-气体同位素质谱法(EA-IRMS)直接测定硫酸钙样品硫同位素比值,对同一样品分别采用:①硫酸钙与V2O5混合后包裹于锡杯中密封,直接进行元素分析仪-气体同位素质谱分析;②硫酸钙充分溶于去离子水中,向溶有硫酸钙样品的液体中加入沉淀试剂BaCl2,将生成的硫酸钡沉淀滤出后,用去离子水清洗2~3遍,烘干后与V2O5混合包裹于锡杯中密封再进行质谱测定。实验选取了13件δ34S值变化范围介于-20‰^+30‰之间的天然石膏样品,将获得的硫同位素比值进行对比,二者δ34SV-CDT绝对差值在0.00‰~0.24‰,表明同一样品的硫同位素比值结果在误差范围内基本一致。与常规分析方法相比,本文建立的直接在线分析时无需任何化学前处理,只需直接加入适量的V2O5,V2O5和氧气中的外部氧在瞬间燃烧的过程中替代了硫酸钙本身的氧,生成的SO2气体的氧是均一的,其硫同位素比值能代表样品的硫同位素组成,无需进行氧同位素的校正。经过验证表明,硫酸钙样品的直接在线分析是完全可行的。  相似文献   

硫酸镁的生产方法及发展前景   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

程芳琴  董川 《盐湖研究》2006,14(2):62-66

介绍了硫酸镁的发现、用途及其生产工艺的沿革,叙述了国内外现有的硫酸镁的生产方法与工艺流程,提出我国硫酸镁的发展方向,并指出硫酸镁发展的广阔前景。  相似文献   

四川盆地H2S的硫同位素组成及其成因探讨   总被引：23，自引：3，他引：20  

朱光有  张水昌  梁英波  戴金星 《地球化学》2006,35(4):432-442

四川盆地天然气绝大部分含有硫化氢,部分含量高达15%以上。其中高含硫化氢天然气主要分布在三叠系飞仙关组、雷口坡组和嘉陵江组;震旦系、石炭系、二叠系属于低含硫化氢,上三叠统须家河组和侏罗系属于微含硫化氢或不含硫化氢天然气藏。研究表明,三叠系飞仙关组、雷口坡组和嘉陵江组、震旦系、石炭系储层中发育的膏质岩类为TSR形成硫化氢提供了物质基础;富含有机硫源岩的高温裂解是二叠系低含硫化氢天然气的主要成因。硫同位素组成表明,高含硫化氢天然气的硫同位素比储层硫酸盐硫同位素δ34S亏损7‰～11‰;而低含硫化氢天然气硫同位素分布区间较宽,在0‰～20‰之间,大部分比同期硫酸盐的硫同位素轻15‰左右。四川盆地三叠系膏岩的硫同位素值分布较宽,并呈现阶梯状变化,而硫化氢的硫同位素则呈现出相似的分布规律,表明各气层硫化氢中的硫来自于本层系的硫酸盐,即TSR发生在各自的储集层中;另外四川盆地三叠系TSR发生时各气藏的温度条件相近,即各气藏的硫化氢在大致相同的温度条件下发生;同时也说明TSR过程中硫同位素的分馏过程与硫酸盐本身硫同位素数值的高低无关,而与TSR反应的温度条件和反应程度有关。还建立了运用硫化氢的硫同位素和含量判识硫化氢成因类型的模式。  相似文献   

珠江口淇澳岛海岸带沉积物中硫酸盐还原和不同形态硫的分布   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

尹希杰  周怀阳  杨群慧  孙治雷 《海洋学报》2010,32(3):31-39

对珠江口淇澳岛海岸带3个站位(QA-11,QA-9和QA-14)的沉积物中不同形态的还原硫(酸可挥发性硫,黄铁矿和有机硫)、总有机碳(TOC)和孔隙水中SO42-,甲烷浓度进行了测定,并且利用稳态扩散模型计算其中2个站位(QA-9和QA-14)硫酸盐还原通量[1.74和1.14 mmol/(m2.d)]和甲烷厌氧氧化通量[0.34和0.29 mmol/(m2.d)]。研究结果表明由于潮间带沉积物受到SO42-供给的限制,因此位于潮间带的QA-11站位硫酸盐还原带较浅(约16 cm);在潮下带的QA-9和QA-14站位,随离海岸距离和水深的增加,硫酸盐还原通量呈现减小的趋势,并且硫酸还原逐渐受到可利用活性有机质的限制;甲烷厌氧氧化对硫酸盐还原的贡献表现出增加的趋势,由19.2%增加至25.5%。三个站位沉积物中按不同形态还原硫含量由大到小列出,它们是有机硫(OS)、黄铁矿(DS)、酸可挥发性硫(AVS)。沉积物中AVS的空间分布与硫酸盐还原通量有正相关性。QA-11和QA-14站位的黄铁矿与AVS硫的含量比值大于3,分别为7.9和3.6,表明两个站位的黄铁矿形成可能受硫酸盐还原作用的控制;QA-9站位黄铁矿与AVS硫的含量比值为2.2,暗示AVS向黄铁矿转化受到可利用活性铁的限制。  相似文献