Shelf habitat distribution as a legacy of Late Quaternary marine transgressions: A case study from a tropical carbonate province     

Scott L. Nichol  Brendan P. Brooke 《Continental Shelf Research》2011,31(17):1845-1857

The legacy of multiple marine transgressions is preserved in a complex morphology of ridges, mounds and reefs on the Carnarvon continental shelf, Western Australia. High-resolution multibeam sonar mapping, underwater photography and sampling across a 280 km² area seaward of the Ningaloo Coast World Heritage Area shows that these raised features provide hardground habitat for modern coral and sponge communities. Prominent among these features is a 20 m high and 15 km long shore-parallel ridge at 60 m water depth. This ridge preserves the largely unaltered form of a fringing reef and is interpreted as the predecessor to modern Ningaloo Reef. Landward of the drowned reef, the inner shelf is covered by hundreds of mounds (bommies) up to 5 m high and linear ridges up to 1.5 km long and 16 m high. The ridges are uniformly oriented to the north-northeast and several converge at their landward limit. On the basis of their shape and alignment, these ridges are interpreted as relict long-walled parabolic dunes. Their preservation is attributed to cementation of calcareous sands to form aeolianite, prior to the post-glacial marine transgression. Some dune ridges abut areas of reef that rise to sea level and are highly irregular in outline but maintain a broad shore-parallel trend. These are tentatively interpreted as Last Interglacial in age. The mid-shelf and outer shelf are mostly sediment covered with relatively low densities of epibenthic biota and have patches of low-profile ridges that may also be relict reef shorelines. An evolutionary model for the Carnarvon shelf is proposed that relates the formation of drowned fringing reefs and aeolian dunes to Late Quaternary eustatic sea level.  相似文献   

Numerical modeling of free surface flow over submerged and highly flexible vegetation     

C.W. Li  J.F. Xie 《Advances in water resources》2011,34(4):468-477

Vegetation in rivers, estuaries and coastal areas is often submerged and highly flexible. The study of its interaction with the ambient flow environment is important for the determination of the discharge capacity, morphological characteristics and ecological conditions of the water course where it grows. In this work the hydrodynamics of submerged flexible vegetation with or without foliage is investigated by using a 3D numerical model. Flexible vegetation is modeled by momentum sink terms, with the velocity-dependent stem height determined by a large deflection analysis which is more accurate than the previously used small deflection analysis. The effect of foliage on flow resistance is expressed in terms of the change in the product of the drag coefficient and the projected area, which is supported by available experimental data. The computed results show that the vertical profiles of the mean horizontal velocity and the vertical Reynolds shear stress are correctly simulated. The temporal variation of the stem deflection follows closely that of the velocity and the ‘Honami’ phenomenon can be reproduced. The numerical simulations also confirm that the flexibility of vegetation decreases both the vegetation-induced flow resistance force and the vertical Reynolds shear stress, while the presence of foliage further enhances these reduction effects.  相似文献   

白洋淀台田沟渠水生植物蔓延分布特征     

蓝艳  崔保山  张永涛  李峰居  张宇  蔺文亭 《湿地科学》2013,11(3)

湖泊植物群落的形成和分布由水文和水质共同决定.以白洋淀台田沟渠内水生植物为研究对象,研究水生植物在不同营养盐含量和与台田边界不同距离条件下的蔓延分布特征.运用野外调查方法,于2012年5月和9月初,对白洋淀20个主要淀区台田沟渠内的水生植物和水质条件进行调查.本次调查在台田沟渠内共发现水生植物14种,占淀区水生植物总种数的40％.沟渠内水生植物对营养盐含量的适应性可以分为3类:金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)、紫背浮萍(Spirodela polyhiza)、水鳖(Hydracharis dubia)、蓖齿眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus)、菹草(Potamogeton crispus)、槐叶萍(Salvinia natans)、莲(Nelumbo nucifera)和芦苇(Phragmites australis适宜于各种水体;狸藻(Utricularia vulgaris)、穗花狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)和品藻Lemna trisulca)适宜于低氮水体;轮藻(Chara sp.)、光叶眼子菜(Potamo geton lucens)和马来眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus)适宜于低氮和低磷水体.不同的水生植物分布于台田沟渠的不同位置,菹草、蓖齿眼子菜多分布于台田“外边缘”;轮藻多在台田“内边缘”和“内部水域”分布;浮水植物、浮叶植物和金鱼藻在台田区内分布相对均匀.植物群落物种丰富度沿台田沟渠与台田边界的距离呈单峰曲线关系,在台田入口处达到峰值.  相似文献   

Reproduction in Galaxias fasciatus Gray (Salmoniformes : Galaxiidae)   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

C. L. Hopkins 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):225-230

A study of the reproductive cycle was made on Galaxias fasciatus Gray from streams on Banks Peninsula, South Island, New Zealand. There was no spawning migration; adults remained in the usual adult habitat to breed. The course of gonad maturation showed that spawning occurred in the autumn, from the end of April to mid‐June. Most males matured at 2 years of age and most females at 4 years old. Egg numbers in the females varied from 3800 to 23 600. Males were predominant in age groups 1–4, females in the older age groups. Amongst fish of potential breeding age there was an excess of males. Circumstantial evidence suggested that eggs were laid among piles of water‐logged debris lodged in pools and backwaters. The larvae, which are briefly described, probably hatch during floods to be swept quickly downstream to the sea.  相似文献   

Submerged vegetation of Lakes Sumner,Marion, Katrine,Taylor, and Sheppard in Canterbury,New Zealand     

Maryd De Wemton  John S. Clayton  Rohan D. S. Wells  Chris C. Tanner  Suzanne T. Miller 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):145-151

The submerged vegetation of Lakes Sumner, Marion, Katrine, Taylor, and Sheppard was surveyed in May 1987. These high‐altitude lakes lie at c. 600 m a.s.l., within the largely unmodified upper Hurunui catchment. Submerged vegetation was diverse and included numerous short shallow‐water species, dense swards of Isoetes alpinus, low covers of taller native vascular plants, and charophyte meadows beyond the depth limit of vascular plants to a maximum of 15 m. A sparse deepwater bryophyte community was observed from 11 to 32 m depth in Lake Sumner. Displacement of native vegetation by dense growths of the adventive oxygen weed Elodea canadensis over mid‐depths of 3–6 m was noted in all lakes, except Lake Marion.  相似文献   

Effects of macrophytes and terrestrial inputs on fluorescent dissolved organic matter in a large river system   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Jean-François Lapierre  Jean-Jacques Frenette 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2009,71(1):15-24

  相似文献   

Three-layer model for vertical velocity distribution in open channel flow with submerged rigid vegetation   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

W.X. Huai  Y.H. Zeng  Z.G. Xu  Z.H. Yang 《Advances in water resources》2009

Based on the detailed laboratory experiments and theoretical analysis, a new three-layer model is proposed to predict the vertical velocity distribution in an open channel flow with submerged vegetation. The time averaged velocity and turbulence behaviour of a steady uniform flow with fully submerged artificial rigid vegetation was measured using a 3D Micro ADV, and the vertical distribution of velocity and Reynolds shear stress at different vegetation height, vegetation density and measuring positions were obtained. The results show that the velocity profile consists of three hydrodynamic regimes (i.e. the upper non-vegetated layer, the outer and bottom layer within vegetation); accordingly different methods had been adopted to describe the vertical velocity distribution. For the upper non-vegetated layer, a modified mixing length theory combined with the concept of ‘the new vegetation boundary layer’ was adopted, and an analytical model was presented to predict the vertical velocity distribution in this region. For the bottom layer within vegetation, the depth average velocity was obtained by numerically solving the momentum equations. For the upper layer within vegetation, the analytical solution was presented by expressing the shear stress as a formula fitted to the experimental data. Finally, the analytical predictions of the vertical velocity over the whole flow depth were compared with the results obtained by other researchers, and the good agreement proved that the three-layer model can be used to predict the velocity distribution of the open channel flow with submerged rigid vegetation.  相似文献   

Determining drag coefficients and their application in modelling of turbulent flow with submerged vegetation     

《Advances in water resources》2014

Vegetation is a key aspect of water resources and ecology in natural rivers, floodplains and irrigation channels. The hydraulic resistance of the water flow is greatly changed when submerged vegetation is present. Three kinds of drag coefficients, i.e., the drag coefficient for an isolated cylinder, the bulk drag coefficient of an array of cylinders and the vertically distributed or local drag coefficient, have been commonly used as parameters to represent the vegetation drag force. In this paper, a comprehensive experimental study of submerged stems in an open channel flow is presented. Empirical formulae for the three drag coefficients were obtained based on our experimental results and on data from previous studies. A two-layer model was developed to solve the mean momentum equation, which was used to evaluate the vertical mean velocity profile with each of the drag coefficients. By comparing the velocity distribution model predictions and the measurement results, we found that the model with the drag coefficient for an isolated cylinder and the local drag coefficient was good fit. In addition, the model with the bulk drag coefficient gave much larger velocity values than measurements, but it could be improved by adding the bed friction effect and making choice of the depth-averaged velocity within the canopy layer.  相似文献   

Wave motions around different submerged structures   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Gao Xueping  Inouchi Kunimitsu  Kakinuma Tadao 《海洋学报(英文版)》1998,17(3):363-374

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太湖环棱螺对两种常见沉水植物生长的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

白秀玲  谷孝鸿  张钰 《湖泊科学》2007,19(1):98-102

环棱螺(Bellamya sp.)是太湖常见的一类软体动物.本研究通过室内实验,探讨环棱螺对轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata Royle)和伊乐藻(Elodea nuttalli ST John)生长的影响及水体营养盐含量的变化.结果表明,三种处理情况下,单位质量伊乐藻增加的数量分别为:H组0.475 g,L组0.106 g,C组0.021 g,单位质量轮叶黑藻增加的数量分别为:H组0.704 g,L组0.663 g,C组0.478 g.从实验前后两种沉水植物的长度和分蘖数变化来看,H组最高,L组与C组分别次之,所以不论生物量、长度还是分蘖数的变化量,与环棱螺共存的伊乐藻和轮叶黑藻的变化都高于对照组中两种沉水植物的变化.环棱螺新陈代谢促进水体中溶解态氮磷含量增加,三种情况下水生植物的初级生产力都相当,由此可推测环棱螺通过新陈代谢,一定程度上促进了两种沉水植物的生长.  相似文献