Life strategies of Halobatrachus didactylus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) in the Tagus estuary: Comparison among different morphotypes     

Tadeu José Pereira  Gilda Silva  Maria José Costa  José Lino Costa 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

The Lusitanian toadfish, Halobatrachus didactylus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801), is a subtropical sound-producing marine teleost that inhabits estuaries and other brackish water ecosystems in its northern distribution area. The relative isolation of populations within estuaries may cause important modifications in the bio-ecology of this species. The males of this species present two morphotypes which are more accurately distinguishable during the reproductive season. In the Tagus estuary population, the two types of reproductive males were present: type I, the “characteristic” morphotype, and type II, the alternative morphotype. The opportunistic males had more developed testis while type I males had more developed accessory glands. Type I males presented more developed swimbladders and larger body size and live longer than type II males. On the contrary, type II males grew faster and matured earlier. The feeding habits of the two male morphotypes were similar during the reproductive season but differences were found between reproductive specimens and non-reproductive specimens. The diet of reproductive specimens was mainly composed of benthic prey in contrast to predominance of nectobenthic prey in the diet of non-reproductive specimens. The females of H. didactylus generally had an intermediate pattern between the two male morphotypes. The percentage of type II males tended to be higher in denser areas of the estuary. In comparison with populations from different size ecosystems, smaller ecosystems revealed important modifications on the bio-ecology of the species due to the increased competition for nesting sites and mating partners, favouring alternative male tactics.  相似文献   

西南地区持续性气候事件的未来变化预估   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡祖恒  李永华  胡跃文  王勇 《气象科学》2020,40(6):829-837

利用RegCM4.0区域气候模式单向嵌套BCC_CSM1.1模式输出资料进行连续积分获得的模拟预估数据,对西南地区未来2025-2055年在两种温室气体排放情景下持续性干期和持续湿期事件的特征及其相对于历史基准期的变化进行了预估分析。结果表明,最长持续干期和湿期在RCP4.5和RCP8.5两种情景下的变化趋势不一致,RCP8.5情景下的最长湿期和持续湿期事件的发生频次相较RCP4.5并没有大幅增加,而是比RCP4.5情景具有更高的年际变率特征。相对于历史基准期,两种情景下的最长持续性气候事件的日数和发生频次在西南地区的东南部区域显著性增加,而在川西高原地区显著减少。对于持续干期发生的频次FCDD和最长持续湿期而言,四川中部以及四川、云南和贵州三省邻接处在RCP4.5情景下表现为显著增加的区域在RCP8.5情景下转变为显著减少。未来几十年西南地区持续性湿期和干期的分布特征可能更加趋于不均匀。  相似文献   

中国气温未来情景的降尺度模拟   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

范泽孟  岳天祥  陈传法  孙晓芳 《地理研究》2011,30(11):2043-2051

由于GCM模拟的气温数据分辨率不高,很难用于区域尺度上各种生态系统的模拟。本文基于长时间序列（1964～2007年）的全国气温观测数据,结合经纬度数据、以及DEM、坡向、坡度等系列地形特征数据,利用空间统计方法,在构建年平均气温降尺度模型的基础上,运用高精度曲面建模（HASM）方法对HadCM3的A1Fi、A2a和B2...  相似文献   

BOOK REVIEWS     

《The Professional geographer》1987,39(3):363-386

Book Reviewed in this article: Hillslope Processes. Binghamton Symposia in Geomorphology International Series: 16. Athol D. Abrahams , ed. The Atlas of Central America and the Caribbean. The Diagram Group . The Cultural Atlas of Islam. Isma'il R. al Faruqi and Lois Lamaya'al Faruqi . Atlas of Israel Contemporary Africa: Development, Culture and the State. Morag Bell . Fundamentals of Physical Geography. David Briggs and Peter Smithson . The Bicentennial Census: New Directions for Methodology in 1990. Constance F. Citro and Michael L. Cohen , eds . World Patterns of Modern Urban Change: Essays in Honor of Chauncy D. Harris. Michael P. Conzen , ed . New Directions for Agriculture and Agricultural Research: Neglected Dimensions and Emerging Alternatives. Kenneth A. Dahlberg , ed . Water Resources Atlas of Florida. E.A. Fernald and D.J. Patton , eds . Landscape Ecology. R.T.T. Forman and M. Godron . The Myth of the North American City: Continentalism Challenged. Michael Goldberg and John Mercer . The Permafrost Environment. Stuart A. Harris . Climate and Circulation of the Tropics. Stefan Hastenrath . The Island of South Georgia. Robert Headland . The Making of Urban Europe, 1000-1950. Paul M. Hohenberg and Lynn Hollen Lees . Bombay in Transition: The Growth and Social Ecology of a Colonial City, 1889–1980. Meera Kosambi . Plant Closings; Public or Private Choices? Richard B. McKenzie , ed . Malaysia: Tradition, Modernity and Islam. R.S. Milne and Diane K. Mauzy . Technology on the Frontier: Mining in Old Ontario. Dianne Newell . The Maritime Political Boundaries of the World. J.R.V. Prescott . Tall Office Buildings in the United States. James W. Pygman and Richard Kateley (Real Estate Research Corporation). Technology, Regions, and Policy. John Rees , ed . The United States and the Regional Organization of Asia and the Pacific: 1965-1985. W.W. Rostow . Renewable Energy: Progress, Prospects. Stephen W. Sawyer Wisconsin Foundations. Gwen Schultz . Dwelling, Place and Environment: Towards a Phenomenology of Person and World. David Seamon and Robert Mugerauer , eds . Power and Place: Canadian Urban Development in the North American Context. Gilbert A. Stelter and Alan F.J. Artibise , eds . Small Firms in Regional Economic Development: Britain, Ireland and the United States. D. J. Storey , ed . Mathematical Methods in Human Geography and Planning. A. G. Wilson and R. J. Bennett . El Niño North: Niño Effects on the Eastern Subarctic Pacific Ocean. W. S. Wooster and D. L. Fluharty , eds . The Soviet Iron and Steel Industry. Craig ZumBrunnen and Jeffrey Osleeb .  相似文献   

Waiting Time Distribution of Emissions in Complex Coronal Mass Ejections     

Adolfo L. Méndez Berhondo  Ramón E. Rodríguez Taboada  Liliana Alfonso Larralde 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2006,302(1-4):213-216

The waiting time distribution of emissions in Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) with several emissions is examined. We define the waiting time as the time interval between the commencement of an emission and the commencement of the next emission considered as parts of a unique CME. The distribution seems to follow a power-law. Two classes of CMEs several emissions are considered: “close” and “separate” depending on angular distance between emissions.  相似文献   

Empirical nonergodic shaking scenarios based on spatial correlation models: An application to central Italy     

Sara Sgobba  Giovanni Lanzano  Francesca Pacor 《地震工程与结构动力学》2021,50(1):60-80

This paper provides a new methodological framework to generate empirical ground shaking scenarios, designed for engineering applications and civil protection planning. The methodology is useful both to reconstruct the ground motion pattern of past events and to generate future shaking scenarios, in regions where strong‐motion datasets from multiple events and multiple stations are available. The proposed methodology combines (1) an ad‐hoc nonergodic ground motion model (GMM) with (2) a spatial correlation model for the source region‐, site‐, and path‐systematic residual terms, and (3) a model of the remaining aleatory error to take into account for directivity effects. The associated variability is a function of the type of scenario generated (bedrock or site, past or future event) and it is minimal for source areas where several events have occurred and for sites where recordings are available. In order to develop the region‐specific fully nonergodic GMM and to compute robust estimation of the residual terms, the approach is calibrated on a highly dense dataset compiled for the area of central Italy. Example tests demonstrate the validity of the approach, which allows to simulate acceleration response spectra at unsampled sites, as well as to capture peculiar physical features of ground motion patterns in the region. The proposed approach could be usefully adopted for data‐driven simulations of ground shaking maps, as alternative or complementary tool to physic‐based and stochastic‐based approaches.  相似文献   

RFM替代星载InSAR几何模型的方法     

周天顺  胡东平  郭丽 《测绘与空间地理信息》2013,36(6):151-153

尝试用RFM替代InSAR几何模型。建立了替代InSAR几何模型的RFM方程并给出了求解方法。分别用星载高分辨率SAR影像和普通SAR影像进行了试验,通过比较不同阶数的RFM模型的替代精度,验证了RFM模型替代InSAR严格模型的可行性与可靠性。结果表明,采用三阶带分母的RFM模型,星载高分辨率SAR影像的替代精度可达到万分之一波长,满足InSAR进行地形测绘的精度要求,有望应用于InSAR数据的并行计算与快速处理。  相似文献   

Evaluating the effect of snow and ice melt in an Alpine headwater catchment and further downstream in the River Rhine     

Nadine Junghans  Johannes Cullmann  Matthias Huss 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6):981-993

Abstract

The runoff regime of glacierized headwater catchments in the Alps is essentially characterized by snow and ice melt. High Alpine drainage basins influence distant downstream catchments of the Rhine River basin. In particular, during the summer months, low-flow conditions are probable with strongly reduced snow and ice melt under climate change conditions. This study attempts to quantify present and future contributions from snow and ice melt to summer runoff at different spatial scales. For the small Silvretta catchment (103 km²) in the Swiss Alps, with a glacierization of 7%, the HBV model and the glacio-hydrological model GERM are applied for calculating future runoff based on different regional climate scenarios. We evaluate the importance of snow and ice melt in the runoff regime. Comparison of the models indicates that the HBV model strongly overestimates the future contribution of glacier melt to runoff, as glaciers are considered as static components. Furthermore, we provide estimates of the current meltwater contribution of glaciers for several catchments downstream on the River Rhine during the month of August. Snow and ice melt processes have a significant direct impact on summer runoff, not only for high mountain catchments, but also for large transboundary basins. A future shift in the hydrological regime and the disappearance of glaciers might favour low-flow conditions during summer along the Rhine.

Citation Junghans, N., Cullmann, J. & Huss, M. (2011) Evaluating the effect of snow and ice melt in an Alpine headwater catchment and further downstream in the River Rhine. Hydrol. Sci. J. 56(6), 981–993.  相似文献   

中国典型红树林沉积物中多溴联苯醚和替代型溴系阻燃剂污染特征     

李华薇  徐向荣 《热带海洋学报》2022,41(1):117-130

本文研究了中国四省区(福建、广东、广西和海南)共16处红树林湿地表层沉积物中多溴联苯醚(polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBDEs)和5种替代型溴系阻燃剂(alternative brominated flame retardants, ABFRs)的污染特征, 包括十溴二苯乙烷(decabromodiphenyl ethane, DBDPE)、1, 2-双(2, 4, 6-三溴苯氧基)乙烷[1, 2-bis (2, 4, 6-tribromophenoxy) ethane, BTBPE]、六溴苯(hexabromobenzene, HBB)、五溴甲苯(pentabromotoluene, PBT)和五溴乙苯(pentabromoethylbenzene, PBEB)。结果表明, PBDEs、DBDPE和BTBPE在我国红树林湿地沉积物中广泛存在, 而HBB、PBT和PBEB仅在部分红树林湿地检出。PBDEs总含量的均值范围为1.39~293ng·g^-1(干重), 其污染程度具有明显的空间差异性(p=0.016), 并且与当地人口和经济水平显著正相关(p<0.01)。在红树林沉积物样品中, BDE 209是最主要的同系物, 占PBDEs总含量的72%~96%; DBDPE和BTBPE是最主要的ABFRs, 浓度的均值范围分别为0.489~29.4ng·g^-1(干重)和0.0127~1.11ng·g^-1(干重)。BDE 209与其替代品DBDPE的含量显著正相关(p<0.01), 反映出二者在红树林湿地沉积物中空间分布的相似性, 这说明BDE 209和DBDPE可能具有相似的污染源和/或环境行为。DBDPE与BDE 209的浓度比值范围为0.0839~0.925, 表明我国红树林湿地沉积物中DBDPE的污染水平还未超过BDE 209, 但ABFRs逐渐替代使用而带来的环境问题不容忽视。  相似文献   

南海周边航运网络脆弱性及对中国集装箱运输的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王列辉  张圣  陈锐 《世界地理研究》2022,31(4):700-712

随着中国对外贸易的发展,南海在中国对外运输中的重要性不断提升,评估南海周边航运网络失效对中国不同港口的影响程度十分必要。以2018年前18强船公司的集装箱航线数据为基础,构建南海周边港口的集装箱航运网络,通过网络节点指标、最短路径模拟等方法测度网络的脆弱性,并分析南海周边港口失效对中国的影响。全文主要结论如下：南海航运的抗毁性较弱,15%~25%的头部港口失效对整体航运网络组织会产生实质性的毁坏;釜山和新加坡是本区域最重要的港口,海防、上海、青岛、东京、泗水、横滨、神户等在区域中具有高脆弱性;评估港口失效后的替代港口方案,发现替代集装箱港口的可选择范围很小,很少有港口失效后能同时满足地理临近、介数增长和能力相当三大条件,在海上航运网络中港口失效带来的影响是难以修补的;以最短路径模拟中国港口对南海周边其他港口的挂靠情况,发现新加坡、巴生和釜山是对中国具有全局影响力的三大港口,林查班、马尼拉、宿务、圣费尔南多、海防等对其他港口具有点对点的局域影响。  相似文献