Translating ecosystem indicators into decision criteria   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

Link  Jason S. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2005,62(3):569-576

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Storminess and surges in the South-Western Approaches of the eastern North Atlantic: the synoptic climatology of recent extreme coastal storms     

N. L. Betts  J. D. Orford  D. White  C. J. Graham 《Marine Geology》2004,210(1-4):227-246

The climatology of intense winter cyclone events in the eastern North Atlantic responsible for high magnitude surge generation (top 1% of events) within the region of the South-Western Approaches to northwest France and southwest England is extracted from daily sea-level and 500-hPa level atmospheric pressure analyses. Cluster analysis yields discrete cyclone track regimes linked to upper airflow patterns being responsible for the generation of intense storms (central pressure at sea-level ≤990 hPa) which promote severe surge events ≥60 cm along the French coast of the South-Western Approaches. Fluctuations in storminess are strongly influenced by the southward intrusion and strengthening of the jet stream in mid-Atlantic. These occurrences are often associated with negative sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies near Newfoundland and a strengthening of the thermal gradient across the Atlantic well to the south of its normal position. Resultant cyclogenesis promotes storms displaying a delay in minimum central pressure attainment until well east of 14°W, encouraging enhancement of surge flow. Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicates that the most influential variables in promoting severe surge events in the South-Western Approaches are trans-Atlantic sea surface temperature gradients. The most important influence is the prevailing west–east sea surface temperature gradient during the month of the storm, followed by that for the prior month of the storm and thirdly, the north–south sea surface temperature gradient prevailing during the month of the event. Other influential variables reflect the character of the cyclone, storm duration, mean deepening rate of storm central pressure, the value of the outermost closed isobar around the storm centre, and the longitudinal position of the outermost closed isobar to the right of the cyclone track. In contrast, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is not very effective as a discriminator of surge activity. This may reflect the greater intra-month volatility of parameters used to derive the NAO index than of other monthly variables considered in the study. The lack of resolvability at the individual storm level probably also arises because of the monthly detailing of the NAO against storms of 2–3 days duration. This behavioural model of extreme storminess in the South-Western Approaches to northwest France provides the basis by which extremes of coastal susceptibility can be calibrated.  相似文献   

Seismic risk analysis of coastal area of Pakistan     

ShahidA.Khan M.AliShah M.Qaisar 《地震学报(英文版)》2003,16(4):382-394

Estimation of seismic hazard for the fast developing coastal area of Pakistan is carried out using deterministic and probabilistic approaches. On the basis of seismotectonics and geology, eleven faults are recognized in five seismic provinces as potential hazard sources. Maximum magnitude potential for each of these sources is calculated. Peak ground acceleration (PGA) values at the seven coastal cities due to the maximum credible earthquake on the relevant source are also obtained. Cities of Gwadar and Ormara with acceleration values of 0.21g and 0.25g respec-tively fall in the high seismic risk area. Cities of Turbat and Karachi lie in low seismic risk area with acceleration values of less than 0.1g. The Probabilistic PGA maps with contour interval of 0.05g for 50 and 100 years return period with 90% probability of non-exceedance are also compiled.  相似文献   

降尺度技术在月降水预报中的应用   总被引：33，自引：11，他引：33       下载免费PDF全文

陈丽娟李维京  张培群王锦贵 《应用气象学报》2003,14(6):648-655

着重介绍月动力延伸数值预报模拟技巧较高的大气环流在局域降水方面的降尺度（downscaling）应用。克服动力降尺度和统计降尺度技术的缺点，从动力与统计相结合的角度，给出月尺度大气环流与局地降水之间的关系，该联系有清楚的动力学背景和天气学意义。120个月的历史实况资料回报试验证明了该关系的合理性。T63/NCC月动力延伸形势场集合预报进行中国降水的降尺度应用亦取得了较好的结果。  相似文献   

Climate variability and rural livelihoods: assessing the impact of seasonal climate forecasts in Lesotho   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

Gina Ziervogel  Rebecca Calder 《Area》2003,35(4):403-417

Climate variability acutely affects rural livelihoods and agricultural productivity, yet it is just one of many stresses that vulnerable rural households have to cope with. A livelihood approach is used to assess the potential role that seasonal climate forecasts might play in increasing adaptive capacity in response to climate variability, using Lesotho as a case study. An examination of the assets and strategies that rural households employ enables a holistic assessment of the impact seasonal forecasts could have on rural livelihoods. This research thereby bridges macro-level variability with local-level impacts and adaptation to provide insight into the dynamics of forecast use and impact among vulnerable groups.  相似文献   

当代自然地理学态势   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  

蔡运龙 《地理研究》2010,29(1):1-10

认识自然地理学的发展态势,有助于把握学术前沿。当代自然地理学不仅研究组成自然环境的各个要素及其相互作用,研究空间过程和区域差异,也研究随时间进程而发生的各种过程及其中的各种关系,将一定时间或空间尺度上获得的结果推演到其他尺度,将自然地理学的研究成果应用于解决实际的资源、环境管理问题。国际自然地理学的新领域可以概括为自然地理系统、自然地理过程、景观与环境变化、人类活动与环境变化、全球自然地理学和文化自然地理学。中国现代自然地理学源于本土地理学并受欧美地理学和俄罗斯地理学的影响,在满足国家和社会需求方面表现突出,但在学术思想、理论和方法方面,独立的建树和自主创新尚待加强。我国自然地理学未来发展趋势是走向更加综合、站在全球变化的高度、走向更深入地揭示关键过程及其动态变化的机理机制、更加重视高新技术的运用、更加密切地为实现区域可持续发展服务,并需要加强科学思维、科学方法和科学工具的研究和创新。  相似文献   

太阳诱导叶绿素荧光的卫星遥感反演方法   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张立福  王思恒  黄长平 《遥感学报》2018,22(1):1-12

利用卫星遥感探测区域和全球尺度太阳诱导叶绿素荧光SIF(Solar-Inducedchlorophyll Fluorescence)近年来成为研究热点。由于地球大气吸收和散射的影响,卫星尺度的SIF反演问题较为复杂,科学界对该问题一直存在争议,不同科学团队提出了众多方法。本文介绍了大气层顶SIF反演的机理、难点及思路,总结了近10年来最新发展的大气层顶SIF反演算法,并将这些算法归纳为3类:基于辐射传输方程的算法、简化的物理模型算法和数据驱动算法,分析讨论了各算法的特点及适用性;以应用最广泛的数据驱动算法为例,基于GOME-2数据详细介绍了算法的中间环节及注意事项;最后回顾了卫星遥感反演SIF的发展历程,汇总了目前及未来具有荧光探测能力的星载传感器,并依据数据源的特点相应地给出了适用的SIF反演算法,为今后基于航空和卫星高光谱数据的SIF反演提供了依据。  相似文献   

与距离成反比加权法的数据插值方法及程序实现   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

颜七笙  郑盛贵 《华东地质学院学报》2005,28(1):96-99

总结了各种插值方法及其特点，详细阐述了与距离成反比加权法插值方法，在原有方法的基础上提出了新的改进后的与距离成反比加权法插值方法，并由此引入了影响域、影响点集和数据块交集的概念。开发出基于VC 的二维平面和三维空间散乱数据改进的与距离成反比加权法插值算法类，并嵌入电磁资料处理系统软件，为海量电磁资料数据、重力场数据的插值提供了便利。  相似文献   

地下水水质检测中质量异议问题的原因分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭秀红 饶竹徐建明  田来生 《岩矿测试》2006,25(2):177-180

通过对国土资源部某专业实验测试中心10年质量异议资料的分析，总结了地下水水质检测中容易产生质量异议的检测参数，分析了这些参数的特点，探讨了质量异议产生的原因和预防措施。1991～2000年问该实验室共有H2SiO3、Sr、NO2^-、I^-、SO4^2-等12项检测参数出现质量异议，大多为水文地质、水文地球化学、地下水环境质量研究和地下水开发利用所关心的关键参数。产生质量异议的原因多种多样，主要有委托方主观判断错误和在样品采集与运输过程中造成的污染、检测人员技术失误和疏忽、水样本身等原因。减少质量异议的有效措施包括选择合适的测试方法、严格的校审制度及提高取样质量等。  相似文献   

Fishing for justice: Human rights,development, and fisheries sector reform     

《Global Environmental Change》2014

A review of case law and other documentation of human rights issues in fishing communities highlights forced evictions, detention without trial, child labour, forced labour and unsafe working conditions, and violence and personal security, including gender-based violence, as key areas of concern. We argue that human rights violations undermine current attempts to reform the fisheries sector in developing countries by increasing the vulnerability and marginalization of certain groups. Citing cases from India, the Philippines, Cambodia, and South Africa, we show how human rights advocacy can be an effective element of support for development in fisheries. Finally, we outline how fisheries reform can better address human rights issues as an essential complement to the equitable allocation of fishing rights, contributing to improved resource management and human wellbeing.  相似文献