STUDY OF THE ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION OF AQUATIC MACROPHYTES IN A EUTROPHIC SHALLOW LAKE     

邱东茹  吴振斌  严国安  李益健  周远捷 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1997,15(1):52-60

mooUonONEutrophicationhasdri,andwillperhapsbethemostwidespreadtypeofenviron-rnentalpollutionofwaterbodis.MostUrbanorsuburbanshallowwaterbodishaveex-perientaladetalrnan-causedeutrophhationinevitablyresultinginovergroWthofphytoplanktonandotherdramaticlakeeresySteInchangessuchasthedeCineofmacrophytes.TheensuingdeteriorationofwaterqualitycaedseriousenvirorunentalanderenoAncprobbo,bousemostoftheselakes,asidefrombeingwatefbodiesforlargescalecoInmendalfisheryusuallysupplywaterforindustryandagrict…  相似文献   

Support for the Giant Wave Hypothesis: evidence from submerged terraces off Lanai,Hawaii     

Jody M. Webster  David A. Clague  Juan Carlos Braga 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2007,96(3):517-524

The origin of subaerial coral conglomerate deposits on the Hawaiian islands of Lanai and Molokai is controversial, primarily because these deposits are difficult to interpret and the vertical motion of these islands is poorly constrained. Based on bathymetry, dive observations, sedimentary and radiocarbon data from coralline algal dominated deposits from two submerged terraces at −150 and −230 m off Lanai, Lanai has experienced relatively little vertical movement over the last 30 ka. Using internally consistent age versus depth relationships, paleowater depths, and published sea level data, we estimate that Lanai has experienced maximum rates of uplift of 0.1 m/kyr or subsidence of 0.4 m/kyr over this period. Our analysis of possible uplift mechanisms, published geophysical, numerical modelling, and recent tide data suggests that this is also the maximum uplift rate for the last several hundred thousand years. Taken together these data support the interpretation that coral conglomerates at elevations higher than +35 m on Lanai are tsunami deposits with a minimum wave run up > 170 m, rather than shoreline deposits formed during the last two interglacials, then uplifted to their present elevations.  相似文献   

Turbulence characteristics of flow past submerged vanes     

《国际泥沙研究》2020,35(1):42-56

Submerged vanes are hydrofoils utilized to manage the sediment transport through the river by generating the turbulence in the flow in the form of helical currents.The vanes are placed in the flow with respect to its direction at angle of 10°to 40°.In the current study,an attempt has been made to study the effect of the introduction of vanes in form of rows on parameters like turbulence intensities,Reynolds stresses,turbulent kinetic energy,anisotropy index,and the velocity profile of the flow.It is observed that the profile of variation of turbulence intensities,turbulent kinetic energy,vertical Reynolds stress and velocity over three different marked verticals on a transect are nearly identical whereas a large scatter is observed in the variation of transverse Reynolds stress over the vertical of the aforementioned vertical locations.This observation suggests that flow turbulence is homogeneous over the vertical while scattering in the variation of the transverse Reynolds stress component may be attributed to the presence of secondary currents in the flow.After introducing rows of submerged vanes,the bed turbulence is reduced,hence,helping reduce many scour related phenomenon.It is also observed that a vortex occurred at 0.85 times the height of the vane and the variation of turbulence quantities in the presence of vanes shows the existence of a peak in these quantities.It is observed that as flow moves away from the vane rows,due to the interaction of vortices and the action of vorticity,vortices dampens down and the flow regains homogeneity.After the introduction of submerged vane rows,bed shear stress reduces as fluid from the surface replaces the slow-moving fluid near the bed due to the secondary currents generated by the vanes leading to reduction in the magnitude of turbulence intensities,Reynolds stresses,and turbulent kinetic energy near the bed.The anisotropy index is observed to increase near the bed as induced secondary currents enhanced the turbulence production in the near bed region.All the profiles of parameters obtained in the current study show the existence of a peak or inflexions at a height of 0.85 H from bed(Where,H is the height of the submerged vane).Profiles of parameters obtained in the current study suggest that as the vorticity dampens the vane-generated secondary currents,the scattering in the profiles along the vertical reduces and profiles are observed to regain the variation which they had before the introduction of vane rows,suggesting that flow turbulence has regained its homogeneity.  相似文献   

Numerical modeling of local scour due to submerged wall jets using a strict vertex-based,terrain conformal,moving-mesh technique in OpenFOAM     

《国际泥沙研究》2020,35(3):237-248

This study presents the implementation and validation of a new sediment-scour model with a strict vertex-based,terrain conformal,moving-mesh technique within the framework of OpenFOAM.OpenFOAM lacks the ability to simulate large-amplitude motion needed for analysis of sediment-scour problems,and,thus,its application normally is restricted to small-amplitude cases to prevent computational divergence due to mesh deterioration.The proposed simple,moving-mesh technique in OpenFOAM is implemented to overcome the shortcomings of the conventional automatic mesh-motion techniques in handling large-amplitude moving geometries.The model is used to simulate a simple case of prescribed boundary motion,a previous experiment in the literature,and a new laboratory experiment for local scour due to submerged wall jets.The results are compared with both the experimental and other numerical results.The comparisons demonstrate that the proposed model has the novel advantage of allowing for more severe topographic variations,and can provide more reliable predictions for the key characteristics and evolution of the bed profiles in wall jet scour problems.Furthermore,to improve the practice of modeling wall jet scour,various turbulence modeling approaches and bedload equations also are evaluated and compared.  相似文献   

菹草(Potamogeton crispus)叶面CaCO₃-P沉淀物产生的关键影响因子分析     

陶轶凡  黄蔚  余成  陈开宁  李子威 《湖泊科学》2024,36(4):1060-1068

沉水植物光合作用形成的微环境有利于水体中钙和磷形成CaCO₃-P共沉淀,但在不同水环境因子下水体中钙和磷形成CaCO₃-P共沉淀的能力不同。本研究以菹草(Potamogeton crispus)为研究对象,研究不同钙浓度(0、20、35、50、65 mg/L)、碱度(0、100、200、300、400 mg/L CaCO₃)、磷浓度(0、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4 mg/L)和温度(11、14、17、20℃)对菹草削减水体磷的能力及对CaCO₃-P共沉淀产生的差异,并通过分析无植物对照组培养液的饱和指数变化趋势,揭示植物介导下CaCO₃-P的发生规律,为湖泊生态修复中沉水植物的选择提供理论依据。结果表明:①在菹草培养组中,总磷(TP)和溶解性磷酸盐(SRP)浓度显著下降,并且不同处理组之间存在显著差异。随着钙浓度的增加,各处理组的TP和SRP浓度均呈减小趋势,而添加钙浓度导致减幅进一步提高。相比之下,在无菹草对照组中,TP和SRP浓度没有显著变化。这表明菹草的引入促进了水中磷的去除效率。②各处理组CaCO₃-P共沉淀量随碱度的增加而增加,碱度为400 mg/L CaCO₃时,产生最大CaCO₃-P共沉淀量,说明菹草在碱性水环境中更有利于产生CaCO₃-P共沉淀。共沉淀在中等磷水平(0.2 mg/L)产生量最高,每株菹草每天平均产生23.12 mg共沉淀量。实验验证了自然水体磷浓度对菹草叶面CaCO₃-P共沉淀量的产生差异较小,共沉淀在中等温度水平(17℃)含量最高,每株菹草每天平均产生16.61 mg共沉淀量,说明菹草在适宜温度下产生共沉淀的差异不大。以上结果表明,碱度相较于磷浓度及温度对菹草的CaCO₃-P共沉淀量影响更大。③在水环境因子相同的情况下,无菹草对照组碳酸钙饱和指数(方解石和霰石饱和指数)均大于0,说明有结晶趋势,但在实验期间并未产生沉淀,而添加菹草的处理组产生了不等量的CaCO₃-P共沉淀,表明沉水植物也可通过共沉淀的方式削减水体磷负荷,为湖泊富营养化的治理提供理论支撑。  相似文献