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151.
霞石正长岩是重要的炼铝资源和陶瓷、玻璃原料。文中利用扫描电镜、X衍射、红外线、电子探针等,综合分析方法对黑英山霞石正长岩的矿物学特征作了详细研究。着重描述了岩石的矿物组合、矿物生成及变化特征。对主要矿物进行了化学成分及X衍射分析,测得霞石成分:SiO_243.66%,Al_2O_330.97%,K_2O4.23%,Na_2O18.46%(Na_2O高于其它地区的霞石)。根据霞石单矿物实测成分计算出其晶体化学分子式为:(K_(0.525)Na_(3.528)Ca_(0.012))_(4.065)[Cr_(0.010)Al-(3.559)Mg_(0.009)Fe_(0.054)Mn_(0.012)Ti_(0.008)Si_(4.258)O_(16)];测得霞石的主要X衍射d值为:0.302~0.303,0.386~0.389,0.1388~0.1391(nm)。测得微斜长石的成分:SiO_264.82%,Al_2O_319.68%,K_2O11.77%,Na_2O2.30%,求得其三斜度△=0.83~1.00,属低微斜长石。通过霞石正长岩中钾长石与霞石矿物中对K原子分配值计算和作图,解得矿物生成温度为400~500℃。测得岩石中的钠长石主要为低钠长石,属后期交代矿物。 相似文献
152.
丁世荣 《地球科学与环境学报》1997,(Z1)
本文用费曼的路径积分方法求解出自由电子经狭缝衍射后的量子态及在观察屏处的几率分布,所得结果与光子的夫琅和费衍射相同。 相似文献
153.
S. C.?Tarantino M.?ZemaEmail author M.?Pistorino M. C.?Domeneghetti 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2003,30(10):590-598
Structural investigations at high temperature were carried out on natural columbite samples across the join Fe(Nb0.95Ta0.05)2O6–Mn(Nb0.95Ta0.05)2O6. The samples were preliminarily annealed to attain the complete cation-ordered state and avoid the superimposition of the effects of cation ordering during high-temperature studies. Unit-cell parameters of three columbites with different XFe content were measured at regular intervals in the temperature range 25–900 °C using single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The crystal structures of completely ordered ferrocolumbite and manganocolumbite were also refined from intensity data collected at room temperature, 300 and 600 °C. Structural thermal expansion coefficients show positive, linear expansion of a, b, c lattice constants and cell volume. In general, slightly higher expansion occurs along a and c directions. However, anisotropy decreases sharply with decreasing Fe content. Reversibility of thermal expansion in the investigated temperature range was checked by high-temperature diffraction studies under heating-up and cooling-down conditions. Impurities do not play an important role in thermal expansion of columbites; expansion coefficients measured on two crystals of the same sample characterized by different Ti content are in fact almost identical. Structural changes with temperature essentially affect bond lengths: volumes of both A and B octahedral sites increase linearly with temperature, whereas interpolyhedral geometrical parameters do not vary significantly. 相似文献
154.
X射线荧光光谱分析检出限问题的探讨与建议 总被引:12,自引:5,他引:7
对有关X射线荧光光谱分析低含量元素的检出限问题进行了多方面的探讨。从检出限的定义及其定义下的相对标准偏差到各种不同测量、校准与校正方法的检出限及其相对应的相对标准偏差进行计算。提出了以定义检出限的相对标准偏差为基准,对各种测量方法计算出的检出限进行重新界定,从而确认一个具有可比性的、精度一致的检出限。同时还讨论了仪器与X光管固有杂质元素谱线对该元素检出限的影响;测量仪器、测量条件与测量时间对检出限的影响;不同岩性试样对检出限的影响;检出限与测定限等问题。 相似文献
155.
Webster Cash 《Experimental Astronomy》2003,16(2):91-136
For the astronomer, X-ray interferometry is the theory and practice of building dilute aperture telescopes for studying celestial X-ray sources. The short wavelengths and high surface brightness of X-ray sources will make the eventual scientific payoff very high, with direct imaging of the event horizons of black holes as the centerpiece. In this article, we review the history of X-ray interferometry and discuss the recent technical developments toward astronomical applications. We present several mission concepts and show they are achievable with todays technology. 相似文献
156.
YU Wen-fei 《天文研究与技术》2003,(1):12-15
最近对低质量X射线双星中的千赫兹准周期振动的研究表明 ,是辐射压力 ,而不是盘和磁球的相互作用以及处于盘内边界的广义相对论效应在短时标的盘切断机制上起作用。本文给出了一些研究结果及讨论。 相似文献
157.
We constructed a grid of relativistic models for standard high-relative-luminosity accretion α-disks around supermassive Kerr black holes (BHs) and computed X-ray spectra for their hot, effectively optically thin inner parts by taking into account general-relativity effects. They are known to be heated to high (~106–109 K) temperatures and to cool down through the Comptonization of intrinsic thermal radiation. Their spectra are power laws with an exponential cutoff at high energies; i.e., they have the same shape as those observed in active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Fitting the observed X-ray spectra of AGNs with computed spectra allowed us to estimate the fundamental parameters of BHs (their mass and Kerr parameter) and accretion disks (luminosity and inclination to the line of sight) in 28 AGNs. We show that the Kerr parameter for BHs in AGNs is close to unity and that the disk inclination correlates with the Seyfert type of AGN, in accordance with the unification model of activity. The estimated BH masses Mx are compared with the masses Mrev determined by the reverberation mapping technique. For AGNs with luminosities close to the Eddington limit, these masses agree and the model under consideration may be valid for them. For low-relative-luminosity AGNs, the differences in masses increase with decreasing relative luminosity and their X-ray emission cannot be explained by this model. 相似文献
158.
Biomass Burning in Southern Africa: Individual Particle Characterization of Atmospheric Aerosols and Savanna Fire Samples 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Xiande Liu Piet Van Espen Freddy Adams Jan Cafmeyer Willy Maenhaut 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2000,36(2):135-155
Ambient atmospheric aerosols and savanna fireparticulate emission samples from southern Africa werecharacterised in terms of particle classes and theirnumber abundance by electron probe X-ray microanalysis(EPXMA). About ten particle classes were identifiedfor each sample. The major classes werealuminosilicates and sea salts for ambient coarse(2–10 m equivalent aerodynamic diameter (EAD))samples, and K-S and S-only particles for ambient fine(<2 m EAD) samples. The K-S particles are oneof the major products of biomass burning. The EPXMAresults were found to be consistent with the resultsfrom bulk analyses on a sample by sample basis. Forsavanna fire fine samples, quantitative EPXMA revealedthat many particles had a composition of simple saltssuch as KCl. Some particles had a deviatingcomposition in the sense that more ionic species wereinvolved in sustaining the balance between cations andanions, and they were composite or mixed salts.Because of extensive processing during the atmospherictransport, the composition of the K-S particles in theambient samples was different from K2SO4,and such particles were enriched with S. The finepyrogenic KCl particles and the fine sea-saltparticles were much depleted in chlorine. 相似文献
159.
从高铝粉煤灰中提取非晶态SiO2的实验研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
为了有效提高高铝粉煤灰的Al/Si比,为提取氧化铝奠定基础,研究了用NaOH从高铝粉煤灰中提取非晶态SiO2的最佳工艺条件,并对提硅反应的机理进行了探讨。首先根据高铝粉煤灰的化学与物相组成特点,确立了利用NaOH提取非晶态SiO2的基本技术路线;然后用正交实验法确定了提硅的最佳条件:NaOH的浓度25%,灰碱质量比1∶0.5,反应温度95℃,反应时间4 h。经最佳条件反应之后,SiO2的提取率达到了41.8%,灰中Al2O3的含量由48.5%增加到了57.38%,Al2O3/SiO2质量比由1.29提高到了2.39。 相似文献
160.