LES-DEM simulations of sediment transport     

Husam Elghannay  Danesh Tafti 《国际泥沙研究》2018,33(2):137-148

In this work, a fully-coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model and Discrete Element Method (DEM) are used to simulate a unidirectional turbulent open-channel flow over the full range of sediment transport regimes. The fluid and particles are computed on separate grids using a dual-grid formulation to maintain consistency and avoid instability issues. The results of coupling the dispersed phase to a multiphase flow solver that uses volume-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are compared to those obtained from coupling through drag to a single flow solver. The current work also examines the applicability and limitations of lumping particles as a representative particle to reduce the cost of simulations. Insight to the impact of different turbulent events to the entrainment of particles is also given. The simulation results of sediment transport from both coupling techniques show good agreement with empirical formulas in the bedload regime, but under-predict sediment transport in the suspended load regime. In the suspended load regime, using partial coupling, the rate of sediment transport was found to be under-predicted as compared to full-coupling. The deviation in results in the suspended load regime was found to increase with increases in the applied shear stress. Both coupling methods revealed the same effect on the friction factor where friction increases in the bedload regime and decreases in the suspended load regime reaching a maximum at the transition between regimes. This result is contrary to past studies which have shown a discrete jump in the friction factor at the transition. Lumping particles as representative particles is shown to reduce the simulation cost by more than a factor of 5 when using a scaling factor of 2. By doing a quadrant analysis on information obtained from particle and flow field results, it was found that most of the particles are entrained by more frequent sweep events.  相似文献   

测深信息处理的最佳小波门限滤波法   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

徐卫明  梁开龙  邱文东 《测绘学报》1999,28(2):133-138

针对测深数据在环境噪声处理中存在的问题,基于离散快速小波变换技术,根据信号检测中的Ｎｅｙｍａｎ－Ｐｅａｒｓｏｎ准则,本文提出了从环境噪声污染的测深信号中重构海底地形信息的最佳小波门限滤波法,从而达到了降低环境噪声对测深信息的影响。  相似文献   

海洋环境规制对海洋资源消耗强度影响研究          下载免费PDF全文

宋宁静 《海洋开发与管理》2023,40(1):74-82

海洋资源是实现中华民族永续发展的重要支撑,降低海洋资源消耗强度、提高海洋资源利用效率是发展海洋经济、破解保护与发展矛盾的必然要求。文章基于2006—2019年我国沿海11个省(自治区、直辖市)面板数据,构建面板模型考察不同类型海洋环境规制工具对海洋资源消耗强度的影响,同时借助门槛回归和中介效应检验分析其非线性影响及内在影响机制。研究发现：(1)命令型环境规制工具会提高海洋资源消耗强度,而市场型环境规制工具对降低海洋资源消耗强度存在边际递增规律;(2)海洋科技创新对降低海洋资源消耗强度发挥促进作用;(3)命令型环境规制工具作用的发挥存在基于市场型环境规制工具的单一门槛效应;(4)产业结构对市场型环境规制和海洋资源消耗强度具有部分中介效应,而在命令型环境规制与海洋资源消耗强度的回归关系中发挥完全中介作用。未来有关部门应适度增强市场型环境规制力度和海洋科技创新,助力降低海洋资源消耗强度。  相似文献   

Using multi-temporal remote sensor imagery to detect earthquake-triggered landslides     

Xiaojun Yang  Liding Chen 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2010

Landslides are a major type of geohazards claiming thousands of casualties and billions of dollars in property damages every year. Catastrophic landslide activities are often triggered by some extreme events such as earthquakes, excessive precipitations, or volcanic eruptions. Quickly identifying the spatial distribution of landslides induced by these extreme events is crucial for coordinating rescue efforts and planning in situ investigations. In this study, we propose an automated method for detecting the spatial distribution of earthquake-triggered landslides by examining after-event vegetation changes. Central to this method is the use of pre- and post-event remote sensor images covering the same area. Geometric correction and radiometric normalization are performed before deriving a vegetation index from each image. Then, an image differencing procedure is applied to the two derived indices. With the resultant difference image, an initial landslide distribution map is generated by highlighting the pixels with a threshold percentage decrease in the brightness values as a direct result of the image subtraction. The threshold percentage value is interactively determined by using a visual interpretation method. The final landslide distribution map is produced after using a modal filter to suppress boundary errors in the initial map. This method has been implemented in a test site, approximately 30 km from the epicenter of the Sichuan earthquake (7.9 Ms) that struck on 12 May 2008. A pre-event Thematic Mapper image and a post-event Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer scene are used. The thematic accuracy assessment indicates that 90% of the landslides have correctly been mapped. Given the relatively simple procedures and the good mapping accuracy, the image processing and change detection method identified in this study seems to be promising from an operational perspective.  相似文献   

不同温度作用下砂岩热开裂的实验研究   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16       下载免费PDF全文

左建平  谢和平  周宏伟  彭苏萍 《地球物理学报》2007,50(4):1150-1155

砂岩的热开裂研究具有广泛的工程背景,本文实时在线观察和研究了不同温度作用下平顶山砂岩的热开裂：温度低于150℃时,砂岩几乎不发生热开裂;温度从150℃升高到300℃过程中大量的热开裂发生.而不同的矿物成分发生热开裂的阈值温度不完全相同,因此热开裂的阈值温度或者阈值温度范围只具有统计意义.砂岩热开裂主要与矿物成分的热学与力学性质有关,除了受到矿物热膨胀不匹配及热膨胀各向异性的影响,更重要的还受到矿物颗粒形状的影响,如热开裂多发生在矿物颗粒的短轴方向、优势结晶取向、颗粒奇异界面等,且热开裂的分布具有随机性.实验还观察到砂岩表面微缺陷发生闭合的全过程,在冷却过程也有微裂纹形成等现象.  相似文献   

基于阈值约束的协克里金法联合反演重力与重力梯度数据          下载免费PDF全文

高秀鹤  曾昭发  孙思源  于平 《地球物理学报》2019,62(3):1037-1045

常规协克里金方法反演重力或重力梯度数据具有抗噪性好、加入先验信息容易等优点,其反演的地下密度分布能够识别异常体中心位置,还原异常体基本形态,但反演图像光滑,分辨率低,这是由于常规方法估计的密度协方差矩阵全局发散、平稳.为了通过协克里金方法获得聚焦的密度分布需要改善密度协方差矩阵的性质.首先,本文推导了理论密度协方差公式,其性质表明,当理论模型聚焦分布时,其密度协方差矩阵是非平稳且聚焦分布的.为了打破常规协方差矩阵全局平稳、发散的特征,本文设置密度阈值处理协方差矩阵,通过不断更新协方差矩阵来迭代实现协克里金反演,最终得到相对聚焦的反演结果.用本文方法处理重力与重力梯度数据恢复两种密度模型,均得到了与正演模型匹配的反演结果;再将方法运用于文顿盐丘的实际测量重力与重力梯度数据,反演结果与已知的地质情况匹配较好.  相似文献   

地震阈值监测技术中的震级校正          下载免费PDF全文

王燕  刘俊民  王晓明  王海军  唐恒专  李靓  唐伟 《地震工程学报》2011,33(4):319-321

地震阈值监测技术能够实现对台网监测能力的实时评估,该方法利用短时平均值(STA)代替A/T来计算震级.为了使STA计算的震级跟传统震级计算结果一致,需要对利用STA计算的震级进行校正.本文通过分析台站检测到的历史事件,选择最优的滤波频带计算log(A/T)与log(STA)之差,得到利用STA计算震级的校正系数.利用新疆地震台网部分台站的数据,分析了阈值监测技术计算的台网监测能力,结果跟实际值基本一致.  相似文献   

基于探空资料的西南区域暴雨环境参数统计分析     

顾天红  杜小玲  李力 《中低纬山地气象》2022,46(2)

利用西南区域11个探空站数据及地面常规观测资料,对2010～2020年196次暴雨过程中表征水汽、热力不稳定、动力条件的10种物理量参数进行统计分析,基于箱线图提取了一些有利于暴雨发生的环境参数阈值。结果表明：（1）对流层中低层近饱和的大气和比湿高值是该区域暴雨发生的有利条件之一;（2）沙氏指数在各季节的阈值均较低,对流有效位能在盛夏时值较高,多对流性暴雨,而初秋对其要求不高,多稳定性暴雨;（3）初夏和盛夏对最大上升速度的要求明显大于初秋,而能量螺旋度主要在初夏才有一定要求。  相似文献   

内蒙古科尔沁沙地起沙近地层动力学阈值的试验研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

李晓岚  张宏升 《高原气象》2012,31(1):38-46

利用内蒙古科尔沁沙地沙尘暴探测与监测试验站2008年和2009年春季沙尘和近地层观测资料,研究了不同沙尘天气条件下沙尘浓度随摩擦速度的变化规律,对比分析了不同天气(晴天、扬沙、沙尘暴和强沙尘暴)入射短波辐射和净辐射的演变,并利用两层高度沙尘浓度差,区分局地起沙和非局地起沙,有效地避免了沙尘水平输送引起的起沙阈值的低估。结果表明,起沙前,摩擦速度和沙尘浓度数值都较低;临近起沙阶段,摩擦速度迅速增大而沙尘浓度基本保持不变;起沙时,摩擦速度数值较高,沙尘浓度迅速增大;沙尘天气减弱阶段,沙尘浓度随摩擦速度近似呈线性减小。科尔沁沙地春季临界起沙摩擦速度u*t和临界起沙风速ut分别为0.62m.s-1和9.5m.s-1,扬沙、沙尘暴和强沙尘暴天气的起沙阈值依次略有增加。与晴天天气相比,沙尘天气到达地面的短波辐射和净辐射明显减少。  相似文献   

一种遥感影像边界无效像元的检测方法及应用     

高娟  王荣彬  马晶  曾超  沈焕锋 《地理空间信息》2012,(2):12-15

遥感数据在进行几何校正或投影变换后常常会在边界形成一些无效像元,这些无效像元会对影像的辐射信息统计、质量评价产生影响。提出了一种基于区域生长的影像边界无效像元检测方法,以4个顶点为种子点,考察种子点周围的所有边界来进行区域增长,通过这些点的区域增长将与无效像元具有相同灰度值属性的相邻像素合并到此区域。以信息熵为例,阐述了该方法在影像统计与质量评价中的应用意义。  相似文献