水对不同岩石声波速度影响的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王煜霞  许波涛 《岩土工程技术》2006,20(3):144-146

通过分析不同成因类型岩石的声波速度,提出了水对不同岩石声波速度的影响,从岩石孔隙及隐微裂隙的发育程度及岩石的水理性质解释了在水的作用下岩石声波变化规律,利用这些规律可以初步判断岩石的隐微裂隙发育程度及水理性质。  相似文献   

三峡地区寒武纪一三叠纪古海水Sm／Nd变化特征：来自牙形石的证据     

周炼陈孝红  李志宏刘勇胜 张利 《地球科学》2006,31(1):136-142

牙形石作为划分地层的标准化石，具有确切的地层层位和较高的REE含量，并不容易受成岩作用的影响，因此作为研究古海水演化的指示剂引起人们的广泛关注．利用同位素稀释法对扬子克拉通三峡地区寒武纪一三叠纪海相碳酸盐岩中代表古海水化学组成牙形石的Sm／Nd比值进行测定，Sm／Nd比值在0．108-0．348之间，有较大的变化范围．建立Sm／Nd比值随时间的演化曲线，并结合已有沉积地层学和沉积地球化学的成果进行研究，结果表明，古海水Sm／Nd比值变化与海平面升降、古陆块的隆起有明显对应关系，同时，区域性构造运动，如海底地壳拉张产生的幔源组分和地幔柱活动也会影响古海水的Sm／Nd比值．因此，古海水的Sm／Nd比值对海平面的升降、古大陆的风化作用和区域构造事件有指示意义．  相似文献   

地质学方法估算准噶尔盆地西山窑组剥蚀厚度     

王敏芳  ;李平平 《西安地质学院学报》2007,(1):30-33

综合利用地层对比法和沉积速率法估算了准噶尔盆地西山窑组剥蚀厚度，用全盆地34条二维区域地震测线资料，估算了西山窑组剥蚀厚度的平面分布特征。利用单井的地质分层和精细年代格架数据，估算了西山窑组的单井剥蚀厚度。对比结果表明，两者剥蚀厚度的估算结果相近，绝对误差最大不超过50m，相对误差在20％以内。估算结果表明，准噶尔盆地腹部西山窑组剥蚀厚度为100-400m，且自北东向南西，剥蚀厚度逐渐增大，在南部剥蚀厚度可大于400m。  相似文献   

Inconstancy in predator/prey ratios in Quaternary large mammal communities of Italy, with an appraisal of mechanisms     

Pasquale Raia  Carlo Meloro 《Quaternary Research》2007,67(2):255-263

Constancy in predator/prey ratio (PPR) is a controversial issue in ecological research. Published reports support both constancy and inconstancy of the ratio in animal communities. Only a few studies, however, specifically address its course through time. Here we study the course of predator/prey ratio in communities of large Plio-Pleistocene mammals in Italy. After controlling for taphonomic biases, we find strong support for PPR inconstancy through time. Extinction, dispersal events, and differences in body size trends between predators and their prey were found to affect the ratio, which was distributed almost bimodally. We suggest that this stepwise dynamic in PPR indicates changes in ecosystem functioning. Prey richness was controlled by predation when PPR was high and by resources when PPR was low.  相似文献   

Everyday effects, practices and causal mechanisms of ‘cultural embeddedness’: Learning from Utah’s high tech regional economy     

Al James 《Geoforum》2007,38(2):393-413

In recent years, economic geographers have drawn extensively upon notions of ‘cultural embeddedness’ to explore how spatially variable sets of cultural conventions, norms, values and beliefs shape firms’ innovative performance in dynamic regional economies. However, our understanding of these causal links remains partial, reinforced by an ‘over-territorialised’ conception of cultural embeddedness which sidelines the role of institutional actors operating outside and across the boundaries of ‘the local’. So motivated, this paper offers a theoretically-informed - and theoretically informing - empirical analysis of the high tech regional economy in Salt Lake City, Utah to explore the everyday causal mechanisms, practices and processes - both local and extra-local - through which firms’ cultural embedding within the region is manifested, performed and (un)intentionally (re)produced. In so doing, this paper aims to further our understanding of the constitutive entanglement and complex interweaving of cultural/economic practices, and to contribute to the development of an in-depth empirical corpus of work which compliments the exciting conceptual developments that have largely dominated cultural economic geography over the last decade.  相似文献   

堤坝管涌的室内试验与颗粒流细观模拟研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张刚  周健  姚志雄 《水文地质工程地质》2007,34(6):83-86

本文对水流垂直方向的堤坝管涌现象分别进行了室内模型模拟和颗粒流模拟实验。在室内模型试验模拟中采用先进的数码成像跟踪设备在细观的尺度上对土样在管涌发生发展的全过程进行了观察和记录,为颗粒流细观模拟提供了必要的细观参数及宏观依据。提出的二维孔隙率与三维孔隙率转换的关系公式很好的将室内模型试验的孔隙率同颗粒流数值模拟结合,运用颗粒流程序采用固液耦合的分析模型对管涌现象作进一步的数值模拟分析。根据模拟结果,分析了管涌产生、发展在颗粒细观尺度的原因,对管涌产生发展中的试样细观变化规律及流速的变化规律进行了分析。这些结果为PFC2D在渗流和渗透破坏等方面的深入研究应用提供了一定的实用依据,同时也为在细观尺度上解释和分析管涌现象提供了一条新的途径。  相似文献   

土钉面层配筋量计算原理及实例分析     

刘顺桂  张全升  王思敬 《水文地质工程地质》2007,34(6):87-89

本文在分析国内外大量文献资料的基础上,对土钉面层的受力机制进行了详细的讨论和分析,认为土钉面层主要受到钉体对面层的集中荷载及土体对面层的分布荷载作用。引入半弹性体和布辛涅奈斯克理论推导出了较为实用的土钉面层配筋量计算公式,并通过实例验证了该公式的正确性。  相似文献   

刚性桩复合地基垫层对桩土应力比影响分析     

尚琴琴  战永亮 《岩土工程技术》2007,21(1):32-35

从极限平衡理论角度对刚性桩复合地基中垫层作用机理进行分析,提出桩顶垫层厚度、垫层材料内摩擦角等参数对桩土应力分担的控制公式,推导出在已知表面应力情况下考虑桩土共同作用的桩土沉降计算公式,在此基础上提出一种桩土应力比的迭代计算方法。编制程序实现对算例的计算,总结分析计算结果并与实测值进行对比验证。  相似文献   

金川软岩蠕变破坏机理电镜实验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

汪为巍  曹平 《岩土工程技术》2007,21(2):60-63

为探讨金川矿岩石蠕变破坏机理,应用微观扫描电镜(SEM)对蠕变受力情况下岩石破坏断口微观形态进行了观察研究,并分析了其产生的微观破坏机制。结果表明:岩石蠕变断裂的微观机制主要是拉伸、剪切作用下岩石发生脆性断裂,从岩石断裂微观形态研究岩石蠕变断裂,可以更好的揭示岩石断口微观形貌特征、裂纹生核、扩展、及断裂方式与岩石蠕变演进过程的联系。  相似文献   

A numerical study on 2-D compressive wave propagation in rock masses with a set of joints along the radial direction normal to the joints   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

W.D. Lei  A.M. Hefny  S. Yan  J. Teng 《Computers and Geotechnics》2007,34(6):508-523

An explosion in a borehole or an accidental explosion in a tunnel will generate a two-dimensional (2-D) compressive wave that travels through the surrounding rock mass. For the problem of 2-D compressive wave propagation in a rock mass with parallel joints in the radial direction normal to the joints, parametric studies on the transmission ratio and the maximum rebound ratio are performed in universal distinct element code. The variation of the transmission ratio with the ratio of joint spacing to wavelength is generalized into a characteristic curve, which can be used as a prediction model for estimating the transmission ratio. The relationship between the maximum rebound ratio and the influence factors is obtained in charts. The charts can be used as a prediction model for estimating the maximum rebound ratio. The proposed prediction models for estimating the transmission ratio and the maximum rebound ratio are applied to a field explosion test, Mandai test in Singapore. The minimum possible values of peak particle velocity (PPV) at the monitoring points are estimated by using the proposed prediction model for estimating the transmission ratio along the radial direction normal to the joints. On the other hand, the maximum possible values of PPV are estimated by using the proposed prediction model for estimating the maximum rebound ratio along the same radial direction. The comparison shows a good agreement between the field-recorded PPVs and the estimated range of PPVs given by the minimum possible PPVs and the maximum possible PPVs at the monitoring points in Mandai test. The good agreement between the estimated and field-recorded values validates the proposed prediction models for estimating peak particle velocity in a rock mass with a set of joints due to application of a compressive wave at the boundary of a tunnel or a borehole.  相似文献