近2 ka河西走廊及毗邻地区沙漠化过程的气候与人文背景   总被引：22，自引：8，他引：22  

王乃昂  赵强  胡刚  谌永生 《中国沙漠》2003,23(1):95-100

根据古城废弃、湖泊退缩、频降尘期等发生时代的相对一致性，确定历史时期河西走廊沙漠化过程存在3次大发展时期，即南北朝、唐末五代和明清两朝，它们均对应近2ka来的气候干冷阶段。清代中期河西走廊人口密度突破了干旱地带人口压力的“临界指标“，水资源利用率超过40％，是晚近沙漠化土地迅速扩大的主要原因。  相似文献   

长江大通-河口段枯季的径流量变化   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10  

张二凤  陈西庆 《地理学报》2003,58(2):231-238

通过实地调查和收集长江下游1950－2000年水文、水利工程资料，建立了长江大通以下枯季径流量变化地理信息系统，分析了影响长江大通水文站以下径流量变化的水文过程，探索了这一区间枯季径流量变化的成因与过程。调查研究表明，截止2000年大通以下各类抽引水工程的总数已达64个，抽引水能力达到了4626m^3/s（潮周期内平均轴引水流量）。实际抽引水量呈现很大的年、季波动，这与本区气候干旱情况、农作物生长期、跨流域调水量等多种因素有关。研究表明：大通－河口段沿江两岸大量的抽引水已成为影响长江大通以下枯季入海流量变化的最重要的因素。本文在过去实际抽引江水资料的基础上，估算了过去不同水文、气候背景下长江大通以下枯季径流量的变化幅度及其对入海流量的影响，并利用实际数据进行了验证。在此基础上，探讨了未来长江大通以下枯季的径流量变化趋势。  相似文献   

山西晚古生代层序地层低水位期沉积特征探讨     

魏书宏  闫景 《中国煤田地质》2002,14(3):13-14

华北陆表海层序地层有无中低水位期沉积,学术界观点不一。通过对华北(主要是山西境内)晚古生代含煤沉积建造特征与北美精典层序地层特征进行分析对比,认为山西晚古生代含煤沉积建造中存在中低水位期沉积。待征表现为:在北部近陆源区的一套巨厚砾石、含砾粗砂沉积,向南变为一套含砾粗砂岩、粗砂岩的河流相沉积,最南部变为三角洲相和泻湖—堡岛相含煤沉积。  相似文献   

40Ar/39Ar Fast Neutron Activation Ages of Quartz from the J inman Vein Copper Deposit in Western Yunnan and Their Significance     

刘家军  李志明  张乾  刘玉平  李朝阳  何明勤  桑海清  杨伟光  杨爱平 《中国地球化学学报》2002,21(3)

Quartz samples collected from the Jinman vein copper deposit in the Lanping Basin of western Yunnan were determined by 40Ar/39Ar fast neutron activation techniques, and the spectra are characterized as being saddle-shaped. The samples yielded a plateau age of 58.05 ±0.54 Ma, a minimum appearance age of 56.76 ± 0.81 Ma and an isochron age of 54.30 ±0.15 Ma, the three ages being close to each other, indicating that the ages of the quartz samples so far determined are true and reliable. The plateau age represents the time of formation of Cu-bearing quartz veins, which is corresponding to Early Himalayan. This age is also consistent with the time at which a tectonically thermal event (60 Ma) took place within the Lanping Basin, Yunnan Province. In consideration of the fact that copper ore and other ore types in the vast area of western Yunnan are concentrated mainly in the Early Himalayan strata, the authors believe that there must have existed some indispensable key factors leading to metallogenesis on a large scale during the Early Himalayan period in western Yunnan and also constraining in union the formation of ore deposits there.  相似文献   

我国旬降水年变化特征的区域分布   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

王小玲  屠其璞 《南京气象学院学报》2002,25(4):518-524

利用全国多年平均旬降水资料，通过旋转EOF分解，将全国各地旬降水的年变化特征划分为6大类别，在地理分布上归属为8个区域，各区域的降水除了夏季多，冬季少的共同特征外，还有其地域性特点。各区域特征时段降水量间的显著统计相关有一定的中期天气预报意义。各区域特征时段降水量和年降水量近44a来有不同的趋势变化，部分区域可用特征时段的降水变化特征表示年降水的变化特征。  相似文献   

第四纪泥石流活动期与气候期的阶段性耦合过程   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11       下载免费PDF全文

李永化  张小咏  崔之久  高全洲 《第四纪研究》2002,22(4):340-348

本文参考绝对年代测试结果、基于地球化学分析和区域地层对比等手段,对青藏高原东部边缘及华北地区近40多个第四纪泥石流沉积剖面进行了分析,初步认为我国第四纪泥石流沉积主要集中大约在1.8～1.6MaB.P.、0.7MaB.P.、0.5MaB.P.、0.14MaB.P.～80000aB.P.、40000～25000aB.P.、8000～5000aB.P.和200aB.P.以来共7个阶段。泥石流发育与区域乃至全球性气候波动呈现出大致同步的规律性;同时,不同地区泥石流发育历史存在明显的差异。云南小江流域的泥石流几乎贯穿整个第四纪时期,很少间断;甘肃白龙江流域第四纪期间泥石流活动受全球气候波动影响明显;太行山东麓及北京地区的泥石流活动主要集中在晚更新世以来。  相似文献   

Trapping of aeolian sediments and build‐up of the ice cover of a dry‐based Antarctic lake     

S. Sleewaegen  R. Lorrain  Z. Offer  E. Azmon  S. Fitzsimons  R. Souchez 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2002,27(3):307-315

Among the perennially frozen lakes of the Dry Valleys of South Victoria Land (Antarctica), some are dry‐based, i.e. frozen to the bottom. One of these is studied here by a multiparametric investigation (isotopic composition in δD and δ¹⁸O, ions, gas and ice texture analyses). A sediment layer about 10 cm thick appearing at a depth of 3·5 m is also studied by grain size, X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope analyses. The information retrieved indicates that this ice‐block lake results from a build‐up in two steps and explains how aeolian sediments were included as a layer into the ice. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Effects of wave passage on the relevant dynamic properties of structures with flexible foundation     

Javier Avils  Martha Surez  Francisco J. Snchez‐Sesma 《地震工程与结构动力学》2002,31(1):139-159

An evaluation of the wave passage effects on the relevant dynamic properties of structures with flexible foundation is presented. A simple soil–structure system similar to that used in practice to take into account the inertial interaction effects by the soil flexibility is studied. The kinematic interaction effects due to non‐vertically incident P, SV and Rayleigh waves are accounted for in this model. The effective period and damping of the system are obtained by establishing an equivalence between the interacting system excited by the foundation input motion and a replacement oscillator excited by the free‐field ground motion. In this way, the maximum structural response could be estimated from standard free‐field response spectra using the period and damping of the building modified by both the soil flexibility and the travelling wave effects. Also, an approximate solution for the travelling wave problem is examined over wide ranges of the main parameters involved. Numerical results are computed for a number of soil–structure systems to identify under which conditions the effects of wave passage are important. It comes out that these effects are generally negligible for the system period, but they may significantly change the system damping since the energy dissipation within the soil depends on both the wave radiation and the diffraction and scattering of the incident waves by the foundation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

区域地下水位预报的季节型神经网络模型   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

薛联青  崔广柏  程光 《水科学进展》2002,13(4):473-477

根据西北干旱区地下水位周期性变化趋势明显的特点,提出了测井水位预报的季节型神经网络模型。同时,针对系列不同周期内变幅各异的特点,对监测序列进行了光滑处理。预报结果表明:该模型预测效果较好,运行合理,对规律性不强的地下水位动态预报具有一定的实用价值。  相似文献   

新疆于田普鲁-阿羌石炭纪裂谷地质特征及成矿意义   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

边小卫  李博秦  张俊良  陈高潮  孔文年 《陕西地质》2002,20(2):1-8

新疆于田普鲁—阿羌石炭纪裂谷 ,发育于塔里木板块晚古生代被动陆缘之上。裂谷发展经历了两个阶段 ,即早石炭世裂谷形成发展阶段和晚石炭世—早二叠世裂谷敛合阶段 ,形成发展阶段主要为双峰式火山岩建造 ,敛合期以钙碱性安山岩、基性玄武岩为主间夹灰岩、砂砾岩等。该裂谷为塔里木南缘晚古生代活动带的一部分。活动带内大量火山岩浆活动为以铜为主的多金属成矿提供良好条件 ,同时深大断裂活动使金刚石成矿成为可能。对该活动带的深入研究不仅对古特提斯演化研究具有重要意义 ,而且对指导找矿具有非常重要的现实意义。  相似文献