近55年中国大陆地区降水突变的区域特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

向辽元  陈星  黎翠红  郑京华 《湖北气象》2007,26(2):149-153

利用中国大陆1951～2003年160站较为完整的降水观测资料,采用Mann-Kendall检验法和小波分析方法,确定了中国大陆不同区域降水突变事件的大致时间,研究揭示了近55年中国大陆降水突变事件变化的区域特征。得出如下结论:(1)近55年来,中国大陆年平均降水量正在逐步减少。华北地区、四川盆地和东北地区年降水量减少明显。年降水量增加的区域位于长江中下游及其以南地区,另外,西北部分地区和青藏高原南部略有增加。(2)中南地区和青藏云地区年降水在20世纪90年代中后期出现突变,华北地区降水突变出现在20世纪70年代中期,东北地区突变出现在20世纪60年代中期,华南地区降水在20世纪70年代初期出现突变。  相似文献   

Flux contribution of coherent structures and its implications for the exchange of energy and matter in a tall spruce canopy   总被引：2，自引：5，他引：2  

Christoph Thomas  Thomas Foken 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2007,123(2):317-337

The flux contribution of coherent structures to the total exchange of energy and matter is investigated in a spruce canopy of moderate density in heterogeneous, complex terrain. The study deploys two methods of analysis to estimate the coherent exchange: conditional averages in combination with wavelet analysis, and quadrant analysis. The data were obtained by high-frequency single-point measurements using sonic anemometers and gas analysers at five observation heights above and within the canopy and subcanopy, and represent a period of up to 2.5 months. The study mainly addresses the momentum transfer and exchange of sensible heat throughout the roughness sublayer, while results are provided for the exchange of carbon dioxide and water vapour above the canopy. The magnitude of the flux contribution of coherent structures largely depends on the method of analysis, and it is demonstrated that these differences are attributed to differences in the sampling strategy between the two methods. Despite the differences, relational properties such as sweep and ejection ratios and the variation of the flux contribution with height were in agreement for both methods. The sweep phase of coherent structures is the dominant process close to and within the canopy, whereas the ejections gain importance with increasing distance to the canopy. The efficiency of the coherent exchange in transporting scalars exceeds that for momentum by a factor of two. The occurrence of coherent structures results in a flux error less than 4% for the eddy-covariance method. Based on the physical processes identified from the analysis of the ejection and sweep phases along the vertical profile in the roughness sublayer, a classification scheme for the identification of exchange regimes is developed. This scheme allows one to estimate the region of the canopy participating in the exchange of energy and matter with the above-canopy air under varying environmental conditions.  相似文献   

基于中值滤波和小波变换的天气雷达回波图像处理          下载免费PDF全文

赵悦  陈家华  章建军  张为  程婷 《气象科学》2007,27(1):63-68

本文提出了一种中值滤波和小波变换相结合的天气雷达回波图像处理方法,分别从目标回波的视觉角度和统计量的客观角度对处理后图像进行了分析。实验结果表明,本文算法实现了去除回波图像中高斯和脉冲混合噪声的目的,有效的保留了回波图像边缘细节,视觉效果好,层次感较为丰富,处理效果明显优于传统图像处理方法,为自动识别回波种类的研究提供了良好的基础。  相似文献   

小波分析若干应用模型及在测绘中的应用和展望＊   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱长青  杨启和 《测绘工程》1998,7(1):19-24

小波分析是８０年代中期发展起来的应用数学理论,在众多学科领域取得了广泛的应用。文中首先对小波分析的发展作了简要概述,然后介绍了小波分析在测绘中的应用,对小波分析若干与测绘相关的应用模型进行了分析和讨论,并对小波分析在测绘中的应用前景作了展望。  相似文献   

利用小波包算法实现快速近似K-L变换   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

朱述龙  陈虹 《测绘学院学报》1998,(3)

分析了 K-L变换的不足 ,研究了利用小波包算法实现快速近似 K-L变换的问题 ,并对两种算法的复杂度进行了比较。实验结果表明 :提出的快速近似 K-L变换算法在精度和速度两个方面都具有明显的优势。  相似文献   

基于多分辨分析的滤波算法在SAR图像斑点噪声消除中的应用     

倪秀平  肖国超  万志龙 《测绘学院学报》1998,(2)

合成孔径雷达 (SAR)图像一般都存在相干噪声 ,对地物信息的提取及 SAR图像应用的干扰非常严重 ,对此许多人提出了不少处理方法 ,并分析对比了多种滤波算法 ,认为改良 K -均值自适应滤波效果最佳。本文中分析了改良 K -均值自适应滤波法的数学基础的局限性 ,并采用了一种基于多分辨分析的滤波算法 ,该算法通过将噪声 (或较小的结构特征 )与较大的结构特征相分离 ,然后滤出噪声 (或较小的结构特征 ) ,从而达到消除斑点噪声的目的。实验结果证明 ,基于多分辨分析的滤波算法在消除 SAR图像的斑点噪声方面优于改良 K -均值自适应滤波法。  相似文献   

甘肃省河东地区伏旱的小波分析   总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

张存杰董安祥  白虎志张焕儒 《应用气象学报》1998,9(3):291-297

该文阐述了小波变换的基本思路和优点,并对甘肃省河东地区1951～1995年伏期干旱强度指数分别用墨西哥帽型小波和Haar型小波进行了分析。结果表明:甘肃省河东地区的伏旱由不同尺度的振荡构成,中部地区的伏旱准19年的振荡周期较明显,有2个上升和2个下降阶段;陇东和陇南地区准22年和准10年的振荡周期较明显,有1个上升和2个下降阶段。对原时间序列进行了不同尺度的重构,说明小波分析可以用于滤波。  相似文献   

Multi-Time Scale Analysis of Runoff at the Yangtze Estuary Based on the Morlet Wavelet Transform Method   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

KUANG Cui-ping  SU Ping  GU Jie  CHEN Wu-jun  ZHANG Jian-le  ZHANG Wan-lei  ZHANG Yong-feng 《山地科学学报》2014,(6):1499-1506

Runoff series of the Yangtze River presents an intricate variation tendency under the reinforced influence of human activities.The Morlet Wavelet Transform method has been applied to analyze the annual runoff data from 1950 to 2011 at the Yangtze River Estuary.It can clearly reveal the multi-time scales structure,break point,change and distribution of periodic variation in the different time scales of the runoff series.The main conclusions are that：1） Repeated periodic oscillations accompanied by an extremely large fluctuation are presented in the runoff series with an obvious difference between wet and dry years,and the major periods of the time series are about 3,8,16 and 23 years respectively.Among them,the presented maximum periodic oscillation is 23 years scale.2） In the 23-year time scale,the wet periods are 1950-1958,1969-1980 and 1992-2003,and the dry periods are 1959-1968,1981-1991 and 2004-2011.3） It can be predicted from the view of long time scales that the low annual runoff will likely occur in the near future.  相似文献   

小波分析在雷击大气电场波形去噪分析中的应用   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李振亚  肖稳安  张其林  白筱璐  马忠安 《气象科学》2014,34(3):282-287

雷击时大气电场信号中混杂的噪声信号影响对真实大气电场信号的分析、提取和使用。文中通过计算仿真信号和去噪前后真实电场信号的均方误差,分析选取不同的小波函数、阈值法和小波分解层数对去噪效果产生的影响。考虑雷击时大气电场信号的信噪比,选用sym5小波和db5小波与minimaxi和rigrsure阈值法结合,且对小波的分解层数选用6~7层,进行大气电场波形的去噪处理,其去噪效果比较理想。最后,将该方法用于实际雷击大气电场波形数据的去噪处理,对雷击时电场波形的突变性检测中,在20个样本中有14个在首次雷击前1.5~2 h具有突变过程,占70%,这为将大气电场仪资料引入其他气象参数预报模型提供了切入点。  相似文献   

Wavelet-based detection of bush encroachment in a savanna using multi-temporal aerial photographs and satellite imagery     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2015

Although increased woody plant abundance has been reported in tropical savannas worldwide, techniques for detecting the direction and magnitude of change are mostly based on visual interpretation of historical aerial photography or textural analysis of multi-temporal satellite images. These techniques are prone to human error and do not permit integration of remotely sensed data from diverse sources. Here, we integrate aerial photographs with high spatial resolution satellite imagery and use a discrete wavelet transform to objectively detect the dynamics in bush encroachment at two protected Zimbabwean savanna sites. Based on the recently introduced intensity-dominant scale approach, we test the hypotheses that: (1) the encroachment of woody patches into the surrounding grassland matrix causes a shift in the dominant scale. This shift in the dominant scale can be detected using a discrete wavelet transform regardless of whether aerial photography and satellite data are used; and (2) as the woody patch size stabilises, woody cover tends to increase thereby triggering changes in intensity. The results show that at the first site where tree patches were already established (Lake Chivero Game Reserve), between 1972 and 1984 the dominant scale of woody patches initially increased from 8 m before stabilising at 16 m and 32 m between 1984 and 2012 while the intensity fluctuated during the same period. In contrast, at the second site, which was formely grass-dominated site (Kyle Game Reserve), we observed an unclear dominant scale (1972) which later becomes distinct in 1985, 1996 and 2012. Over the same period, the intensity increased. Our results imply that using our approach we can detect and quantify woody/bush patch dynamics in savanna landscapes.  相似文献