Review of Global Ocean Intermediate Water Masses: 1.Part A, the Neutral Density Surface (the ‘McDougall Surface’) as a Study Frame for Water-Mass Analysis     

Yuzhu You )  )  * ) The University of Sydney Institute of Marine Science 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2006,(3)

1Preface Todescribeoceanicintermediatewatermasses,itis necessarytohaveawell definedstudyframeorsurfacebecauseofthefluctuationnatureofintermediatewa ters.Itiswellunderstoodthatoceanicwater mass mixingdoesnotalignwitheitheraconstantgeopoten tialdepthorapropertysurfacesuchastemperature,salinity,pressureanddensitysurfacesbutfollowsa neutraldensitysurface.Thisisbecauseawaterparcelmovesasmalldistanceisentropicallyandadiabaticallyontheneutraldensitysurfacewithoutdoingworka gainstabuoyantrestoringforc…  相似文献   

Spectral-type simulation of spatially correlated fracture set properties     

Stanley M. Miller  Leon E. Borgman 《Mathematical Geology》1985,17(1):41-52

Fracture set properties such as orientation, spacing, trace length, and waviness tend to be spatially correlated. These properties can be efficiently simulated by spectral analysis procedures that take advantage of the computational speed of the fast Fourier transform. The covariance function of each property to be simulated is obtained from the variogram function estimated from mapped fracture set data and is typically referenced to the mean vector of the set. Simulation procedures for normally and exponentially distributed data involve generating uncorrelated Fourier coefficients that are assigned proper variance according to the spectral density, which is the Fourier transform of the covariance function. These coefficients are then reverse Fourier transformed to produce simulated set properties that have the desired variance and variogram function.  相似文献   

东坪金矿Ⅰ号脉深部“尖灭”与“再现”处的红外光谱特征     

刘雪梅  刘本立 《地质与勘探》1996,(1)

对东坪金矿１号脉深部系统采样并进行红外光谱光密度测定，得出了金矿化的＂尖灭＂与＂再现＂部位的规律性认识。这种认识被深部钻探结果证实。这种规律性对于勘探工程有实际指导意义。  相似文献   

BOOK REVIEWS     

《The Professional geographer》1988,40(3):347-378

Books reviewed in this article: The Mexican Colonial Copper Industry. Elinore M. Barrett . The Control Revolution: Technological and Economic Origins of the Information Society . James R. Beniger . Land Degradation and Society . Piers M. Blaikie And Harold C. Brookfield , Eds . La carte, mode d'emploi. Roger Brunet . France: les dynamiques du territoire . Roger Brunet AND Jacques Sallois , EDS. At the Crossroads—The Mineral Problems of the United States . Eugene N. Cameron . A Census of One Billion People , Papers for International Seminar on China's 1982 Population Census. Li Chengrui , ED. Les Milieux “Naturels” du Globe . Jean Demangeot . The Geophysiology of Amazonia: Vegetation and Climate Interactions : Robert E. Dickinson , ED. Tenn-Tom Country . James F. Doster And David C. Weaver . Family Farming in Europe and America . Boguslaw Galeski And Eugene Wilkening , EDS. The Geography of Urban Transportation . Susan Hanson , Ed. Combating Desertification in Developing Countries . J. K. Jain , ED. Cartography in France—1660–1848. Science, Engineering and Statecraft . Josef W. Konvitz . Distribution of Distances in Pregeographical Space . Hans Kuiper . Physical Geography Lab Manual: A New Experimental Approach . Neal G. Lineback And John M. Harlin . Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation , 2nd ed. Tom L. Mc Knight . The Desert Is No Lady: Southwestern Landscapes in Women's Writing and Art . Vera Norwood And Janice Monk , EDS. France: A Geographical, Social, and Economic Survey . Philippe Pinchemel , translated, by D. Elkins and T. H. Elkins. Gene Banks and the World's Food . Donald L. Plucknett , Nigel J. H. Smith , J. T. Williams , And N. Murthi Anishetty . Latin American Development: Geographical Perspectives . David Preston , Ed. Making Sense of Development: An Introduction to Classical and Contemporary Theories of Development and Their Application to Southeast Asia . P. W. Preston . The History of the Countryside. Oliver Rackham . The Third World in Perspective . H. A. Reitsma AND J. M. G. Kleinpenning . The Industrial Geography of Australia . David C. Rich . The Recruiting Game , 2nd Ed., revised. John F. Rooney , JR. A Cultural Geography of North American Indians . Thomas E. Ross AND Tyrel G. Moore , EDS. Eastern Europe . Dean S. Rugg . Human Territoriality: Its Theory and History . Cambridge Studies in Historical Geography: 7. Robert David Sack . Experimental Fluvial Geomorphology . Stanley A. Schumm , M. Paul Mosley , AND William E. Weaver . The New Urban Landscape . David Schuyler . Atlas of American Women . Barbara Gimla Shortridge . Impacts of Hazardous Technology: The Psycho-Social Effects of Restarting TMI-1 . John Sorensen , Jon Soderstrom , Emily Copenhaver , Sam Carnes AND Robert Bolin . Modern Physical Geography , 3rd Ed., (Third Edition). Arthur N. Strahler AND Alan H. Strahler . India: Economic Resource Base and Contemporary Political Patterns . B. L. Sukhwal .  相似文献   

Inversion of temperature measurements in lake sediment     

P. Y. Shen  A. E. Beck 《Geophysical Journal International》1988,94(3):545-558

  相似文献   

Brightness,polarization and electron density of the solar corona of 1980 february 16     

K. R. Sivaraman  M. Jayachandran  K. K. Scaria  G. S. D. Babu  S. P. Bagare  A. P. Jayarajan 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》1984,5(2):149-158

During the eclipse of 1980 February 16 we photographed the solar corona at an effective wavelength of 6300 å. Using a quadruple camera we also obtained the coronal pictures in polarized light for four Polaroid orientations. We have used these observations to derive the coronal brightness and polarization and from these the electron densities in the corona out to a distance of about 2.5 R⊙ from the centre of the disc. The coronal brightness matches well with that of the corona of 1958 October 12.  相似文献   

干振碎石桩复合地基处理及其效果     

程礼来  武开文  孟凡奇  牛二元  程礼来 《河南国土资源》1996,(3)

干振碎石桩是处理松软地基土的一种行之有效的方法，它是挤密桩的一种。新乡市地方铁路处仓库场地经干振碎石桩地基处理后，桩间土密实度有明显的提高，液化指数大幅度降低，复合地基承载力相应提高，满足了设计要求。  相似文献   

青藏高原地表位涡密度强迫对2008年1月中国南方降水过程的影响Ⅱ:数值模拟   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

于佳卉  刘屹岷  马婷婷  吴国雄 《气象学报》2018,76(6):887-903

青藏高原东坡近地表的辐合能够增加地表的位涡密度（PVD）。高耸的青藏高原与等熵面相切, 其东坡近地表增加的位涡密度成为等熵面边界上的位涡密度强迫源。利用IAP/LASG FAMIL全球大气环流模式探究青藏高原地表位涡密度增长对2008年初中国华南地区雨雪灾害天气形成的影响。首先与观测资料对比发现, 通过张弛逼近动力初始化, 在参照试验中, 模式能够比较合理地再现青藏高原东部的地表位涡密度增长和1月24-27日中国华南的大气环流场及降水场。而在高原的地表位涡密度增长减弱的敏感性试验中高原下游区域特别是华南沿海、广西到山东一带的降水明显减小甚至消失。对结果的分析表明:青藏高原区域的地表位涡密度增长在低空能够增强中国华南沿海地区的南风和水汽输送以及负的绝对涡度平流输送;在高空, 高原上产生的正的位涡密度沿西风环流向下游输送, 形成高层正的绝对涡度平流。从而在高原下游形成绝对涡度平流随高度增强的大尺度环流背景, 有利于上升运动发展。同时, 高原地表位涡密度增长在低空所激发的气旋式环流增加了华南的水汽输送, 最终激发了华南极端降水的产生。该个例模拟的结果证实了青藏高原东部的地表位涡密度强迫激发其下游极端天气发生的一种新机制。   相似文献   

隐式等权重粒子滤波在高维准地转模式中的特性研究     

陈妍  朱孟斌  张卫民  曹小群 《气象学报》2018,76(2):255-265

粒子滤波自从被引入资料同化领域以来,对于高维系统存在的粒子衰退问题一直困扰着资料同化领域的研究。隐式等权重粒子滤波（Implicit Equal-Weights Particle Filter,IEWPF）通过在高维的状态空间维数的前提下,隐式从每个粒子都具有特殊协方差的提议密度中进行采样,构建等权重的粒子集合,从而解决高维系统的粒子衰退问题。通过在高维准地转模式中应用IEWPF方法,验证了IEWPF的系统一致性和资料同化效果。通过对水平动能谱的检验,验证了IEWPF可以保持系统的原始平衡特性。通过IEWPF与等权重粒子滤波（Equivalent Weights Particle Filter,EWPF）的对比试验发现,两者的资料同化分析场非常接近,但在运行效率上,IEWPF远优于EWPF。同时,IEWPF也为解决一系列的资料同化问题,比如参数估计,提供了新的解决途径。   相似文献   

基于降水条件的城镇化与植被覆盖协调发展研究     

温小洁  姚顺波  赵敏娟 《地理科学进展》2018,37(10):1352-1361

为探讨城镇化发展与植被覆盖状况的协调发展关系,本文以黄河中上游的144个县域单元为研究对象,基于2000、2005、2010及2015年4期的县域经济发展数据及MODIS-NDVI数据,通过门槛回归模型,以影响研究区域植被覆盖最主要的降水因素作为门槛变量,具体分析不同降水条件下城镇化发展对植被覆盖的影响,并提出以保护植被覆盖为基础的差异化城镇化发展策略。结果表明：①随着城镇化的推进,植被覆盖会进一步遭到破坏,但降水因素在城镇化影响植被覆盖的过程中可发挥显著的正向调节作用,从而促进城镇化与植被覆盖的协调发展;②实现城镇化与植被覆盖的协调发展,不仅取决于自身的降水条件,还依赖于当地的生态工程建设及产业结构优化升级等多种因素。其中,退耕还林(草)政策的实施可加速植被覆盖的修复进程,提高区域环境的生态承载力,有效缓解城镇化发展带给植被覆盖的负面影响;③第二产业在经济发展中的比重增加会给植被覆盖带来严重威胁,阻碍城镇化与植被覆盖的协调发展,尤其是在年均降水量较少且生态脆弱的地区。  相似文献