钢筋混凝土耐久性海洋暴露试验   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

朱雅仙朱锡昶  张燕迟 《海洋工程》2004,22(4):60-66

对不同技术条件的钢筋混凝土试件进行长期的海洋暴露腐蚀试验,以了解其服役特性,为钢筋混凝土结构的耐久性设计提供依据。近7年的暴露结果表明：在混凝土中掺加高炉矿渣等活性掺合料,能大大降低氯离子渗透速率,提高钢筋混凝土的耐久性。  相似文献   

Salt weathering: influence of evaporation rate,supersaturation and crystallization pattern     

Carlos Rodriguez-Navarro  Eric Doehne 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1999,24(3):191-209

Micro- and macroscale experiments which document the dynamics of salt damage to porous stone have yielded data which expose weaknesses in earlier interpretations. Previously unexplained differences are found in crystal morphology, crystallization patterns, kinetics and substrate damage when comparing the growth of mirabilite (Na₂SO₄. 10H₂O) and thenardite (Na₂SO₄) versus halite (NaCl). The crystallization pattern of sodium sulphate was strongly affected by relative humidity (RH), while a lesser RH effect was observed for sodium chloride. Macroscale experiments confirmed that mirabilite (crystallizing at RH > 50 per cent) and thenardite (crystallizing at RH < 50 per cent) tend to form subflorescence in highly localized areas under conditions of constant RH and temperature. This crystallization pattern was more damaging than that of halite, since halite tended to grow as efflorescence or by filling the smallest pores of the stone in a homogeneous fashion, a result which contradicts Wellman and Wilson's theoretical model of salt damage. Low RH promoted rapid evaporation of saline solutions and higher supersaturation levels, resulting in the greatest damage to the stone in the case of both sodium sulphate and sodium chloride crystallization. At any particular crystallization condition, sodium chloride tended to reach lower supersaturation levels (resulting in the crystallization of isometric crystals) and created negligible damage, while sodium sulphate reached higher supersaturation ratios (resulting in non-equilibrium crystal shapes), resulting in significant damage. ESEM showed no damage from sodium sulphate due to hydration. Instead, after water condensation on thenardite crystals, rapid dissolution followed by precipitation of mirabilite took place, resulting in stone damage by means of crystallization pressure generation. It is concluded that salt damage due to crystallization pressure appears to be largely a function of solution supersaturation ratio and location of crystallization. These key factors are related to solution properties and evaporation rates, which are constrained by solution composition, environmental conditions, substrate properties, and salt crystallization growth patterns. When combined with a critical review of salt damage literature, these experiments allow the development of a model which explains variations in damage related to combinations of different salts, substrates and environmental conditions. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Preliminary study on strontium-rich characteristics of shallow groundwater in Dingtao Area,China          下载免费PDF全文

CAO Yan-ling  SONG Liang  LIU Lian  ZHU Wen-feng  CUI Su  WANG Yan-ting  GUO Peng 《地下水科学与工程》2020,8(3):244-258

Based on the analysis of element correlation, the Gibbs diagram, hydro-geochemical ion ratios, isoline maps of groundwater and soil, and change patterns of strontium content after normalization, the study examines water-rock interaction of shallow groundwater in Dingtao area. The results suggest that strontium in the study area mainly comes from water-rock interactions, and the strata interacting with groundwater are the top of Quaternary and Neogene. The element correlation analysis shows that the formation of strontium-rich groundwater is sufficiently affected by sulfate and carbonate. The Gibbs diagram suggests that the chemical composition of groundwater is mainly influenced by water-rock interactions, accompanied by evaporation crystallization. c(Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺)/c(HCO₃^-+SO₄^2-) reflects that the main reactions in the groundwater system is weathering dissolution of carbonate and sulfate, and ion exchange takes place. c(Na⁺)/c(Cl^-) indicates that Na⁺ in groundwater may have water-rock interactions with rocks it flows through. c(Cl^-)/c(Ca²⁺) indicates that the hydrodynamic condition in the pumping well is poor and the water circulation is slow. The study examines the macro isoline map change patterns, correlation curves of change of strontium content in groundwater and shallow soil, and correlation curves of change of strontium content in groundwater, shallow soil, and deep soil. The results suggest that the strontium content in the study area has the same change pattern in groundwater and in soil, which further indicates that strontium in the study area comes from water-rock interactions.  相似文献   

Significance of stemflow in groundwater recharge. 1: Evaluation of the stemflow contribution to recharge using a mass balance approach     

Makoto Taniguchi  Maki Tsujimura  Tadashi Tanaka 《水文研究》1996,10(1):71-80

Stemflow was evaluated in a water balance and its contribution to groundwater recharge determined. Gross precipitation, throughfall and stemflow were measured for one year in a pine forest (Tsukuba, Japan) to determine each component of the water balance in the forest. Groundwater recharge rates by stemflow and throughfall were calculated from a mass balance method using chloride in subsurface waters. The stemflow in the water balance was relatively small when estimated as a value per canopy projected area of the tree in the forest. However, the results for the mass balance of chloride in subsurface waters indicated that it was impossible to disregard the stemflow in determining groundwater recharge. Although the ratio of stemflow to the net precipitation was small in the water balance, the effect of stemflow on groundwater recharge was relatively large.  相似文献   

跨海地铁盾构管片混凝土耐久性及寿命预测分析          下载免费PDF全文

王金龙  刘伟宝  杨虎  陆采荣 《海洋工程》2022,40(5):139-146

根据某跨海地铁2号线的工况，确定跨海区间盾构管片的环境类别和作用等级，由各原材料氯离子含量计算推荐配合比混凝土氯离子含量，并对推荐配合比混凝土开展氯离子扩散系数试验和抗压强度试验。分别使用《海港工程高性能混凝土质量控制标准》(JTS 257-2—2012)、《混凝土结构耐久性评定标准》(CECS 220：2007)中的评定方法及多因素耦合评价(MFC)方法，基于钢筋开始锈蚀阶段t_i、混凝土保护层锈胀开裂阶段t_c、混凝土功能明显退化阶段t_d对混凝土结构使用年限t_e进行预测。结果表明，以上3种耐久性预测模型预测跨海地铁2号线推荐配合比使用年限的计算结果均大于100年，能够满足使用100年的要求。  相似文献   

DPQAC-PAC-MC复合改性粘土在不同介质中的絮凝行为研究     

吴婷  曹西华  俞志明  宋秀贤  姜文彬  袁涌铨  吴在兴  贺立燕  范子初 《海洋与湖沼》2021,52(1):106-113

改性粘土法絮凝消除浮游微藻是我国迄今唯一得到大规模应用的有害赤潮应急处置方法,研发安全高效的改性粘土材料是该方法发展的重要方向之一.本文研究了双烷基聚氧乙烯基三季铵盐(DPQAC)与聚合氯化铝(PAC)复合改性粘土获得新材料DPQAC-PAC-MC在去离子水、海水及东海原甲藻藻液(Prorocentrum dongha...  相似文献   

盐田兑卤法提高光卤石矿质量的方法探讨   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

李建国  王成玲 《盐湖研究》2007,15(3):33-36,47

通过相图分析及计算,介绍了一种"由盐湖卤水兑卤除氯化钠后,首先获得成矿卤水,然后对其蒸发制取质量较好光卤石矿"的生产方法。  相似文献