An enlarged and updated internally consistent thermodynamic dataset with uncertainties and correlations: the system K2O–Na2O–CaO–MgO–MnO–FeO–Fe2O3–Al2O3–TiO2–SiO2–C–H2–O2     

T. J. B. HOLLAND  R. POWELL 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1990,8(1):89-124

We present, as a progress report, a revised and much enlarged version of the thermodynamic dataset given earlier (Holland & Powell, 1985). This new set includes data for 123 mineral and fluid end-members made consistent with over 200 P–T–X_CO2–f_O2 phase equilibrium experiments. Several improvements and advances have been made, in addition to the increased coverage of mineral phases: the data are now presented in three groups ranked according to reliability; a large number of iron-bearing phases has been included through experimental and, in some cases, natural Fe:Mg partitioning data; H₂O and CO₂ contents of cordierites are accounted for with the solution model of Kurepin (1985); simple Landau theory is used to model lambda anomalies in heat capacity and the Al/Si order–disorder behaviour in some silicates, and Tschermak-substituted end-members have been derived for iron and magnesium end-members of chlorite, talc, muscovite, biotite, pyroxene and amphibole. For the subset of data which overlap those of Berman (1988), it is encouraging to find both (1) very substantial agreement between the two sets of thermodynamic data and (2) that the two sets reproduce the phase equilibrium experimental brackets to a very similar degree of accuracy. The main differences in the two datasets involve size (123 as compared to 67 end-members), the methods used in data reduction (least squares as compared to linear programming), and the provision for estimation of uncertainties with this dataset. For calculations on mineral assemblages in rocks, we aim to maximize the information available from the dataset, by combining the equilibria from all the reactions which can be written between the end-members in the minerals. For phase diagram calculations, we calculate the compositions of complex solid solutions (together with P and T) involved in invariant, univariant and divariant assemblages. Moreover we strongly believe in attempting to assess the probable uncertainties in calculated equilibria and hence provide a framework for performing simple error propagation in all calculations in thermocalc, the computer program we offer for an effective use of the dataset and the calculation methods we advocate.  相似文献   

Simulating watershed runoff with a new data model     

Femke Reitsma  Ralph Dubayah 《水文研究》2007,21(18):2447-2457

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Experimental and theoretical transition probabilities in singly ionized gold     

É. Biémont  K. Blagoev  V. Fivet  G. Malcheva  R. Mayo  M. Ortiz  P. Quinet 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,380(4):1581-1588

Absolute transition probabilities have been measured for lines originating from the 5d⁹6d and 5d⁹7s electronic configurations in the spectrum of singly ionized gold (Au  ii ). The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy has been applied to free gold atoms and ions produced by laser ablation. Absolute transition probabilities have been determined using the branching fraction and the Boltzmann plot methods. Theoretical branching fractions as well as radiative lifetime values have also been obtained by a relativistic Hartree–Fock method taking core polarization and configuration interaction effects into account. The new results are compared with previous results when available.  相似文献   

基于数据挖掘探析针刺治疗支气管哮喘的选穴规律          下载免费PDF全文

刘志艳  李梦光  杨涛 《应用海洋学学报》2024,40(1):39

目的：通过数据挖掘分析针刺治疗支气管哮喘的选穴规律。方法：检索中国知网(CNKI)、维普中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)、万方数据(WANFANG DATA)、中国生物医学文献服务系统(SinoMed)自建库至2022年9月20日收录的针刺治疗支气管哮喘的临床研究文献，通过中医传承辅助平台系统V2.5进行频次、关联规则、聚类、核心处方分析。结果：共纳入42篇文献，包含52个腧穴，总使用频次为272次，使用频次排前10位的腧穴依次为：肺俞、定喘、足三里、丰隆、膻中、尺泽、列缺、天突、风门、大椎;常用腧穴主要分布于足太阳膀胱经、手太阴肺经、任脉。特定穴多选用背俞穴、交会穴及五输穴。腧穴配伍以肺俞-定喘最为常见。核心腧穴处方：肺俞、定喘、足三里、丰隆、膻中、风门。结论：特定穴的选用是针刺治疗哮喘组方的重要组成部分，临床应重视“治脏者，治其俞”之选穴思想，突出“局部配穴”“远近配穴”“前后配穴”之配穴特点，从而体现“扶正祛邪，标本兼顾”之治疗原则。  相似文献   

Quality control and homogeneity of Turkish precipitation data     

Ozan Mert Göktürk  Deniz Bozkurt  Ömer Lütfi Şen  Mehmet Karaca 《水文研究》2008,22(16):3210-3218

Outlier trimming and homogeneity checking/correction were performed on the monthly precipitation time series of various lengths from 267 stations in Turkey. Outlier values are usually found during dry summer months, and are concentrated mostly over the southern parts of the country, where the dry period is most pronounced, implying natural extremes rather than wrong measurements. Homogeneity analysis was done using the Standard Normal Homogeneity Test, on an individual monthly basis, which led to many non‐testable series due to lack of reference stations, especially during summer months. Yet, remaining testable months were usually helpful for the assessment of homogenity, revealing a well distributed set of stations that proved to be homogeneous. There were still a number of stations which either could not be tested efficiently, or were classified as inhomogeneous. Lack of metadata is argued to be largely responsible for inefficient homogeneity testing. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A data assimilation approach to discharge estimation from space     

Jeffrey Neal  Guy Schumann  Paul Bates  Wouter Buytaert  Patrick Matgen  Florian Pappenberger 《水文研究》2009,23(25):3641-3649

River discharge is currently monitored by a diminishing network of gauges, which provide a spatially incomplete picture of global discharges. This study assimilated water level information derived from a fused satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image and digital terrain model (DTM) with simulations from a coupled hydrological and hydrodynamic model to estimate discharge in an un‐gauged basin scenario. Assimilating water level measurements led to a 79% reduction in ensemble discharge uncertainty over the coupled hydrological hydrodynamic model alone. Measurement bias was evident, but the method still provided a means of improving estimates of discharge for high flows. The study demonstrates the potential of currently available synthetic aperture radar imagery to reduce discharge uncertainty in un‐gauged basins when combined with model simulations in a data assimilation framework, where sufficient topographic data are available. The work is timely because in the near future the launch of satellite radar missions will lead to a significant increase in the volume of data available for space‐borne discharge estimation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Reconstructing the history of dark energy using maximum entropy     

Caroline Zunckel  Roberto Trotta 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,380(3):865-876

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GAIM电离层同化方法进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

黄珹  郭鹏  洪振杰  严豪健  胡小工  丁金才  张训械 《天文学进展》2007,25(3):236-248

电离层是复杂的空间层结,其变化受太阳活动强度、地球磁场等因素影响。随着空间技术发展的需求,电离层天气变化成为目前空间天气预报最重要的内容之一。最近10年,人们利用卫星在电离层观测方面取得了重大进展,尤其引人注意的是:无线电掩星观测技术正走向应用的新阶段,加上已经建立的全球大量的地基GPS观测网,它们不仅为电离层动力学模式研究提供了丰富的电离层资料,而且为电离层预报提供了很好基础。因此,电离层天气预报成为当前重要的、前瞻性的研究方向,电离层资料同化是电离层预报最重要的研究内容之一。该文系统介绍这方面国际动态,重点是美国的USC/JPL和犹他州大学开展全球电离层同化模型研究、全球电离层同化研究的进展,以及在电离层天气预报中应用的初步成果。  相似文献   

Mapping on the HEALPix grid     

Mark R. Calabretta  Boudewijn F. Roukema 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,381(2):865-872

The natural spherical projection associated with the Hierarchical Equal-Area and Isolatitude Pixelization (HEALPix) is described and shown to be one of a hybrid class that combines the cylindrical equal-area and Collignon projections, not previously documented in the cartographic literature. Projection equations are derived for the class in general and are used to investigate its properties. It is shown that the HEALPix projection suggests a simple method of (i) storing and (ii) visualizing data sampled on the grid of the HEALPix pixelization, and also suggests an extension of the pixelization that is better suited for these purposes. Potentially useful properties of other members of the class are described, and new triangular and hexagonal pixelizations are constructed from them. Finally, the standard formalism is defined for representing the celestial coordinate system for any member of the class in the FITS data format.  相似文献   

Simulations for multi-object spectrograph planet surveys     

Stephen R. Kane  Donald P. Schneider  Jian Ge 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,377(4):1610-1622

Radial velocity surveys for extrasolar planets generally require substantial amounts of large telescope time in order to monitor a sufficient number of stars. Two of the aspects which can limit such surveys are the single-object capabilities of the spectrograph, and an inefficient observing strategy for a given observing window. In addition, the detection rate of extrasolar planets using the radial velocity method has thus far been relatively linear with time. With the development of various multi-object Doppler survey instruments, there is growing potential to dramatically increase the detection rate using the Doppler method. Several of these instruments have already begun usage in large-scale surveys for extrasolar planets, such as Fibre Large Array Multi Element Spectrograph (FLAMES) on the Very Large Telescope (VLT) and Keck Exoplanet Tracker (ET) on the Sloan 2.5-m wide-field telescope.
In order to plan an effective observing strategy for such a program, one must examine the expected results based on a given observing window and target selection. We present simulations of the expected results from a generic multi-object survey based on calculated noise models and sensitivity for the instrument and the known distribution of exoplanetary system parameters. We have developed code for automatically sifting and fitting the planet candidates produced by the survey to allow for fast follow-up observations to be conducted. The techniques presented here may be applied to a wide range of multi-object planet surveys.  相似文献