Early applications of geographical information systems at the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology     

NIGEL J. BROWN  DAVID A. NORRIS 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(2):153-160

Abstract

The Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (ITE) Digital Cartographic Service provides a range of services to the scientists of ITE (and others) including various techniques within the field of geographical information systems (GIS). This paper discusses work of this type as it is applied to specific ITE projects. The emphasis is very much on GIS applications to ‘real ecological science’ such as the ‘acid water’ problem and the change of forest areas into heathland. Some comments are made on fundamental GIS techniques, their use and limitations. At ITE, GIS applications are growing out of an existing use of digital mapping and remote sensing technologies; they have not purchased a GIS system ‘off the shelf.’  相似文献   

Exploring spatial data uncertainties in land‐use change scenarios     

N. Dendoncker  C. Schmit  M. Rounsevell 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(9):1013-1030

This paper evaluates errors and uncertainties in representing landscapes that arise from different data rasterization methods, spatial resolutions, and downscaled land‐use change (LUC) scenarios. A vector LU dataset for Luxembourg (minimum mapping unit: 0.15 ha; year 2000) was used as the baseline reference map. This map was rasterized at three spatial resolutions using three cell class assignment methods. The landscape composition and configuration of these maps were compared. Four alternative scenarios of future LUC were also generated for the three resolutions using existing LUC scenarios and a statistical downscaling method creating 37 maps of LUC for the year 2050. These maps were compared in terms of composition and spatial configuration using simple metrics of landscape fragmentation and an analysis of variance (ANOVA). Differences in landscape composition and configuration between the three cell class assignment methods and the three spatial resolutions were found to be at least as large as the differences between the LUC scenarios. This occurred in spite of the large LUC projected by the scenarios. This demonstrates the importance of the rasterization method and the level of aggregation as a contribution to uncertainty when developing future LUC scenarios and in analysing landscape structure in ecological studies.  相似文献   

Historical desertification of the Mu Us Sandy Land: A perspective from the Beidachi section     

YinZhou Huang  NaiAng Wang  HongYi Cheng  Ning M  TingTing Lai 《寒旱区科学》2013,5(3):0293-0300

Historical desertification of the Mu Us Sandy Land is linked to both environmental changes and anthropogenic activities. This paper reports on an analysis of grain size parameters as indicative of such changes in the southwestern area of the Mu Us Sandy Land. Combined with analysis of chronologies and historical records, our results indicate that Beidachi Lake and a nearby seasonal river have retreated continuously in history and that sand dunes appeared at approximately the end of the Ming dynasty. This study sheds new light on the understanding of spatial-temporal changes of the interior Mu Us Sandy Land in history and has great significance in revealing environmental changes of the interior region of the Mu Us Sandy Land.  相似文献   

Thermal infrared remote-sensing detection of thermal information associated with faults: A case study in Western Sichuan Basin, China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wenyuan WuLejun Zou  Xiaohua Shen  Shanlong LuNan Su  Fanli KongYoupu Dong 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2012,43(1):110-117

Using enhanced land surface temperatures (LSTs) image retrieved from Landsat ETM+, this article shows that thermal information associated with faults have been detected. These anomalies may be provided by geothermal natural convection through faults and partially influence the ground surface thermal environment. The study area in southern segment of Longmen Mountains thrust belt of Western Sichuan Basin contains complex faults and folds with recent earthquake activity. In order to study the faults for future oil exploration, we use LST data retrieved from Landsat thermal infrared band to detect the thermal information associated with faults. The LSTs are enhanced by filtering out anthropogenic activity and influence land cover classes, and interpolating to contour map. The spatial patterns of the enhanced images revealed the spatial correspondence between the thermal information and the dip planes of faults when compared with the explanation profiles and geologic features obtained from the 3D-seismic geophysical data. The thermal-affected ranges calculated and the statistically significant of regression model also indicate the result that the thermal information located near the faults are consistent with the faults’ dip planes.  相似文献   

松嫩平原(吉林)地下水动态监测现状浅析     

田辉  都基众  郭晓东  张文强 《地下水》2012,(1):70-71

在论述松嫩平原(吉林)地下水动态监测的现状的基础上,总结地下水监测中存在的问题。根据地下水监测工作存在的问题,提出动态监测应科学规划、分层监测、引进新设备和加强监测信息系统建设的建议。  相似文献   

水准测量网监测在德州市地面沉降中的应用     

何国荣  冯在敏  冯克印  任翠爱  商婷婷  谭现锋 《山东地质》2012,(6):28-30

山东地面沉降灾害以鲁北平原最为严重,在德州地区的地面沉降已对当地人民的正常生产和生活构成了威胁,并制约了当地经济的可持续发展。通过建立水准测量网络及监测运行,查明了德州市地面沉降的规模和范围,研究成果表明工作区均存在地面沉降现象,截至2010年,德城区由于地下水开采强度大,地面沉降幅度最大,目前地面累计沉降量为-1186．9～-636．9mm,多年平均沉降速率为59．35mm／a,形成了以市区西北部为中心的地面沉降盆地。超量开采深层地下水是造成大规模地面沉降的重要因素。  相似文献   

莱芜市征地拆迁的实践与探索     

李伟  刘琳  徐国红 《山东地质》2012,(5):63-65

莱芜市国土资源局市区分局征地拆迁过程中,严格规范征地拆迁程序,及时按要求进行安置补偿,并建立了征地拆迁矛盾纠纷排查调处机制。但仍存在失地农民的社会保障制度不完善、土地级差收益和征地补偿价格差异大、地面附着物补偿标准不全面而且偏低、被征地农民安置欠缺等问题。根据莱芜市工作现状进行调研分析,并对今后工作开展进行了探讨,提出加大征地拆迁政策宣传力度,积极探索和改进土地征用补偿方式,实行留地政策,拓宽失地农民安置途径等建议。  相似文献   

2003—2010年青岛经济技术开发区土地利用高分辨率遥感变化监测     

于衍桂  马毅  靳晓华  刘国霞 《山东地质》2012,(1):42-45,49

该文以青岛市经济技术开发区为研究区域,利用2003,2007和2010年3个时相的遥感影像,分析了土地利用的变迁状况。研究表明,在研究时段的7年间,耕地面积减少趋势显著,总面积减少了1 727.00hm2;另一方面工矿仓储用地面积直线上升,总面积增加了1 703.12hm2。总体上来说,主要表现为耕地向工矿仓储用地和城镇住宅用地的转化,两者的转化量分别占耕地减少总面积的71.16%和14.35%;其次是林地和空闲地向工矿仓储用地的转化,前者的转化量占林地减少总面积的68.86%。  相似文献   

昌邑市镇村违法用地群防网建设的探索与实践     

肖元先  董雷  梁丽丽 《山东地质》2012,(2):68-70

昌邑市多措并举,强化镇村监管责任,推进执法重心下移,探索建立了违法用地＂群防群治＂立体体系,始终保持对违法违规用地严厉打击的高压态势,建立了土地利用管理新秩序,维护了全市和谐稳定发展大局。  相似文献   

菏泽市牡丹区节约集约用地探索与实践     

马建民  刘贞利  张东印 《山东地质》2012,(1):54-57

菏泽市牡丹区针对区内人均耕地少、土地后备资源不足,与加快推进工业化、城镇化、现代化发展急需增加用地日益突出的矛盾。本着＂盘活存量,集约用地＂的原则,牡丹区采取有效措施,强力推进土地节约集约利用工作,较好地拓展了项目落地空间,保障了经济社会发展需要,实现了土地利用效益与经济社会效益的＂双赢＂目标。  相似文献