快速城镇化地区外来人口入户时空特征与影响因素分析 ——基于2010～2015年东莞积分入户全样本数据     

李先锋  李郇  杜志威 《地理科学》2019,39(5):742-749

以快速城镇化代表地区东莞为案例,采用已经实现入户的全样本人口数据,分析外来人口入户的时空变化特征及其影响因素。研究发现：外来人口的积分入户随时间变化具有明显的阶段特征,与外来人口总量的空间存在一定差异;外来人口入户随年龄增加呈现先增后减倒U型的曲线,入户的外来人口结构趋向于男性化、高学历化;积分入户政策调整对入户人数变化非常显著,且具有明显的选择性和导向性;迁入地的社会经济水平与公共服务容量对积分入户有较强的影响,服务业经济对外来人口的吸引力高于制造业经济;连续居住和拥有住房是外来人口户籍转变的关键性标志,子女入学是现阶段外来人口实现入户的核心特征。从推动优质教育资源均衡发展、优化与完善积分制政策作用、提升城镇经济水平和空间品质等方面提出相关政策启示。  相似文献   

基于结构方程模型的农户生态补偿参与意愿影响因素研究——以宁夏盐池县为例          下载免费PDF全文

周俊俊  杨美玲  樊新刚  肖成权  贾红丽 《干旱区地理》2019,42(5):1185-1194

农户参与意愿是影响生态补偿的重要因素,为了探索农户生态补偿参与意愿的影响因素及其重要程度,寻找提高生态补偿实施绩效的对策措施,以宁夏盐池县为例进行研究。盐池县地处我国北方农牧交错生态脆弱带,承担着区域重要生态系统服务功能,在此背景下选取8个典型乡镇、26个行政村调研,基于279份农户调查数据,构建结构方程模型,分析盐池县农户生态补偿参与意愿的影响因素。结果表明:(1)农户家庭特征正向影响生态补偿参与意愿,它还通过自然资本拥有量、环境感知及政策认知,继而间接影响生态补偿参与意愿。(2)自然资本拥有量对生态补偿参与意愿产生直接显著的负向影响。(3)环境感知直接影响农户生态补偿参与意愿,且影响效应最小。(4)政策认知直接正向影响农户生态补偿参与意愿,且影响效应最大。最后,基于影响盐池县农户生态补偿参与意愿的关键因素,提出了完善生态补偿机制的对策建议。  相似文献   

秦巴山特困区农户生计资本及生计策略研究——以商洛市为例          下载免费PDF全文

刘倩  张戬  何艳冰  杨新军 《干旱区地理》2020,43(1):237-247

基于秦巴山商洛地区农户问卷调查数据,在可持续生计框架下,聚焦不同群体之间生计资本状况,并探讨其农户生计资本对生计策略选择的影响以及生计资本的耦合性。结果表明：（1） 山区农户生计策略出现明显分化,依据非农收入比重分为纯务工型、务工主导型、兼业型和纯农型4种类型。（2） 调研样本中农户生计资本有限和不均衡,呈现金融资本和社会资本相对较高,自然资本、人力资本偏低的特征。非贫困户中兼业型生计资本总值最高,务工主导型、纯务工型次之,纯农型最低;贫困户中务工主导型生计资本总值最高,纯务工型、兼业型次之,纯农型最低。（3） 非贫困户中人均耕地面积、人均林地面积、耕地质量、职业技能水平、政治资源、就业网络对纯务工型农户向务工主导型、兼业型转变有着积极影响,家庭人均收入、男性劳动力比例则具有负向影响;家庭人均收入和职业技能水平对于纯务工型向纯农型转变有负向影响。贫困户中人均耕地面积、人均林地面积、政治资源对纯务工型农户向务工主导型、兼业型和纯农型转变具有正向影响,家庭人均收入、劳动力教育水平、职业技能水平、联系成本则具有负向影响。（4） 非贫困农户生计资本耦合度依次为兼业型＞务工主导型＞纯务工型＞纯农型;贫困农户则为兼业型＞纯务工型＞务工主导型＞纯农型。因此,开展农户可持续性生计研究,对于农户减贫、促进乡村地区发展具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Impact of labor transfer on agricultural land use conversion at rural household level based on Logit model     

Taiyang Zhong  Xiuying Zhang  Xianjin Huang 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2008,18(4):300-307

Since land and labor force are primary resources to be used and controlled by rural households, the allocation of labor forces will influence land uses, and further lead to land use conversion. The present study used the Binary Logit model to investigate the influence of labor force transfer, characteristics of rural households, location, and land market on agricultural land use conversion at rural household level. This study was conducted based on 329 valid questionnaires, which were obtained in Changshu, Rudong, and Tongshan counties, respectively representing the southern, middle and northern areas of Jiangsu Province. The results showed that land market participation, location, zonal difference and labor transfer had strong influences on agricultural land use conversion. The participation of land market had a strong positive effect on land use conversion, especially for the farmland converted to the fishpond. The nearer to the county seat, the more conversion of land use occurred. Particularly, the labor force transfer caused by wage employment decreased this conversion probability, while the labor transfer caused by self-employment led to more conversion; and the increasing of income from labor transfer increased the conversion. Moreover, land use conversions demonstrated zonal difference, which were more in Rudong and Changshu counties than in Tongshan County, and the factors influencing this conversion were different in the three regions.  相似文献   

THE LIVELIHOOD VULNERABILITY OF RURAL HOUSEHOLD IN THE EARTHQUAKE-STRICKEN AREA OF NING'ER,YUNNAN PROVINCE          下载免费PDF全文

WEI Ben-yong  SU Gui-wu  QI Wen-hua  SUN Lei  WU Yang  JIN Yi-fan 《地震地质》2017,39(1):158-171

Strengthening livelihood capacities and making them sustainable is a crucial component of disaster risk reduction. Earthquake disaster not only destroys the whole social production and life system, but also seriously affects the livelihood activities and reduces the livelihood capability of people in the earthquake-hit area. In this paper, taking the stricken area of Ning'erM_S6.4 earthquake in 2007 as an example, we analyzed the livelihood vulnerability of rural household in Yunnan, using the method of questionnaire and on-site interview. The results show that on the whole, the rural household livelihood is much more vulnerable, which would lead to the higher risk of livelihood in Ning'er earthquake-hit area, Yunnan. The main reasons for the higher vulnerability of rural household are the lacks of single or multiple livelihood capitals. Moreover, the livelihood vulnerabilities of rural households with the lacks of human capitals and multiple capitals are the highest. The rural households with the lacks of human capitals and multiple capitals would face much more risk of livelihood. To expand their social capital, raise their cultural quality, increase the ways for living, accelerate household wealth accumulation and improve the level of household buildings are the effective ways of reducing livelihood vulnerability and decreasing the effects of earthquake disaster for local rural households in Ning'er, Yunnan.  相似文献   

陇中黄土丘陵区农户收入对退耕还林(草)政策的响应——以龙滩小流域为例     

王子婷  李广  蔡国军  柴春山  张洋东  戚建莉 《中国沙漠》2020,40(1):223-232

退耕还林（草）政策的实施有效改善了陇中黄土丘陵区小流域生态环境、抑制了严重的水土流失,然而,对该区退耕还林（草）政策的实施和交通便利程度对小流域农户收入结构的耦合影响及互馈作用机制尚不清楚。本文选取定西市安定区巉口镇龙滩小流域为研究区,通过问卷调查获取3个区120个农户家庭土地利用情况、经营方式及收入数据,运用方差分析、回归分析和通径分析等方法定量分析交通便利程度和退耕还林比例对农户收入的影响与调控作用。结果表明：退耕还林比例影响了农田面积,进而影响了玉米和马铃薯的种植面积,由此增加了种植业收入,从而导致3个区低比例退耕还林农户收入均高于高比例退耕还林农户收入。同时退耕面积的增加也促使劳动力向非农产业的转移,而交通便利程度影响农户家庭打工人口比例,从而导致Ⅰ（交通便利）区农户的收入显著高于Ⅱ（交通欠发达）和Ⅲ（交通闭塞）区。交通便利程度和退耕还林比例通过农田面积、退耕还林地面积、玉米和马铃薯种植面积及打工人数等影响种植业、劳务输出和退耕还林政策性补助,进而影响流域内农户的收入水平。总之,退耕还林（草）政策的实施影响了陇中黄土丘陵区种植业和劳务输出产业的发展且存在区域差异,而对该区养殖业、林业及副业带动有限。因而,在新一轮退耕还林（草）政策实施之际,该区在加强交通等乡村基础条件建设的同时还需推动林下经济、特色养殖及副业发展,降低农户对种植业和退耕还林政策性补助的依赖,以此实现陇中黄土丘陵区生态和经济的可持续发展,提升农村绿色生产力。  相似文献   

Environmental Perception,Sense of Place,and Residence Time in the Okavango Delta,Botswana     

Amelia C. Eisenhart  Kelley A. Crews Meyer  Brian King  Kenneth R. Young 《The Professional geographer》2019,71(1):109-122

Integral to the geographic discipline are cross-cultural analyses, many of which use languages outside of the researcher’s own. There are few analyses, however, that address issues of translation that are inherently geographic; namely, that language is understood as a manifestation of place and culture. This article argues that the results of environmental interviews must be interpreted through a lens that evaluates how the translation of a word, or even a concept, is understood differentially based on one’s sense of place. Interviews were conducted in three of the Etsha villages situated in the Okavango Delta, Botswana, comparing perceptions of changes in both the local area and the flooding regime. Findings show qualitatively and quantitatively how residents perceive environmental change in light of their residential histories and their production of place. These results highlight that environmental change in an area is perceived in the context of previous residences, including the length of time spent in residence and the environmental characterization of that place. The process of interviewing regarding such change, especially when translation is necessary, should therefore proceed by incorporating inquiries about previous residences and the environments of those areas to correctly contextualize environmental change in a particular area.  相似文献   

Exploring Social and Spatial Patterns in Private Vehicle Fuel Efficiency: a case study of Brisbane and Sydney,Australia     

Tiebei Li  Jago Dodson  Neil Sipe 《The Australian geographer》2015,46(2):217-233

Australian cities have seen continued growth in private car travel that has resulted in increasing vehicle energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. While much research has shown that vehicle demand is related to urban spatial structure, very little research has investigated the spatial patterns of private vehicle fuel efficiency (VFE) and its association with socio-spatial circumstances in urban areas. This study has combined State-level motor vehicle registration datasets with standard vehicle efficiency measures that permit a comprehensive understanding of spatial variation of VFE in urban areas. A spatial-based technique was applied to explore intra-urban patterns in socio-spatial conditions of private vehicle efficiency in Brisbane and Sydney. In both cities, the VFE of the private vehicle fleet tends to be lower in outer suburbs than in middle and inner suburbs. The analysis further shows that by linking the standard vehicle efficiency measures to the entire urban fleet datasets the VFE outcome showed a moderate relationship to socio-spatial variables in both cities. The built environment and household economic status are more transferable factors that relate to the VFE across different urban contexts. Outcomes from this research are of relevance to policy makers charged with identifying highly oil-vulnerable communities and designing intervention strategies to improve household vehicle efficiency.  相似文献   

渭河下游不同类型区农户生活用能排放差异研究     

朱虹颖  吴文恒  杨新军  张敬飒 《地理科学进展》2015,34(2)

不同类型农村地区具有不同的能源消费取向,其造成的用能排放也呈明显的区域差异。研究农户生活用能排放分异,对深刻认识区域发展状况、制定合理的区域用能和环境管理政策具有重要意义。本文选取渭河下游临渭区为研究区,通过问卷调查与访谈方式获取基础数据,采用排放系数法测算平原地区、黄土台塬、秦岭山地的农户生活用能排放,利用灰色关联法识别用能排放差异的影响因素,结果发现:1不同类型地区农户生活用能排放差异显著。沼气比例较大的黄土台塬用能排放最低(1850.43 kg),薪柴为主的秦岭山地用能排放最高(2556.68 kg),多元化用能的平原地区排放居中(1863.20 kg)。2生活用能主要污染物CO2的排放量由平原向台塬、山区依次升高;其余污染物排放量高低,三类地区并无固定顺序:TSP排放秦岭山地居高,固体废弃物排放平原地区居多,这与各类地区主导用能类型相关。3影响用能排放差异的根本原因是区域能源供应能力,亦与区域环境影响下农户特征差异有关,依次为农户年龄结构、文化程度、家庭经济水平和职业结构。  相似文献   

新疆三工河流域生态移民的农户响应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

唐宏  杨德刚  张新焕  王国刚 《地理科学进展》2011,30(4):463-469

基于农户访谈和问卷调查,对新疆三工河流域生态移民前后农户生产生活和土地利用等问题进行调查,以了解生态移民政策的成效,并探讨政策执行中存在的相关问题,对该区域及其他地区继续实施生态移民提供借鉴.研究结果显示:① 2007年前后搬迁农户的类型具有一定差异性,农户生态移民意愿与户主文化程度无关,与户主年龄和家庭人口数有一定关...  相似文献