《巴黎协定》下的国际碳市场机制：基本形式和前景展望     

高帅  李梦宇  段茂盛  王灿 《气候变化研究进展》2019,15(3):222-231

《巴黎协定》第6条建立的两种国际碳市场机制受到广泛关注,将在2020年后的气候制度中发挥至关重要的作用。文中识别了覆盖范围、交易指标类型和管理模式等3个构成国际碳市场机制的关键要素及其不同设计选项,并以此为基础阐明国际碳市场机制的基本形式。梳理并识别谈判中有关国际碳市场机制的焦点问题及其不同规则设计,并在此基础上分析中国参与国际碳市场机制的机遇和挑战。结合中国气候融资、提升减排力度、推动绿色“一带一路”和气候变化南南合作的内在需求以及国内有关市场机制的现有能力,分析提出两种国际碳市场机制在中国近期、中期和远期的发展前景及其所需的能力建设。  相似文献   

“城市空间转向”与新城市地理研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

吕拉昌 《世界地理研究》2008,17(1):32-38

在全球化与信息技术革命以及经济地理学的复式转向的推动下,“城市空间转向”已成为事实,城市地理研究不仅需要对物质空间进行研究,更要对人文空间及文化空间等进行研究,其研究的视点是城市空间的主观性与客观性的融合,顺应这种转变,开展新城市地理研究就成为必然。  相似文献   

中国岩溶碳汇过程与效应研究成果及展望   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

黄芬  张春来  杨慧  曹建华  李为  周运超 《中国地质调查》2014,1(3):57-66

我国是世界能源消费和CO₂总排放量第一大国,碳减排任务艰巨,责任重大。据调查,我国岩溶碳汇与森林、土壤碳汇在同一数量级,但其要在国家层面发挥重大作用,其影响因素及机理需要进一步调查和阐释,估算精度还有待提高。系统总结了流域尺度岩溶碳循环过程,并重点揭示了生物作用对岩溶碳循环的影响;研究了水圈二氧化碳的再循环规律;评估了外源水对岩溶作用的影响程度和促进强度;利用数学回归模型估算区域岩溶碳汇通量,提高了由点到面岩溶碳汇通量估算精度,并提出增加岩溶碳汇潜力技术途径,为我国岩溶碳汇通量科学估算提供支撑。  相似文献   

渤海西岸自然保护区内贝壳堤现状和应对措施     

薛春汀 《海洋地质前沿》2010,26(1)

由于采挖贝壳、城市建设和修建养殖池,位于河北省黄骅古贝壳堤自然保护区内沿海岸的岐口—狼驼子贝壳堤已经不复存在,挽救已经不可能。山东省境内滨州贝壳堤岛与湿地自然保护区(国家级)内,在贝壳堤几十米后修建了养殖池。养殖池防护堤阻挡潮水向后漫溢,波浪作用在此增强。在波浪作用下贝壳堤已经遭到破坏(贝壳堤变低,贝壳堤前向海一侧受到侵蚀,将贝壳堤下伏层暴露出来)。如果要挽救这里的贝壳堤必须拆除贝壳堤后面的养殖池。  相似文献   

Stakeholder participation in ecosystem-based approaches to fisheries management: A synthesis from European research projects     

Augustin Berghöfer  Heidi WittmerFelix Rauschmayer 《Marine Policy》2008

In this synthesis article, we claim that institutional innovation is required for ecosystem-based approaches to fisheries management (EBAFM), and that such innovation can best be achieved by engaging in a delicate process of societal decision making. Current instances of participation in fisheries shed light on the societal processes required for such institutional innovation. We apply the IBEFish analytical frame to examine findings from recent European research on participation in fisheries management at different jurisdictional levels. We distil several issues of major concern for institutional innovation towards EBAFM. These concern information management, legitimacy, social dynamics and costs, as well as aspects of cross-scale and cross-sector integration of fisheries governance.  相似文献   

试井多解性问题研究     

严涛 《海洋地质译丛》2008,(3):46-50

试井成果是油气田制定开发方案、措施选井及评估的重要依据,但资料的多解性严重制约着试井成果的准确性和可靠性,降低了使用价值。从产生试井资料多解性的来源入手,通过实例分析试井设计、资料录取、模型选择（重点分析井筒、近井筒效应,油气藏类型,外边界）等因素对试井解释结果的影响,确定有效排除试井成果多解性的原则和途径。  相似文献   

Ten myths concerning ecosystem approaches to marine resource management   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Steven A. Murawski   《Marine Policy》2007,31(6):681-690

Ecosystem approaches to marine resource management (EAM) offer comprehensive decision making based on rationalization of currently fragmented ocean policies and their implementation. However, despite the apparent utility in addressing these problems, EAM has also been criticized as being nonspecific, immature, invalid as a basis for decision making, and not fully supported by science. While it is commonly perceived that a paradigm shift in governance and science institutions awaits implementation to address these criticisms, in fact, ecosystem considerations are being incorporated more frequently, employing existing authorities as the basis for mitigation of sectoral impacts and for resource allocation. Management ‘best practices’ for EAM are emerging based on these experiences. Ten common criticisms of EAM, which I believe to be myths propagated primarily to maintain the status quo among sectoral interests, are discussed. Accelerated evolution of EAM will occur as science better articulates feedbacks, cumulative ecological effects and economic consequences framing policy choices, and more formal “rules of engagement” among sectors (e.g., fishing, coastal development, water quality, and energy) are negotiated. These operating procedures would be established under informal arrangements, in national law, and by international agreement. The management paradigm for marine resources is shifting and EAM will eventually be considered redundant with established practice.  相似文献   

国际行业温室气体减排方法最新进展评述          下载免费PDF全文

蔡闻佳  王灿  陈吉宁 《气候变化研究进展》2010,6(1):47-52

由于《巴厘行动计划》中明确提出"合作的行业方法"以及发达国家的积极推动,所谓国际行业减排方法正受到越来越多的关注。在对此类方法的定义、分类和提出背景进行简要介绍的基础上,总结了该类方法的最新进展和发展动向。最后对近期发展的特点进行了归纳与评述,指出了发展中国家尤其是我国在国家和行业发展层面所面临的挑战和亟待解决的问题。  相似文献   

Relational Hubs for Collaborative Landscape Stewardship     

Jessica Cockburn  Georgina Cundill  Sheona Shackleton  Ayanda Cele  Susanna Francina Cornelius  Vaughan Koopman 《社会与自然资源》2020,33(5):681-693

Abstract

Landscape stewardship is considered an important place-based approach to addressing sustainability challenges. Working at landscape-level requires collaboration between diverse landscape stakeholders. In this study, we partnered with local stewardship practitioners across six cases in South Africa to investigate how they facilitate collaboration towards social-ecological sustainability outcomes. We found that practitioners facilitate collaboration among stakeholders by operating as relational hubs in the landscape. Through these hubs, they build new inter-personal relationships among stakeholders, creating social networks which enable stewardship practice. The hubs deepen human-nature relationships by creating enabling conditions for stewards to put stewardship ethics into action. Drawing on insights from these cases, we call for a relational approach to landscape stewardship which focuses on human-to-human and human-to-nature relationships. Moreover, we argue that landscape stewardship initiatives need to re-focus stewardship on stewards, recognizing them as key agents of change in addressing the conflict between agriculture and conservation inherent in many landscapes.  相似文献   

Strengthening bottom-up and top-down climate governance     

Jo Dirix  Wouter Peeters  Johan Eyckmans  Peter Tom Jones  Sigrid Sterckx 《Climate Policy》2013,13(3):363-383

Although the UN and EU focus their climate policies on the prevention of a 2 °C global mean temperature rise, it has been estimated that a rise of at least 4?°C is more likely. Given the political climate of inaction, there is a need to instigate a bottom-up approach so as to build domestic support for future climate treaties, empower citizens, and motivate leaders to take action. A review is provided of the predominant top-down cap-and-trade policies in place – the Kyoto Protocol and EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) – with a focus on the grandfathering of emissions entitlements and the possibility of offsetting emissions. These policies are evaluated according to two criteria of justice and it is concluded that they fail to satisfy them. Some suggestions as to how the EU ETS can be improved so as to enable robust climate action are also offered.

Policy relevance

The current supranational climate policy has not been successful and global leaders have postponed the adoption of a meaningful successor to the Kyoto Protocol. In view of this inaction, bottom-up approaches with regard to climate policy should be further developed. It is argued that two of the main top-down policies, grandfathering and offsetting, impede the avowed goals of EU climate policy and pose significant ethical dilemmas with regard to participatory and intergenerational justice. In order to provide a more robust EU climate policy, the EU should inter alia provide a long-term perspective for investors, reduce the volatility of the carbon price, and prepare for the possibility of carbon leakage.  相似文献