PRINCIPLES OF RIVER TRAINING AND MANAGEMENT     

Zhaoyin WANG Shimin TIAN Yujun YI Guoan YU 《国际泥沙研究》2007,22(4):247-262

River regulation and river training have been performed for various purposes and negative effects have been shown in numerous cases. In some cases the negative effects are so serious that humans have to consider to "renaturalize" the regulated rivers. Only by using the strategy of integrated river management the diverse river uses and natural fluvial processes and ecological systems may be harmonized. Based on analysis of case studies and data collected from literatures this paper presents the concept of integrated river management and four principles of river training. The integrated river management comprises: 1) taking the watershed, upper stream basin including the tributaries, middle and lower reaches and the estuary as an integrated entity in the planning, design and management; and 2) mitigating or controlling the negative impacts on hydrology, erosion and sedimentation, fluvial processes, land use and river use, environment and ecology while in achieving economic benefit from water resources development, flood safety management and hydropower exploitation. River training and management should be in accordance with the four principles: 1) extending the duration of river water flowing on the continent, which may be achieved by extending the river course or reducing the flow velocity; 2) controlling various patterns of erosions and reducing the sediment transportation in the rivers; 3) increasing the diversity of habitat and enhancing the connectivity between the river and riparian waters; and 4) restoring natural landscapes.  相似文献   

由多帧欠采样影像重建高分辨率影像的方法   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

钦桂勤  耿则勋等 《测绘学院学报》2002,19(1):32-35

针对同一区域多帧影像分辨率均很低的情况，首先讨论了多帧1维欠采样影像重建理论及模型，在此基础上分析了2维多帧欠采样影像的重建问题，推导出一般模型。实验结果表明，由多帧具有相异信息的欠采样影像经过完全配准后，可以生成一幅空间高分辨率的影像。  相似文献   

MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ANATURE-LIKE BANK PROTECTION     

Silke WIEPRECHT Department of Geology  Groundwater  Morphology  German Federal Institute of Hydrology  Koblenz  Germany 《国际泥沙研究》2001,16(2)

1 INTRODUCTIONFor the pmpose of river restoration of the river Isar in the city area of Munich several inveshgationswere cAned out at the InshtUte for Hydrosciences, German Armed Forces University Munich. The calculation ofwater level for the differnt planned variants were realized by a 2d mathematical model. Although thesesimulahons were a very helpfol basis for fuIther planing, a physical model was constrUcted in order toinvestigate detalled problems.The main interest was focussed …  相似文献   

喜马拉雅运动：对川滇交界区古地理重建的制约和楚雄盆地的改造   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10  

吴根耀  马力  许效松  徐克定 《古地理学报》2001,3(2):3-10

简述了喜马拉雅运动三大变形幕的运动学特征并分析了在楚雄地区的反映。在剥去喜马拉雅运动的改造、把攀西地堑系和滇中海槽复原到建造时的位置后（楚雄盆地视作相对原地的），以“盆”“山”耦合的思路重塑了古特提斯分支洋盆的演化及这些盆地的发育。川滇交界区尽管发生燕山运动，印支期建立起来的“盆”“山”耦合关系直至喜马拉雅运动才脱耦。分析了脱耦的各种表现及第四纪内继承的新构造运动对盆地保存和油气成藏的不利因素。  相似文献   

盆中丘陵区生态恢复重建的生态与经济效益亟待提高   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

钟祥浩 《山地学报》2001,(Z1)

以紫色岩为背景的盆中丘陵区 ,是构建长江上游生态屏障的重点地区。近 10多年来 ,以林木植被恢复重建为主要内容的生态建设取得了显著成效 ,平均森林覆盖率已达到 2 2 %。但是 ,森林植被生态系统的生态与经济功能尚处于较低的水平 ,其中桤柏混交林生态系统开始出现退化的趋势 ,纯柏林面积日趋扩大 ,病虫害逐年增多。为此需应用生态学和经济学原理 ,实施农村生态经济工程建设的途径 ,把该地区生态建设推向一个新的水平。  相似文献   

图象恢复在工业CT中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

顾本立  葛云 《CT理论与应用研究》1996,5(4):1-5

对于以影象增强器为检测系统的目标旋转式工业ＣＴ，分析了其图象退化的因素，采用对一维投影数据进行图象恢复的方法来提高ＣＴ图象质量。文中给出图象恢复公式，从计算机模拟和实验图象恢复的结果可看到所用方法提高了图象清晰度。  相似文献   

浙江山区珍稀濒危植物的分布特征与保护     

刘鹏  陈立人 《山地学报》1996,(4)

浙江山区的珍稀濒危植物较为丰富，有６７科、１０８属、１２５种．论述了当地珍稀濒危植物的特点、地理分布、属和种的地理成分，探讨了珍稀濒危植物的就地保护、迁地保护和离体保存．  相似文献   

Caspian Sea amphipods: biodiversity,systematic position and ecological peculiarities of some species     

Galina M. Pjatakova  Anatolyi G. Tarasov 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1996,5(1):63-79

In the Caspian Sea, one group of crustaceans, the Amphipoda, is represented by 72(70?) species, 60(58?) of which are gammarids, arranged in 20 genera. Almost all are endemic to the Ponto-Caspian zoogeographical region. To simplify the taxonomy of the genusGammarus Fabricius s.l., the Caspian gammarids ought to be grouped in 4 genera:Dikerogammarus Stebbing,Pontogammarus Sowinsky,Stenogammarus Martynov, andChaetogammarus Martynov. Taking into account the influence of different ecological factors on the external morphology of gammarids, we consider that all described forms ofDikerogammarus haemobaphes (Eichwald),D. villosus (Sowinsky),D. palmatus Martynov,D. fluviatilus Martynov, and perhapsD. aralensis (Uljanin) are one species —D. haemobaphes. Study of the ecological area and distribution ofIphigenella andrusovi Sars,Pandorites podoceroides (Grimm) andChaetogammarus placidus Sars indicates that these species are endemic to the Caspian Sea.  相似文献   

Empirical relationships between diversity of invertebrate communities and altitude in rivers: Application to biomonitoring     

Claude Lang  Olivier Reymond 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1993,55(3):188-196

The relationships between the diversity of invertebrate communities and the altitude of sampling sites were analysed in 438 benthic samples, collected between 1982 and 1991, in 56 rivers of western Switzerland. Diversity, estimated from total number of taxa (genus or family) and from number of taxa intolerant of pollution, was positively correlated with increasing altitude. In contrast, density of human population and the level of organic pollution were negatively correlated with increasing altitude. Therefore, the upstream increase of invertebrate diversity was attributed to the decrease of human population which is the main source of organic pollution. In this study, altitude was used, instead of organic pollution, to predict diversity. Empirical relationships between diversity and altitude were applied to surveys of water quality to describe the general altitudinal pattern characteristic for each region and to single out anomalous sites and rivers. In addition, changes in the altitudinal patterns of diversity can be used to monitor the recovery of rivers from pollution.  相似文献   

Bed waves at the basin scale: implications for river management and restoration     

L. Allan James 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2006,31(13):1692-1706

An extensive literature about fluvial sediment waves, slugs or pulses has emerged in the past 20 years. The concept has been useful in many respects, but has been applied to diverse phenomena using a variety of definitions. Moreover, inferred linkages between channel‐bed changes and sediment loads are often not justifiable. This paper reviews concepts of large fluvial sediment waves at scales extending to several tens of kilometres. It points out constraints on the inferences that can be made about sediment loads based on changes in channel‐bed elevation at this scale where channel sediment interacts with storage in floodplain and terrace deposits. The type area of G. K. Gilbert's initial sediment‐wave concept is re‐examined to show that neither wave translation nor dispersion occurred in the simple manner commonly assumed. Channel aggradation and return to graded conditions provide an alternative theory explaining Gilbert's observed bed‐elevation changes. Recognizing the evidence and implications of the former passage of a large‐scale bed wave is essential to the accurate diagnosis of catchment conditions and the adoption of appropriate river restoration goals or methods. Sediment loads, water quality, channel morphologic stability and aquatic ecosystems often reflect changes in sediment storage long after the channel bed has returned to grade. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献