基于平板探测器的锥束CT散射校正方法   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

胡栋材  陈浩  张定华 《CT理论与应用研究》2009,18(1):16-22

针对基于平板探测器的锥束CT系统固然存在的散射伪影,提出在X射线源和被检测物体之间添加一个射束衰减网格装置的散射校正方法。本文首先介绍了射束衰减网格的实验装置,然后推导了基于射束衰减网格的锥束CT散射校正方法,最后通过圆柱样品实验验证了算法的可行性。实验结果表明,研究提出的散射校正方法能有效减少基于平板探测器的锥束CT系统散射伪影,提高了重建切片图像的质量。  相似文献   

Source Parameters for 1999 North Anatolian Fault Zone Aftershocks     

Rengin Gök  Lawrence Hutchings  Kevin Mayeda  Doğan Kalafat 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2009,166(4):547-566

We develop a data set of aftershock recordings of the 1999, M = 7.4 Izmit and M = 7.2 Duzce (Turkey) earthquakes to study their source parameters. We combined seismograms from 44 stations maintained by several sources (organizations) to obtain a unified data set of events (2.1 ≤ M_w ≤ 5.5). We calculate source parameters of these small earthquakes by two methods that use different techniques to address the difficulty in obtaining source spectra for small earthquakes subject to interference from site response. One method (program NetMoment (NM), Hutchings, 2004) uses spectra of direct S waves in a simultaneous inversion of local high-frequency network data to estimate seismic moment, source corner frequency (f_c), site attenuation (k) and whole-path Q. This approach takes advantage of the source commonality in all recordings for a particular earthquake by fitting a common Brune source spectrum to the data with a and individual k. The second approach (Mayeda et al., 2003) uses the coda method (CM) to obtain “nonmodel-based” source spectra and moment estimates from selected broadband recording sites. We found that both methods do well for events that allow the comparison with seismic moment estimates derived from waveform modeling. Also, source spectra obtained from the two methods are very closely matched for most of the events they have in common. We use an F test to examine the trade-off between k and f_c picks identified by the direct S-wave method. About half of the events could be constrained to have less than a 50% average uncertainty in f_c and k. We used these source spectra solutions to calculate energy and apparent stress and compare these to estimates from the selected “good quality” source spectra from CM. Both studies have values mutually consistent and show a similar increase in apparent stress with increasing moment. This result has added merit due to the independent approaches to calculate apparent stress. We conclude that both methods are at least partially validated by our study, and they both have usefulness for different circumstances of recording local small earthquakes. CM would work well in studies for which there is a broad magnitude range of events and NM works well for local events recorded by band-limited recorders.  相似文献   

龙滩水库地区P波、S波和尾波衰减   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

华卫  赵翠萍  陈章立  郑斯华 《地震学报》2009,31(6):620-628

利用发生在龙滩水库地区的144次ML≥1.0地震资料,研究了该地区地壳介质的衰减特征,并采用尾波归一化方法分别估算了P波、S波的品质因子QP和QS,用单次反散射模型计算了尾波品质因子QC．结果表明,该地区上述3个值与频率的依赖关系分别为QP（f）=（7.43±0.78）f(1.05±0.06),QS（f）=（13.08±3.20）f(1.76±0.15),QC（f）=（50.52±2.71）f(1.13±0.03),总体呈现低QO和高η值的特点．在所研究的频带范围1—16Hz内,QS／QP比值均大于1,表明该地区体波衰减中散射可能起着较大作用．QC与QS的比较结果表明,在小于8Hz时,QS＜QC;而大于8Hz时,则QS＞QC．这可能是由于介质的多次散射作用的结果．   相似文献   

A study of dissipation of wind-waves by mud at Cassino Beach,Brazil: Prediction and inversion     

W. Erick Rogers  K. Todd Holland 《Continental Shelf Research》2009

The impact of a non-rigid seafloor on the wave climate at Cassino Beach, Brazil, May–June 2005 is studied using field measurements and a numerical wave model. The measurements consist of wave data at four locations; rheology and mud thickness from grab samples; and an estimate of the horizontal distribution of mud based on echo-soundings. The dissipation of waves by a non-rigid bottom is represented in the wave model by treating the mud layer as a viscous fluid. Applied for 431 time periods, the model without this type of dissipation has a strong tendency to overpredict nearshore wave energy, except during a period of large storm waves. Two model variations which include this dissipation have a modest tendency to underpredict the nearshore wave energy. An inversion methodology is developed and applied to infer an alternate mud distribution which, when used with the wave model, yields the observed waveheights.  相似文献   

Impacts of stormwater runoff in the Southern California Bight: Relationships among plume constituents     

Kristen M. Reifel  Scott C. Johnson  Paul M. DiGiacomo  Michael J. Mengel  Nikolay P. Nezlin  Jonathan A. Warrick  Burton H. Jones 《Continental Shelf Research》2009,29(15):1821-1835

The effects from two winter rain storms on the coastal ocean of the Southern California Bight were examined as part of the Bight ‘03 program during February 2004 and February–March 2005. The impacts of stormwater from fecal indicator bacteria, water column toxicity, and nutrients were evaluated for five major river discharges: the Santa Clara River, Ballona Creek, the San Pedro Shelf (including the Los Angeles, San Gabriel, and Santa Ana Rivers), the San Diego River, and the Tijuana River. Exceedances of bacterial standards were observed in most of the systems. However, the areas of impact were generally spatially limited, and contaminant concentrations decreased below California Ocean Plan standards typically within 2–3 days. The largest bacterial concentrations occurred in the Tijuana River system where exceedances of fecal indicator bacteria were noted well away from the river mouth. Maximum nitrate concentrations (~40 μM) occurred in the San Pedro Shelf region near the mouth of the Los Angeles River. Based on the results of general linear models, individual sources of stormwater differ in both nutrient concentrations and the concentration and composition of fecal indicator bacteria. While nutrients appeared to decrease in plume waters due to simple mixing and dilution, the concentration of fecal indicator bacteria in plumes depends on more than loading and dilution rates. The relationships between contaminants (nutrients and fecal indicator bacteria) and plume indicators (salinity and total suspended solids) were not strong indicating the presence of other potentially important sources and/or sinks of both nutrients and fecal indicator bacteria. California Ocean Plan standards were often exceeded in waters containing greater than 10% stormwater (<28–30 salinity range). The median concentration dropped below the standard in the 32–33 salinity range (1–4% stormwater) for total coliforms and Enterococcus spp. and in the 28–30 salinity range (10–16% stormwater) for fecal coliforms. Nutrients showed a similar pattern with the highest median concentrations in water with greater than 10% stormwater. Relationships between colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and salinity and between total suspended solids and beam attenuation indicate that readily measurable, optically active variables can be used as proxies to provide at least a qualitative, if not quantitative, evaluation of the distribution of the dissolved, as well as the particulate, components of stormwater plumes. In this context, both CDOM absorption and the beam attenuation coefficient can be derived from satellite ocean color measurements of inherent optical properties suggesting that remote sensing of ocean color should be useful in mapping the spatial areas and durations of impacts from these contaminants.  相似文献   

泰勒展开近似 带连续性约束的L1范数方法用于多次波自适应相减(英文)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

庞廷华  陆文凯  马永军 《应用地球物理》2009,6(3):241-247

一次波L1范数最小化的多次波自适应相减方法,简称L1方法,是基于匹配滤波器设计的多次波自适应相减算法中的一种常用方法.当一次波和多次波混杂在一起时,L1方法有时会伤害一次波,导致一次波同相轴的连续性变差.本文利用预测误差滤波器度量一次波同相轴的连续性,在L1方法的皋础上,提出一种能够在压制多次波的同时,尽量保持一次波同相轴连续性的多次波自适戍相减算法,简称连续性约束L1方法.利用Pluto模犁数据进行多次波相减的结果表明,连续性约束L1方法能够在有效压制多次波的同时,更好地保护一次波.  相似文献   

基于空间子集的地震数据分析方法(英文)   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

蔡希玲  刘学伟  李虹  钱宇明  吕英梅 《应用地球物理》2009,6(4):384-392

野外空间采样密度的提高将增加室内数据分析的工作量,常规的基于地震数据的点与线分析方法有一定的局限性。本文简要说明空间子集的抽取方法,列举了正交子集和斜交子集的特点,并通过三维可视化展示了子集数据的空间特性。提出在数据处理中利用子集的时间切片：（1）分析地震道空间分布的均匀性和规则性;（2）研究面波及规则干扰的空间分布特点;（3）检测叠前数据中的异常信息;（4）监控叠前去噪的效果。实际数据的应用结果表明基于空间子集的分析方法是一种独特有效的地震数据分析方法,从另一种视角观察地震数据,可以发现其中某些新的特征,以提高处理人员对数据的洞察能力。  相似文献   

节理面透射模型及其隔振性能研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

石崇  徐卫亚  周家文  张金龙 《岩土力学》2009,30(3):729-734

振动波入射到节理界面上,与软弱断层一样会产生波场的分解,能够起到隔振作用。根据线性变形节理的透反射规律研究发现,隔振后各点的波场可由透射P波与透射S波叠加而成,其能量分配服从Zoeppritz方程,不连续位移造成了透射波的衰减;法向刚度增加透射纵波系数会增加,而切向刚度与透射纵波无关,法向与切向刚度对透射S波均有影响,刚度增加透射S波振幅逐渐降低,逐步逼近于0;由于透射后波场相互干涉,不同波场延时不同,透射合成波与入射波相比,振幅降低,持续时间增加,波形尾段有畸变;总能量系数与节理面的刚度无关,而随入射角增加不断降低。  相似文献   

Curvelet阈值迭代法地震随机噪声压制(英文)   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

王德利  仝中飞  唐晨  朱恒 《应用地球物理》2010,7(4):315-324

本文将近些年发展起来的多尺度分析技术——Curvelet变换与求解优化反演问题的阈值迭代法相结合,研究了基于Curvelet变换的阈值迭代法在地震数据随机噪声衰减中的应用。充分利用了Curvelet变换对地震数据表示的稀疏性,提出将地震数据随机噪声压制问题转化为基于Curvelet稀疏变换的L1范数最优化问题,并采用前人提出的阈值迭代法求解。通过与常规的中值滤波、FX反褶积和小波阈值法去噪方法对比,理论合成数据和实际数据试算表明,Curvelet阈值迭代法去噪法具有优势,该法不仅能够获得较高的信噪比,而且对有效信号的损失较小。为充分利甩Curvelet的多尺度、多方向特性,提出了在Curvelet阈值迭代法去噪结果的基础上再进行方向控制,进一步提高了数据信噪比。  相似文献   

利用基于子波估计的频谱校正方法提高Q值估计精度(英文)     

屠宁  陆文凯 《应用地球物理》2010,7(3):217-228

用Q值刻画的地震衰减在地震信号处理和解释中具有很广泛的应用。利用反射地震资料进行Q值估计需要解决地震子波和反射系数序列耦合的问题。从反射地震资料中去除反射系数序列的影响,这个过程称为频谱校正。本文提出了一种基于子波估计的求取Q值的方法,进而设计了一个反Q滤波器。该方法利用反射地震资料的高阶统计量进行子波估计,并利用所估计子波实现频谱校正。我们利用合成数据实验给出了质心频移法与频谱比法这两种常用的Q值估计方法在不同参数设置下的性能。人工合成数据和实际数据处理表明,利用本文提出的方法进行频谱校正后,可以得到可靠的Q值估计。经过反Q滤波,地震数据的高频部分得到了有效地恢复。  相似文献