松嫩平原农业水资源优化管理模型   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

章光新  邓伟  李取生 《地球学报》2002,23(1):85-88

松嫩平原是我国重要的商品粮生产基地，水资源短缺和不合理利用严重制约着农业的可持续发展。研究中选择国家“九五”农业重点科技攻关吉林省大安试验作为研究区，针对农业发展状况和目标、次生盐碱化形成机理和水资源开发利用现状及其存在的问题等多种自然和人为条件，建立区域农业水资源优化管理模型，确定水资源最优利用方案，为农业发展规划提供理论依据和科学指导。同时，拟把此套模型技术推广和应用到整个松嫩平原地区，保证农业安全生产，促进生态环境稳定健康发展。  相似文献   

RS和GIS支持下的三江平原沼泽湿地动态变化研究   总被引：81，自引：19，他引：81  

汪爱华  张树清  何艳芬 《地理科学》2002,22(5):636-640

以景观生态学理论为基础，采用遥感（RS）和地理信息系统（GIS）相结合的方法，探讨了三江平原沼泽湿地的动态变化特征。结果表明，三江平原沼泽湿地主要分布在富锦、同江和抚远三个县（市），其总面积占全区总面积的51.42%;1980-2000年间三江平原沼泽湿地的分布面积显著下降，1980-1996年间沼泽湿地面积减少了51.33%，1996年之后减少速度明显下降。同时沼泽湿地景观的破碎化显著，斑块数量增加了46%，斑块密度净增加两倍。1980年、1996年、2000年景观的分维湿地面积变化较之全区变化不显著外，其它地区均发生较为显著的变化。  相似文献   

华北平原缺水盐渍区浅层地下水位动态分析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

毛任钊  刘小京  娄华君 《地理科学进展》2002,21(6):561-572

本文以国家农业科技攻关南皮试区为例,分析了华北缺水盐渍区地下水水位动态及其与降水量的关系,应用灰色系统理论的GM(1,1)预测方法,建立了地下水位动态的模拟、预测模型。结果表明,在目前供水、用水和水文地质条件下,未来地下水水位呈缓慢下降趋势,年均下降速度为0.12～0.14m/年。单靠平水年甚或丰水年降水难以维持地下水采补平衡,必须进行多年径流调节或跨流域调水,以丰补歉,互济余缺,并实施农田综合节水技术,防止区域水环境的恶化。  相似文献   

三江平原和横断山区的泥炭资源及其合理开发利用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张生  张芸 《地域研究与开发》2002,21(1):69-73

三江平原和横断山区是我国泥炭资源两大丰富区，作者详细论述了三江平原和横断山区的泥炭资源分布、泥炭资源评价和开发利用与保护问题。泥炭的形成和积累是各种自然因素综合作用的结果。不同地区由于地貌、地质、气候以及各种成矿作用组合的差异，不仅造成泥炭分布的时空不平衡性，而且也影响着泥炭性质、质量，左右着泥炭开发利用的方向。泥炭质量评价以泥炭的性质为依据，是泥炭合理开发利用的基础，决定着泥炭利用的方向和效益。  相似文献   

云南三江地区富碱侵入岩与煌斑岩的同源性   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

金志升  黄智龙  朱成明 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》1997,(4)

云南三江地区富碱侵入岩与煌斑岩的同源性金志升黄智龙朱成明（中国科学院地球化学研究所，贵阳５５０００２）关键词三江地区富碱侵入岩煌斑岩同源性三江地区富碱侵入岩带（亦称哀牢山－金沙江富碱侵入岩带）是世界上著名的富碱侵入岩带之一，前人对该区富碱侵入岩进行过...  相似文献   

Establishment of wetlands on the southeastern Atlantic Coastal Plain: Paleolimnological evidence of a mid-Holocene hydrologic threshold from a South Carolina pond     

E.E. Gaiser  B.E. Taylor  M.J. Brooks 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2001,26(4):373-391

The series of climatic events affecting landscapes on the southeastern Atlantic Coastal Plain over the past several thousand years is poorly understood. This is due, in part, to the paucity of depositional basins in this region containing adequately preserved microfossils for paleoecological analyses. This research reconstructs past hydrologic environments from the microfossil record of Peat Bay, a small, peat-filled pond in south-central South Carolina. We cored the deepest location in the pond and retrieved 120 cm of sediment representing 5200 yr of deposition. Fine clays at the base of the core resembled sediments deposited in abandoned channels of the nearby Savannah River, suggesting the basin may have functioned as an oxbow wetland prone to periodic flooding and drying. Overlying peats containing planktonic diatom assemblages mark the onset of persistent open-water conditions ca. 4600 B.P. These data, in conjunction with a small body of paleoecological evidence from other southeastern wetlands, suggest that a hydrologic 'threshold' was surpassed during the mid-Holocene that resulted in flooding and expansion of low-lying depressions that characterize the regional landscape. This is likely the culmination of long-term hydrologic trends related to glacial retreat, including increased precipitation and a rise in ground water levels corresponding to a global rise in sea level. In Peat Bay, lake-like conditions persisted until about 3800 B.P., after which time aerophilic diatoms and remains of other temporary pond organisms dominated the fossil record. Episodic drying of pond sediments during the late-Holocene may have been a response to decreased precipitation, stabilization of the water table and infilling of the pond by decaying vegetation and terrigenous clastics. The microfossil record indicates that temporary pond conditions persisted until recent years (ca. 1985) when the basin returned to a permanently flooded state due to groundwater connection to a large reservoir constructed nearby.  相似文献   

Investigation of river network evolution using luminescence dating and heavy mineral analysis of Late-Quaternary fluvial sands from the Great Hungarian Plain     

Edit Tham-Bozs  Andrew S. Murray  Annamria Ndor  rpd Magyari  Edit Babinszki 《Quaternary Geochronology》2007,2(1-4):168-173

To reconstruct the evolution of Late-Quaternary river network in the southeastern part of the Great Hungarian Plain, we have used optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and heavy mineral analysis of 25 sand samples from the upper 2–8 m of the fluvial units, complemented by four radiocarbon ages. The estimated OSL depositional ages vary between 10 and 47 ka. The heavy mineral composition of the OSL samples was compared to the compositional data of recent river sediments using cluster analysis. The new OSL and heavy mineral data show that from 47 to 10 ka ago the sediments were transported mainly from the northeast direction into the southeastern part of the Great Hungarian Plain by the ancestor of the Tisza river and its northern tributaries, and probably by another large river which also flowed northeast–southwest, parallel to the modern Tisza. Between 23 and 14 ka sediments periodically came from the east and reached the eastern part of our study area. Between 15 and 12 ka ago, sands transported from the southeast also occur in the southeastern and central part of the study area. These data suggest that the modern rivers occupied their present courses only in the last 10 ka.  相似文献   

松辽平原黑土流失的遥感监测方法研究     

张红红  姜琦刚  程彬  王耿明  邢宇 《世界地质》2007,26(4):474-478

从遥感技术的特点出发，分析松辽平原黑土区的黑土遥感信息特征，提出从本质特征、关联信息出发研究松辽平原黑土区水土流失遥感监测的方法，并在黑土区进行实验性研究及应用：从监测方法在松辽平原黑土流失研究中的应用效果与对比分析看，它们具有良好的操作性和互补性。  相似文献   

Magnetostratigraphic dating of an intensification of glacial activity in the southern Italian Alps during Marine Isotope Stage 22     

Giovanni Muttoni  Cesare Ravazzi  Marzia Breda  Carlo Laj  Alain Mazaud 《Quaternary Research》2007,67(1):161-173

We applied magnetostratigraphy and mammal biostratigraphy to date climate-sensitive pollen cycles and lithostratigraphic units of the Pliocene-Pleistocene Leffe sedimentary succession from the Southern Alps, Italy. The Leffe section was correlated to additional sections (Casnigo, Fornaci di Ranica, and Pianengo) to construct a stratigraphic network along a common fluviatile system (the Serio River) sourced in the Southern Alps and flowing southward into the Po River Basin. We obtained a coherent scenario of climate variability for the last ∼ 2 Myr. At Leffe, lacustrine deposition commenced during the Olduvai Normal Subchron (1.94-1.78 Ma) and lasted up to a chronologic level compatible with Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 22 (0.87 Ma). Pollen analysis revealed that climate varied cyclically from warm-temperate to cool during this time interval, but never as cold as during glacial intervals. At around MIS 22, climate cooled globally. Gravels, attributed to high-energy braided river systems fed locally by alluvial fans, prograded from the Serio River catchment area over the Leffe Basin and toward the Po Plain in response to a generalized event of vegetation withdrawal and enhanced physical erosion. At this time, Alpine valley glaciers reached their first maximum southward expansion with glacier fronts located at only ∼ 5 km upstream from Leffe.  相似文献   

一种平原区径流计算的方法研究     

孙明 《地下水》2007,29(2):5-9

平原区的水文计算在当前生态重建环境中具有重要意义.利用仿雨试验,研究地面坡度小于 3‰的平原区降雨产流的特征,稳定降雨条件下径流系数的变化规律,提出了"最大径流系数法"对平原降雨产流的计算原理,对非稳定及天然条件下的暴雨过程进行了径流计算.结果表明:(1)对仿雨实验变雨强径流计算,计算值与实测值比较相对误差平均为 6.43%;(2)对天然降雨过程的径流计算,计算实例结果误差为 5.9%和 10.9%.  相似文献