湖泊沉积物中元素相态的连续提取分析—以岱海为例   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

金章东  邹成娟  李福春  王苏民  沈吉  梁文波 《湖泊科学》2005,17(1):47-53

如何利用湖泊/海洋沉积物地球化学代用指标有效地指示环境很大程度取决于元素的来源及其在沉积物中赋存形态的确定.对位于半干旱区的内蒙古岱海14个沉积物样品的连续提取实验及18个元素在水可溶态、可交换态、碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态、有机物结合态及残留态等六种赋存相态中含量变化进行了测试和研究,结合沉积物的矿物组成,结果表明在岱海流域内只经历了较弱的化学风化过程,除了Ca和Sr外,其他元素主要赋存于残留态中,只发生了很小程度的活化溶解.受元素亲合性和湖水物理化学状态的制约,出溶的Sr与Ca的赋存相态基本一致,而出溶的Pb、Be、Co、Cu、K、Mn、Fe等元素则与自生碳酸盐、有机质表现出一定的亲合性.元素在不同赋存相态中分布为地球化学环境代用指标的提取和解释提供了机理性的实验依据.  相似文献   

太湖水体的总磷分布及湖流对其影响的数值研究   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

马生伟  蔡启铭 《湖泊科学》1997,9(4):325-330

用数值模拟的方法研究了太湖水体中ＴＰ分布特征及湖流对其影响,推导,建立了包括平流,水平扩散,沉降和底泥释放的浅水湖泊中污染物浓度分布计算的二维迎风有限元数值模式,并在给定若干点源条件下计算各种稳态流场下太湖水体中的ＴＰ分布。  相似文献   

Finite element analysis of reinforced embankment foundation     

A. Varadarajan  K. G. Sharma  M. A. A. Aly 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1999,23(2):103-114

A finite element analysis of a reinforced embankment-foundation system has been conducted using a coupled formulation and elastoplasticity theory. Such important factors as type of reinforcement, the type of clay, depth of foundation and drainage condition affecting the system have been systematically investigated using appropriate constitutive models to depict various components of the system and material parameters of two typical soft clay deposits found in India. The displacements, reinforcement force and maximum heights of the embankments are among the aspects presented and discussed. It is shown that the effectiveness of the reinforcement is dependent on its stiffness and the shear strength of the clay deposit. The foundation depth has significant effect on the nature and magnitude of displacement, the reinforcement force and the height of embankment. Drainage conditions are shown to markedly influence the effectiveness of reinforcement. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Finite element analysis for a finite conductivity fracture in an infinite poroelastic medium     

Y.-C. Li 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1999,23(3):187-215

In the technology of oil recovery, oil production rate can be increased by generation of a vertical conductive fracture adjacent to the well-bore. In this paper the seepage flow and isothermal deformation in both the oil formation and the fracture are studied by modelling the formation as a two-dimensional infinite poroelastic medium and the conductive fracture as a one-dimensional poroelastic material, saturated by a one-phase compressible fluid. The plane strain condition is employed. Solutions for a growing conductive fracture and a stationary conductive fracture in the infinite medium are obtained by means of the finite element method based on a variational principle for the formation which can impose the governing equations of the fracture. Infinite elements are used outside the finite element domain. Numerical results indicate that the injection rate, the applied pressure and the crack mouth opening displacement at the well-bore oscillate during the propagation of the conductive fracture. The production rate of a well with the conductive fracture is compared with that of a well without the conductive fracture. Finally, a new definition of the conductivity coefficient for the conductive fracture is presented. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

DEM simulation of granular media—structure interface: effects of surface roughness and particle shape     

Richard P. Jensen  Peter J. Bosscher  Michael E. Plesha  Tuncer B. Edil 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1999,23(6):531-547

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Pile driving by numerical cavity expansion     

Mounir E. Mabsout  Salah M. Sadek  Toufic E. Smayra 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1999,23(11):1121-1140

A cavity expansion procedure for the simulation of pile driving is presented and assessed in this paper. The analysis uses a non-linear finite-element model and the penetration of the pile into the soil is simulated by a radial opening of the soil around the pile. The case of a pile advanced by expansion will be compared to a similar pile subjected to computational driving (referred to, respectively, as ‘expanded’ and ‘driven’ piles for convenience). The state of stress and deformation, and the evolution of pore-water pressure in the soil will be monitored for the expanded and driven piles. Further computational driving will be applied to both cases and the pile response and soil resistance will be compared. The computational cost of advancing the pile by expansion will finally be investigated. Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Limit state analysis of earthen slopes using dual continuum/FEM approaches     

Colby C. Swan  Young-Kyo Seo 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1999,23(12):1359-1371

A framework alternative to that of classical slope stability analysis is developed, wherein the soil mass is treated as a continuum and in-situ soil stresses and strengths are computed accurately using inelastic finite element methods with general constitutive models. Within this framework, two alternative methods of stability analysis are presented. In the first, the strength characteristics of the soil mass are held constant, and the gravitational loading on the slope system is increased until failure is initiated by well-defined mechanisms. In the second approach, the gravity loading on the slope system is held constant, while the strength parameters of the soil mass are gradually decreased until well-defined failure mechanisms develop. Details on applying both of the proposed methods, and comparisons of their characteristics on a number of solved example problems are presented. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Instability of gradient dependent elasto-viscoplasticity for clay     

E. C. Aifantis  F. Oka  A. Yashima  T. Adachi 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1999,23(10):973-994

A gradient-dependent viscoplastic constitutive model for water saturated clay is proposed to describe the strain localization phenomena and pattern formation during deformation. Second- and fourth-order gradients of volumetric viscoplastic strain are introduced into the constitutive equations to account for the non-local effects due to the motion of microstructures. A linear perturbation analysis is applied to this model. The instability of the government equations (i.e. the constitutive equations and the equations of motion for the clay skeleton and pore water) is discussed for both the one-dimensional and the two-dimensional situations. In addition, issues concerned with the formulation of boundary value problems by finite element analysis in relation to the formulation and the boundary conditions are presented. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

An axi-symmetric infinite element for transient radial flow problems     

N. Khalili  S. Valliappan  M. Yazdchi 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1999,23(8):801-813

The formulation of an axi-symmetric infinite element for transient analysis of flow problems in unbounded domain is presented. The theoretical basis as well as the implementation of the element is discussed, and the element decay function is derived using the analytical solution of a one-dimensional axially symmetric configuration. The form of decay within the element is described as a function of both time and space, and thus the hydraulic head distribution in the far field is simulated rigorously. The accuracy and the efficiency of the proposed element are demonstrated through several numerical examples in infinite media. In general, it is shown that using the present infinite element transient flow problems in unbounded domains can be simulated effectively. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Use of sparse iterative methods for the resolution of three-dimensional soil/structure interaction problems     

H. Mroueh  I. Shahrour 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1999,23(15):1961-1975

In this paper we present a study of the performance of sparse iterative solvers regarding the resolution of three-dimensional and non-linear problems encountered in soil/structure interaction. It is composed of two parts. In the first one, we present briefly iterative methods and preconditioners used in this study, then we analyse their performance on three soil/structure interaction problems: a shallow foundation under a vertical loading, a single pile subjected to a lateral loading and the construction of a lined tunnel in a soft soil. Tests are performed assuming an elastic–perfectly plastic constitutive law for the soil material with a non-associated Mohr–Coulomb flow rule. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献