梭梭荒漠生态系统：Ⅰ初级生产力及其群落结构的动态变化   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

刘晓云  刘速 《中国沙漠》1996,16(3):287-292

通过对梭梭荒漠群落的种类组成、垂直结构、水平结构、季相及梭梭当年生绿色同化枝和草本层的地上植物量的研究，表明在以小半乔木梭梭占主导地位的群落中，丰富的短生植物及长营养期一年生植物均得到较好的发育，说明该群落具有由中亚荒漠向亚洲中部荒漠过渡的性质。而大量单种属或寡种属出现，反映出了梭梭群落具有干旱植物区系的明显特征，与整个新疆植被荒漠植物区系的特征相一致。梭梭群落中建群层片的种类单一，与北疆其它荒漠植被类型相似，而伴生植物的种类组成比其它类型丰富，特别是短生植物及长营养期一年生植物种类较多。初级生产力分别与梭梭当年生绿色同化枝的萌发、生长和脱落，短生植物的迅速生长和死亡，以及长营养期一年生植物的生长有密切关系，分别在５月下旬、６月下旬和８月上旬达到高峰。梭梭当年生绿色同化枝的植物量在其整个群落初级生产力的构成中作用明显。是整个群落初级生产力的７２．３％～８５．８％。  相似文献   

Vegetation change,erosion risk and land management on the Nullarbor Plain,Australia   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

D. Gillieson  P. Wallbrink  A. Cochrane 《Environmental Geology》1996,28(3):145-153

 Arid karst landscapes that have been degraded by human activities provide a challenge for rehabilitation and an opportunity to test ideas about the stability and resilience of limestone ecosystems. The Nullarbor Plain is the largest arid karst area in Australia (220 000 km²) and is divided into extensive closed karstic depressions separated by low rocky ridges, while the dominant vegetation is chenopod shrubland. Since European settlement there has been considerable change in the vegetation, with significant reduction in shrub and grass cover over large areas of the plain. These changes are related to a state and transition model of vegetation dynamics which incorporates climatic variability, fire history and grazing pressure from sheep, kangaroos and rabbits. A partial sediment budget using ¹³⁷Cs inventories reveals local and regional patterns of soil redistribution within this arid karst landscape. Rehabilitation of eroded soil in pastoral lands has been accomplished at several sites but is labour intensive and vulnerable to climatic fluctuations. Given the low stock numbers, limited number of people involved, and poor economic returns, it would be sensible to make pastoral activities on the Nullarbor secondary to conservation priorities. This would necessitate a change in land ethic to stewardship, with emphasis on rehabilitation and control of feral animals. Management of increased numbers of visitors to the caves and karst also requires that resource inventories and management plans for each area be drawn up and used. Received: 1 June 1995 · Accepted: 4 December 1995  相似文献   

Impact of habitat heterogeneity on plant community pattern in Gurbantunggut Desert   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

QIAN Yibing  WU Zhaoning  ZHANG Liyun  SHI Qingdong  JIANG Jin  TANG Lisong 《地理学报(英文版)》2004,14(4):447-455

1IntroductionStudy on the interrelationship between vegetation patterns and their habitat heterogeneity is important to recover and rehabilitate the desert vegetation, stabilize the desert ecosystem and prevent desert expansion. Domestic and foreign researchers have carried out many studies on this topic (Archer etal., 2002; Bolling etal., 2000; Chen etal., 2003; Dasti etal., 1994; Gu etal., 2002, Li etal., 2001; Li etal., 2001; Liang etal., 2003), which have used and refined statistic tech…  相似文献   

Resprout characteristics of creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) when subjected to repeated vehicle damage     

Arthur C. Gibson  M. Rasoul Sharifi  Philip W. Rundel 《Journal of Arid Environments》2004,57(4):411

Studies were conducted in the central Mojave Desert to quantify how creosote bushes (Larrea tridentata) respond to physical damage during large-scale military training exercises. Creosote bush possesses a resilient growth form that recovers from repeated physical damage via resprouts arising from meristems in stem bark below severed or crushed canopy units. At high levels of disturbance by heavy vehicles, nearly all individuals showed measurable breakage, but without additional damage each plant can regain a full canopy within 5 years under arid field conditions. Resprouts exhibited more vigorous growth and doubled the biomass accumulation stimulated by high rainfall of 1998, an El Niño year, vs. a normal year. New shoots of resprouted individuals were markedly different in morphological traits than canopy old growth and had slightly higher predawn shoot water potentials. The natural ability of this evergreen species to recover from cutting and crushing bodes well for re-establishment of creosote bush desert scrub communities following episodes of severe damage by vehicles.  相似文献   

Geochemical Information Indicating the Water Recharge to Lakes and Immovable Megadunes in the Badain Jaran Desert   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

CHEN Jiansheng  ZHAO Xi  SHENG Xuefeng  Wang Jiyang  GU Weizu  and CHEN Liang State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources  Hydraulic Engineering  Hohai University  Nanjing  Jiangsu  E-mail: jschen@hhu.edu.cn Institute of Isotope Hydrology Research  Hohai University  Nanjing  Jiangsu Institute of Geology  Geophysics  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2005,79(4):540-546

1 Introduction The Badain Jaran Desert, located in western Inner Mongolia, China, has a unique landscape containing 144 lakes (72 of which are still watery) with a total water area of about 23 km2, and the world’s highest stationary sand dunes with a height between 200 m and 500 m. Much attention has been paid to the water recharge of the desert in the past decade. Investigations on the resources of water system there have been performed continuously since the early 1990s, which lead to th…  相似文献   

Dynamics of mule deer forage in the Sonoran Desert     

J.P. Marshal  P.R. Krausman  V.C. Bleich 《Journal of Arid Environments》2005,60(4):593-609

Forage availability for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in the Sonoran Desert depends on plant biomass, which is influenced by rainfall. We determined how rainfall, temperature and plant characteristics affected biomass of deer forage. We measured forage biomass, rainfall and temperature every 3 months from April 2000 to December 2002. Quarterly rainfall ranged from <1 to 57 mm, and forage biomass in desert washes fluctuated between 6 and 34 g m⁻². There was a positive relationship between forage biomass and rainfall the previous six months (p<0.001), and a negative relationship between biomass and average temperature the previous 3 months (p<0.001). Quarterly forage growth was positively influenced by rainfall (p<0.001) and negatively influenced by forage biomass (p<0.001). The relationships between deer forage and environmental factors established here will be useful in understanding population ecology of mule deer as part of an interactive model of plant–herbivore dynamics in arid environments.  相似文献   

沙漠沙丘污水处理系统:原理、方法和效果   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈明  刘晓端  陈鸿汉  曹晓娟 《地学前缘》2005,12(Z1):67-72

“沙漠沙丘系统(DDS)”是以地球化学工程学原理为指导的特殊水处理系统,它利用沙漠沙作为滤料,通过“机械过滤”、“化学作用”和“生物作用”净化污染水,一方面可使沙丘变得湿润而不再移动,以固定移动沙漠;另一方面又能净化污染水,最终起到“以害克害、固沙治水、一举多得”的良好综合生态环境效应。DDS是绿色的水处理系统,所需的原料和生成物都属于自然界存在的物质,无二次污染的发生。在DDS设计中,要注意的主要因素应包括:滤料的种类、湿干时间比、微生物培养方式、滤料层厚度、进水水质、时间、温度和pH等。DDS可以把官厅水库水由V类和超V类处理成2~3类水,从而恢复官厅水库的饮用水功能。  相似文献   

古尔班通古特沙漠生物结皮的分布特征   总被引：47，自引：1，他引：47  

张元明  陈晋  王雪芹  潘惠霞  辜智慧  潘伯荣 《地理学报》2005,15(1):53-60

新疆古尔班通古特沙漠是我国最大的固定和半固定沙漠，其间广泛发育着以地衣植物为主的生物结皮，是除种子植物以外的固定沙面的重要生物因子。研究表明，选择适当的时段，应用遥感技术并结合地面调查来研究沙漠生物结皮的空间分布格局是可行的，遥感制图与地面调查的结果基本一致。该沙漠南部是生物结皮最为丰富的区域，各种类型的生物结皮均有充分发育，呈连续分布，但其分布模式向北、向西和向东变得破碎。通过统计生物结皮像元的面积，得到生物结皮覆盖率超过33％的像元面积占研究区总面积的28．7％。生物结皮的分布对地貌部位有较强的选择性，生物结皮的不同发育阶段种类组成亦有较大的差别。  相似文献   

Late Quaternary lake evolution in the Gaxun Nur basin,central Gobi Desert,China, based on quartz OSL and K‐feldspar pIRIR dating of paleoshorelines     

《第四纪科学杂志》2017,32(3):347-361

  相似文献   

巴丹吉林沙漠北缘拐子湖流沙下垫面近地层湍流强度和陆面过程特征     

郑新倩  杨帆  李超凡  潘红林  吉春容  买买提艾力&#  买买提依明  霍文  杨兴华  周成龙 《中国沙漠》2019,39(4):103-112

利用巴丹吉林沙漠北缘拐子湖流沙下垫面2013年7、10月和2014年1、4月的湍流通量资料，计算并分析了研究区近地层湍流强度，同时针对风速分量、温度、水汽和CO₂归一化标准差随稳定度的变化关系和总体输送系数等陆面过程特征进行分析。结果表明：（1）风速各分量的湍流强度均随风速的增加逐渐减小，风速处于2 m·s^-1以下时湍流发展最为旺盛。湍流强度主要由水平方向风速分量决定，垂直方向风速的作用较小，且近中性和不稳定层结利于湍流的发展。与其他地区相比，平坦且没有建筑物的沙漠地区，机械湍流较弱，湍流强度相应较小。（2）风速各分量的归一化标准差与稳定度（z/L）均满足1/3次方函数规律，其中垂直方向风速分量的拟合曲线方程较好。（3）动量输送系数C_d具有明显的夏季高、冬季低的变化状态且各月的日变化形态均呈夜间低、日间高的循环形态。热量输送系数C_h的不同月份日变化间并没有明显的排列次序，且日出日落前后具有明显的波动。不稳定层结时，C_d和C_h均随风速的增加逐渐减小；稳定层结时，C_d和C_h均随着风速的增加逐渐上升。  相似文献