Impacts of stormwater runoff in the Southern California Bight: Relationships among plume constituents     

Kristen M. Reifel  Scott C. Johnson  Paul M. DiGiacomo  Michael J. Mengel  Nikolay P. Nezlin  Jonathan A. Warrick  Burton H. Jones 《Continental Shelf Research》2009,29(15):1821-1835

The effects from two winter rain storms on the coastal ocean of the Southern California Bight were examined as part of the Bight ‘03 program during February 2004 and February–March 2005. The impacts of stormwater from fecal indicator bacteria, water column toxicity, and nutrients were evaluated for five major river discharges: the Santa Clara River, Ballona Creek, the San Pedro Shelf (including the Los Angeles, San Gabriel, and Santa Ana Rivers), the San Diego River, and the Tijuana River. Exceedances of bacterial standards were observed in most of the systems. However, the areas of impact were generally spatially limited, and contaminant concentrations decreased below California Ocean Plan standards typically within 2–3 days. The largest bacterial concentrations occurred in the Tijuana River system where exceedances of fecal indicator bacteria were noted well away from the river mouth. Maximum nitrate concentrations (~40 μM) occurred in the San Pedro Shelf region near the mouth of the Los Angeles River. Based on the results of general linear models, individual sources of stormwater differ in both nutrient concentrations and the concentration and composition of fecal indicator bacteria. While nutrients appeared to decrease in plume waters due to simple mixing and dilution, the concentration of fecal indicator bacteria in plumes depends on more than loading and dilution rates. The relationships between contaminants (nutrients and fecal indicator bacteria) and plume indicators (salinity and total suspended solids) were not strong indicating the presence of other potentially important sources and/or sinks of both nutrients and fecal indicator bacteria. California Ocean Plan standards were often exceeded in waters containing greater than 10% stormwater (<28–30 salinity range). The median concentration dropped below the standard in the 32–33 salinity range (1–4% stormwater) for total coliforms and Enterococcus spp. and in the 28–30 salinity range (10–16% stormwater) for fecal coliforms. Nutrients showed a similar pattern with the highest median concentrations in water with greater than 10% stormwater. Relationships between colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and salinity and between total suspended solids and beam attenuation indicate that readily measurable, optically active variables can be used as proxies to provide at least a qualitative, if not quantitative, evaluation of the distribution of the dissolved, as well as the particulate, components of stormwater plumes. In this context, both CDOM absorption and the beam attenuation coefficient can be derived from satellite ocean color measurements of inherent optical properties suggesting that remote sensing of ocean color should be useful in mapping the spatial areas and durations of impacts from these contaminants.  相似文献   

龙滩水库地区P波、S波和尾波衰减   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

华卫  赵翠萍  陈章立  郑斯华 《地震学报》2009,31(6):620-628

利用发生在龙滩水库地区的144次ML≥1.0地震资料,研究了该地区地壳介质的衰减特征,并采用尾波归一化方法分别估算了P波、S波的品质因子QP和QS,用单次反散射模型计算了尾波品质因子QC．结果表明,该地区上述3个值与频率的依赖关系分别为QP（f）=（7.43±0.78）f(1.05±0.06),QS（f）=（13.08±3.20）f(1.76±0.15),QC（f）=（50.52±2.71）f(1.13±0.03),总体呈现低QO和高η值的特点．在所研究的频带范围1—16Hz内,QS／QP比值均大于1,表明该地区体波衰减中散射可能起着较大作用．QC与QS的比较结果表明,在小于8Hz时,QS＜QC;而大于8Hz时,则QS＞QC．这可能是由于介质的多次散射作用的结果．   相似文献   

瞬时频域衰减属性及其在碳酸盐岩裂缝检测中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

喻岳钰  杨长春  王彦飞  吴萍 《地球物理学进展》2009,24(5):1717-1722

基于AVO梯度、走时及速度的纵波方位角裂缝检测已有较多研究和应用.由于裂缝及所含流体的综合作用,碳酸岩裂缝性储层的地震响应具有高频衰减、频带低移及方位各向异性的特点,因此应用衰减属性进行裂缝预测具有重要价值.基于小波变换计算的瞬时频域振幅谱及以此为基础提取的衰减属性,由于在时域和频域都有较好的分辨率能力,能够准确地刻画出碳酸岩裂缝性储层的非均质性.结合三维地震纵波数据的分方位角处理和分析技术,可以由方位衰减属性估算裂缝相对密度.对Z区下古生界潜山碳酸岩储层进行的裂缝预测表明,由衰减梯度和85%能量比频率两种属性导出的裂缝发育密度具有很好的相关性,且与实际情况符合.  相似文献   

基于地震剖面瞬时峰值能量频率的衰减分析与气藏预测方法   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

张金陵  符力耘  孙秋霞  裴正林 《地球物理学进展》2009,24(5):1723-1731

由于流体本身的粘滞性和摩擦性,使得地震波在含油气地层中传播时衰减形成低频阴影.通过对叠后地震资料做时频分解,分析地层衰减特征,是当前除了AVO技术之外,比较流行的直接识别流体和气藏的技术.本文基于波动方程正演,模拟了地震波对含油气地层的响应.然后采用连续小波变换分析不同尺度剖面的瞬时能量特征,提取分频剖面上每一个点的峰值能量对应的频率,得到瞬时峰值能量频率剖面.通过分析瞬时峰值能量频率剖面,分析了地震波在地下介质中传播时的衰减特征.最后应用此方法对实际地震剖面进行了分析,验证了其有效性.  相似文献   

基于小波分频叠前相干噪声压制方法   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

覃天 《地球物理学进展》2009,24(4):1426-1430

基于小波分析的去噪方法在地震资料叠前处理中得到了广泛应用.本文主要介绍利用小波变换的分频特性来压制相干噪声.通过小波分频技术将叠前地震信号分解为不同频带,然后利用有效波和相干干扰波的频谱差异来区分有效信号和噪声,最后利用加权方法去掉不需要的噪声信息来达到去除相干噪声的目的.实际资料的处理结果表明：基于小波分频方法能很好地压制相干噪声,从而提高地震资料信噪比和分辨率.  相似文献   

Source Parameters for 1999 North Anatolian Fault Zone Aftershocks     

Rengin Gök  Lawrence Hutchings  Kevin Mayeda  Doğan Kalafat 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2009,166(4):547-566

We develop a data set of aftershock recordings of the 1999, M = 7.4 Izmit and M = 7.2 Duzce (Turkey) earthquakes to study their source parameters. We combined seismograms from 44 stations maintained by several sources (organizations) to obtain a unified data set of events (2.1 ≤ M_w ≤ 5.5). We calculate source parameters of these small earthquakes by two methods that use different techniques to address the difficulty in obtaining source spectra for small earthquakes subject to interference from site response. One method (program NetMoment (NM), Hutchings, 2004) uses spectra of direct S waves in a simultaneous inversion of local high-frequency network data to estimate seismic moment, source corner frequency (f_c), site attenuation (k) and whole-path Q. This approach takes advantage of the source commonality in all recordings for a particular earthquake by fitting a common Brune source spectrum to the data with a and individual k. The second approach (Mayeda et al., 2003) uses the coda method (CM) to obtain “nonmodel-based” source spectra and moment estimates from selected broadband recording sites. We found that both methods do well for events that allow the comparison with seismic moment estimates derived from waveform modeling. Also, source spectra obtained from the two methods are very closely matched for most of the events they have in common. We use an F test to examine the trade-off between k and f_c picks identified by the direct S-wave method. About half of the events could be constrained to have less than a 50% average uncertainty in f_c and k. We used these source spectra solutions to calculate energy and apparent stress and compare these to estimates from the selected “good quality” source spectra from CM. Both studies have values mutually consistent and show a similar increase in apparent stress with increasing moment. This result has added merit due to the independent approaches to calculate apparent stress. We conclude that both methods are at least partially validated by our study, and they both have usefulness for different circumstances of recording local small earthquakes. CM would work well in studies for which there is a broad magnitude range of events and NM works well for local events recorded by band-limited recorders.  相似文献   

地铁交通对某实验楼的环境振动的模拟分析     

邬玉斌  刘如山  杨学山  何先龙  杨立志 《世界地震工程》2008,24(4)

在地铁隧道附近,对于环境振动要求较高的特殊建筑物和精密仪器,地铁列车走行时引起的振动影响不容忽视。基于动力反应分析理论,通过建立有限元模型,并以实际测得的列车走行时地铁和轻轨在路基附近的加速度波形作为振动输入,模拟分析了正在规划修建的北京地铁8号线开通后将对附近某实验大楼内仪器可能造成的振动影响,同时对实验楼附近地铁振动的衰减规律进行了初步分析,为实验楼和仪器台是否应采取避振措施提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

福建地区中小地震地震动峰值衰减规律研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

金星  康兰池  欧益萍 《地震学报》2008,30(3):279-291

基于福建省地震监测台网7个基岩台站1999——2007年获得的94次地震(ML=2.8——4.9,Delta;=13——462 km)的1974条宽频带速度记录, 利用实时仿真方法得到了相应的加速度记录, 进而利用不同的模型对数据进行回归分析, 获得了福建地区基岩场地中小地震峰值加速度和峰值速度的衰减关系, 并用2007年8月29日永春M4.6地震对该规律进行验证. 本文方法为速度资料研究地震动衰减规律提供了新的思路.   相似文献   

Ground motion attenuation relation for small to moderate earthquakes in Fujian region, China     

金星  康兰池  欧益萍 《地震学报(英文版)》2008,21(3):283-295

We collect 1974 broad-band velocity records of 94 earthquakes (ML=2.8~4.9, △=13~462 km) from seven stations of the Fujian Seismic Network from March 1999 to March 2007. Using real-time simulation, we obtain the corresponding acceleration and then adopt different models to analyze the seismic data. As a result, a new attenuation relationship between PGA and PGV of the small and moderate earthquakes on bedrock site in Fujian region is established. The Yongchun earthquake occurred recently verifies the attenuation relationship well. This paper provides a new approach for studying the ground motion attenuation relationship using velocity records.  相似文献   

Copula joint function and its application in probability seismic hazard analysis     

李彦恒  史保平  张健 《地震学报(英文版)》2008,21(3):296-305

A mature mathematical technique called copula joint function is introduced in this paper, which is commonly used in the financial risk analysis to estimate uncertainty. The joint function is generalized to the n-dimensional Frank’s copula. In addition, we adopt two attenuation models proposed by YU and Boore et al, respectively, and construct a two-dimensional copula joint probabilistic function as an example to illustrate the uncertainty treatment at low probability. The results show that copula joint func...  相似文献