高邮湖的形成和发展   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

廖高明 《地理学报》1992,47(2):139-145

高邮湖地区古为古潟湖浅洼平原,局部浅洼地段有小湖泊。金明昌五年(1194年)黄河夺淮以后,由于治河者多采用在黄河北岸筑堤南岸分流以保漕为主的政策,把大量黄水引泻到淮河流域的广大地区,使高邮湖诸小湖的湖面不断扩大,曾一度发展到五荡十二湖,到了明代后期,才基本上汇为一湖。  相似文献   

STOCHASTIC THEORY OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF SEDIMENT PARTICLES SUSPENDED IN A TURBULENT FLOW     

SHAO Xuejun  XIA Zhenhuan ①Lecturer  Deportment of Hydraulic Engineering  Tsinghua University  Beijing China ②Professor  Department of Hydraulic Engineering Tsinghua University  Beijing  China 《国际泥沙研究》1991,(2)

The random motion of sediment particles suspended in a turbulent flow is studied by means of stochastic process. Results of analysis of particle's frequency response to the random force exerted on the particle due to fluid turbulence suggest that only the lower part of the whole frequency range of the eddy motion will govern the motion of the particle. The mean values of particle velocity and displacement in the vertical direc- tion are calculated and it is found that particle velocity vp- can be decomposed into a mean motion and a velocity fluctuation vp- , where is equal to the fall velocity in tranquil fluid. An Ito^ random differential equation for particle dis- placement Yp is developed, from which a Fokker-Planck equation for the probability density function p(y,t) is derived on the basis of the theory of Markov process, where y denotes the vertical coordinate. The vertical distribution of the particle is thus interrelated to the random motion of the particle. The an effect that a particle will be subject to in the neighborhood or the bottom boundary is taken into consideration and a corresponding Fokker-Planck equation is developed. Analytical solution of the Fok- ker-Planck equation including the lift force effect shows that probability density p(y,t) for the particle displacement has a maximum value at y = H where the perpen- dicular component of the lift force balances the particle gravity. This theoretical result agrees with experimental observations as reported in literature.  相似文献   

SEDIMENT PROBLEMS AT DUJIANGYAN PROJECT     

Xu Muju 《国际泥沙研究》1990,(2)

1. THE GEOGRAPHICAL ENVIRONMENT AND HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THEPROJECTIn the western part of Sichuan Basin, between the Longmen Mountain in the west and theLongquan Mountain in the southeast, lies an alluvial plain of 6500 kmZ formed by the Minjiang Riversystem known as the Chengdu Plain. With its mild climate (average annual temperature 16' 4 C ),fertile soils, rich water resources, and the densely interconnected system of Minjiang and TuojiangRivers, Chengdu …  相似文献   

Riverine dominance of a nearshore marine demersal food web: evidence from stable isotope and C/N ratio analysis     

AM de Lecea  AJ Smit  ST Fennessy 《African Journal of Marine Science》2016,38(1):S181-S192

The Thukela Bank, KwaZulu-Natal, supports a diverse ecosystem and South Africa’s only prawn fishery. Oceanographic studies suggest riverine input is not important for the biology of this system, whereas biological studies suggest the contrary, with prawn catches increasing with increased fluvial run-off. The aim of this study was to determine (i) the importance of riverine and marine organic matter for the Thukela Bank food web; and (ii) whether there are seasonal changes in the Thukela River stable isotope values, and, if so, whether these are reflected in the isotope values of demersal organisms. Estuarine organic matter, sediments and demersal organisms were collected from several sites across the bank in the wet and dry seasons of 2008, 2009 and 2010. Marine particulate organic matter was also collected in 2010 and analysed for δ13C and δ15N, as well as C/N ratios. There were strong seasonal changes in isotopic values of organic matter and fauna, especially faunal δ13C. There was an apparent time-lag in organisms assimilating riverine organic matter isotopic values, with the isotopic signature of demersal organisms reflecting that of riverine organic matter from the previous season, which is likely the result of tissue turnover time. In 2010, Thukela Bank sediment organic matter was of riverine origin and this maintained the demersal food web. We conclude that Thukela River organic matter is an important input to the food web of the Thukela Bank, indicating that any future damming of the catchment area could have serious consequences for this ecosystem.  相似文献   

辽河口海区悬浮体运移扩散动力特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王玉广  鲍永恩 《海洋科学进展》1996,(1)

控制着辽河口海区悬浮体运移的主要动力是河流迳流、潮流和余流．它们对最大浑浊带中河水与海水的混合，密度流循环以及悬浮物的沉降和运移共同起作用．悬浮物向海运移与河口区最大浑浊带有关，即与河流迳流、潮流和余流作用所控制的悬浮物数量有关。悬浮物向海运移似乎遵循两个周期：１．小潮—大湖周期；２．河流迳流丰枯周期．最大运移发生在大潮期和河流迳流丰水期。  相似文献   

长江口海域悬浮颗粒物中铜、铅、镉的化学形态及分布特征研究   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

邵秘华  王正方 《海洋与湖沼》1992,23(2):144-149

研究了重金属Cu,Pb,Cd在长江口及其邻近海域悬浮颗粒中各化学形态间的含量,及其在长江内河段—河海混合界面—海区间的各形态间的迁移转化特征。结果表明,长江口海域中重金属以非残渣相为主要存在形式,其中铁锰氧化物为重要的清除载体;以铁锰氧化物和碳酸盐形式存在的重金属含量受水环境盐度和pH控制;通过多元回归计算求得重金属与pH值、盐度(X_s)、悬浮体(X_(s.s))的多元一次方程。  相似文献   

Resuspension of benthic fluff by tidal currents in deep stratified waters, northern North Sea     

C. F. Jago  S. E. Jones  R. J. Latter  R. R. McCandliss  M. R. Hearn  M. J. Howarth 《Journal of Sea Research》2002,48(4)

Suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentration and properties (particle size and settling velocity), water column and boundary layer dynamics were measured during a 60-d period at a site in 110 m water depth in the northern North Sea. The site was in stratified waters and measurements were made during September–November as the seasonal thermocline was progressively weakening. SPM concentration was low, c. 1 mg dm⁻³ in the surface mixed layer and maximum values of 2 mg dm⁻³ in the bottom mixed layer. The bottom layer was characterised by larger mean particle size. SPM signals in the two layers were decoupled at the start of the period, when the thermocline was strong, but were increasingly coupled as the thermocline progressively weakened. A spring-neap cycle of resuspension and deposition of SPM was observed in the bottom mixed layer. Bed shear stresses were too small to entrain the bottom sediment (a fine sand) but were competent to resuspend benthic fluff: threshold bed shear stress and threshold current velocity at 10 mab were 0.02–0.03 Pa. and 0.18 m s⁻¹, respectively. Maximum SPM concentration in the bottom layer preceded peak spring tide currents by 3 d. Simulation of fluff resupension by the PROWQM model confirms that this was due to a finite supply of benthic fluff: the fluff layer was stripped from the seabed so that fluff supply was zero by the time of peak spring flow. SPM was redeposited over neap tides. Fluff resuspension must have been enhanced by intermittent inertial currents in the bottom layer but unequivocal evidence for this was not seen. There was some resuspension due to wave activity. Settling velocity spectra were unimodal or bimodal with modal values of 2×10⁻⁴–2×10⁻³ mm s⁻¹ (long-term suspension component) and 0.2–5.7 mm s⁻¹ (resuspension component). The slowest settling particles remained in suspension at peak spring tides after the fluff layer had been exhausted. There was evidence of particle disaggregation during springs and aggregation during neaps.  相似文献   

长江口内外悬浮体中Cu,Co的形态变化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

阮正  王正方 《海洋科学》1990,14(5):25-29

  相似文献   

胶州湾红岛码头疏浚物质输移扩散数值预测   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

娄安刚  李凤歧  吴德星  袁道伟  王学昌 《海洋科学》2003,27(12):45-49

利用有限元分步杂交法，首先对胶州湾海域潮流场进行了数值模拟，进而建立了胶州湾疏浚物悬浮泥沙的二维输运——扩散模型，并应用于胶州湾红岛拟建码头疏浚区的疏浚物输运扩散数值模拟预测，根据预测结果分析了红岛码头疏浚区施工期间悬浮泥沙对附近水环境的影响。  相似文献   

长江河口北槽抛泥作业状态下的悬沙浓度分布与扩散过程   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

吴加学  张叔英  任来法 《海洋与湖沼》2003,34(1):83-93

在长江河口北槽抛泥过程中，应用ASSM－Ⅰ型声学悬浮泥沙观测系统观测悬沙浓度的时空分布规律，结合多普勒流速剖面仪走航式断面流速测量。研究发现：（1）泥沙浓度垂向分布形成至少三种结构类型，即上小下大的“L”型和指数型，上大下小的“漂浮”型；（2）受抛泥泥沙输移的影响，断面流场形成低流速区，或分布在水体表、中层，或贯穿整个水体，形成流速切变锋，它们的强度随抛泥泥沙输移扩散逐渐减弱；（3）在落潮流和颗粒重力共同作用下，抛泥泥沙同时存在输移扩散和沉降过程。小潮型抛泥泥沙主要就近扩散和沉降，中潮和大潮型抛泥泥沙输移扩散范围较远。  相似文献