Kinetic research on the sorption of aqueous cadmium on carbonate hydroxyapatite     

Yu LIU Huanyan XU 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):104-105

The sorption of aqueous cadmium on carbonate-hydroxyapatite （CHap） is a complicated non-homogeneous solid/water reaction, From kinetic point of view, it can be described by two stages： at the earlier stage, reaction rate is so fast that its kinetic course is intricate, and at the later stage, the rate of reaction becomes slow and the process of reaction accords with one order reaction kinetic equation. Experimental results show that the relationship between reaction rate constant kl and temperature T accords to Arrhenius Equation, and the activation energy of sorption （Ea） is 6.075 J/mol and frequency factor （A） is 220 s^-1. At the same time, reaction rate constant kl increases with decreasing Cd^2＋ initial concentration, on the contrary, with increasing pH and CHap dosage.  相似文献   

Form changes and bio-effect of cadmium in the alkaline soil operated by inorganic salts     

Zuwei WANG Xin LIU Hui ZHANG 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):86-86

Four soluble inorganic salts were used to examine their influences upon cadmium forms in the alkaline soil and the contents of cadmium absorbed by plants. After KCl solution added in the soil, the contents of effective form of cadmium in the soil increased from 28% to 122%, carbonate form decreased from 2% to 47%, iron-manganese oxidation form increased from 20% to 150%. As to the organic combination form, when the KCl solution of lower concentration was added in the soils, the organic combination form contents of cadmium would decrease, while the KCl solution of higher concentration was added in the soils, the organic combination form contents of cadmium would increase. After CaCl2 solution was added in the soils, the contents of effective form of cadmium in the soils increased from 7% to 33%, the carbonate form contents of cadmium decreased from 10% to 60%, the contents of the iron-manganese oxidation form of cadmium increased from 5% to 90%, the organic combination form of cadmium increased from 5% to 73%. After KH2PO4 solution was added in the soils, the contents of effective form of cadmium in the soils decreased from 20% to 46%, the carbonate form contents of cadmium decreased from 14% to39%, the contents of the iron-manganese oxidation form of cadmium increased from14% to 95%, the organic combination form of cadmium increased from 5% to 65%. After K2CO3 solution was added in the soil, the effective form contents of cadmium decreased from 5% to 22%, the carbonate form contents of cadmium increased from 12% to 64%, the contents of organic combination form of cadmium in the soils were similar to those of the carbonate form, increasing by 3%-38%. The content variation of the iron-manganese oxidation form of cadmium was slight after K2CO3 solution was added in the soils.  相似文献   

恩施州富硒区儿童发镉的调查     

邵器行  毛大钧  苏宏灿 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》1998,(2)

恩施州富硒区儿童发镉的调查邵器行（中国地质大学,武汉４３００７４）毛大钧苏宏灿（恩施州卫生防疫站,湖北恩施４４５０００）（恩施州妇幼保健院,湖北恩施４４５０００）关键词镉元素的组合效应儿童富硒区湖北恩施Ｃｄ是对人体有害的微量元素。在铅锌多金属硫化物矿...  相似文献   

Mobilization and attenuation of metals downstream from a base-metal mining site in the Mátra Mountains, northeastern Hungary     

László Ódor  Richard B Wanty  István Horváth  Ubul Fügedi 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1998,65(1):47-60

Regional geochemical baseline values have been established for Hungary by the use of low-density stream-sediment surveys of flood-plain deposits of large drainage basins and of the fine fraction of stream sediments. The baseline values and anomaly thresholds thus produced helped to evaluate the importance of high toxic element concentrations found in soils in a valley downstream of a polymetallic vein-type base-metal mine. Erosion of the mine dumps and flotation dump, losses of metals during filtering, storage and transportation, human neglects, and operational breakdowns, have all contributed to the contamination of a small catchment basin in a procession of releases of solid waste. The sulfide-rich waste material weathers to a yellow color; this layer of `yellow sand' blankets a narrow strip of the floodplain of Toka Creek in the valley near the town of Gyöngyösoroszi. Contamination was spread out in the valley by floods. Metals present in the yellow sand include Pb, As, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Sb. Exposure of the local population to these metals may occur through inhalation of airborne particulates or by ingestion of these metals that are taken up by crops grown in the valley. To evaluate the areal extent and depth of the contamination, active stream sediment, flood-plain deposits, lake or reservoir sediments, soils, and surface water were sampled along the erosion pathways downstream of the mine and dumps. The flood-plain profile was sampled in detail to see the vertical distribution of elements and to relate the metal concentrations to the sedimentation and contamination histories of the flood plain. Downward migration of mobile Zn and Cd from the contaminated upper layers under supergene conditions is observed, while vertical migration of Pb, As, Hg and Sb appears to be insignificant. Soil profiles of ¹³⁷Cs which originated from above-ground atomic bomb tests and the Chernobyl accident, provide good evidence that the upper 30–40 cm of the flood-plain sections, which includes the yellow sand contamination, were deposited in the last 30–40 years.  相似文献   

巯基棉分离富集5—Br—PAN—S光度法测定镉的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杜春  魏琴 《矿物岩石》1997,17(2):98-101

本文研究了镉与５－Ｂｒ－ＰＡＮ－Ｓ的显色条件。在ｐＨ９．５的缓冲液中，形成１∶２型的稳定配合物，配合物的最大吸收峰位于５４８ｎｍ波长处，表观摩尔吸光系数ε＝３．３×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１。镉量ρ（Ｃｄ２＋）／（ｍｇ·Ｌ－１）在０～１．６范围内符合比尔定律。采用巯基棉分离水中离子富集镉，提高了方法的选择性。本法用于水样分析，结果令人满意  相似文献   

Comparative Studies on Uptake Pathway of Cadmium by Perna viridis     

FANG Zhanqiang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2006,5(1):49-54

Experiments were designed to expose the filter-feeding bivalve Perna viridis to different Cd-contaminated water environments in order to compare the different pathways through which Cd is accumulated. Results show that mussels can accumulate Cd through seawater, food, sediment and suspended particle pathways in a short period of time. Mussels＇ uptake of Cd through the seawater pathway reaches the highest concentration approximately 3 and 9 times larger than through the algae and sediment pathways respectively after 7 d. This indicates that the Cd-accumulation through seawater is most efficient. Results also indicate that the uptake directly through contaminated algae, particles or sediments ingested by mussels is less important when compared with the uptake of Cd by mussels through the seawater pathway. Metal uptake pathways and mechanisms of bioaccumulation by marine bivalve are also discussed in this paper.  相似文献   

云南金顶超大型铅锌矿区镉的地球化学特征及其环境效应   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

李航  叶霖  肖唐付  潘自平  何立斌  孙嘉龙  宁增平  彭景权 《矿物学报》2007,27(2):225-232

云南金顶铅锌矿是镉元素富集区,采矿活动导致镉元素释放出来进入地表环境造成镉污染。矿区不同岩石中镉分布差异比较大,围岩中镉含量范围在50×10-6~650×10-6之间,平均310×10-6,原生矿中镉含量范围14×10-6~2800×10-6,平均767×10-6,氧化矿中镉含量范围110×10-6~8200×10-6,平均1661×10-6,其平均值最高。氧化矿是镉元素的主要载体和释放源。淋滤实验表明矿石易氧化而释放出镉等有害元素,滤出元素可以迅速发生沉淀或被沉淀物包裹,其能力表现为Zn>Pb>Cd。研究结果表明,矿区下游江河段水体中隔的平均值为15.7μg/L,悬浮物中镉平均值为49.3 mg/kg,沉积物中镉平均值为203.7 mg/kg。矿区富镉岩石和矿物的自然风化是造成江水体和沉积物中镉污染的直接原因,对流域水生态环境造成潜在危害。  相似文献   

土壤对镉离子的竞争吸附研究——以北京城近郊为例   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

王亚平潘小菲  许春雪冯绍元 王苏明 《岩矿测试》2007,26(4):251-256

对分别采自北京城近郊丰台区北天堂村、大兴区庑殿村、通州区永乐店镇、海淀区四季青乡和朝阳区来广营乡5个典型地区的土壤进行了Cd^2＋-Na^＋、Cd^2＋-Ca^2＋、Cd^2＋-Zn^2＋双阳离子竞争性静态吸附试验。结果表明，在不改变土壤的物理化学性质条件下，多种离子共同竞争吸附时，其吸附过程与单个外源金属阳离子的吸附结果不同；不同类型土壤对镉的吸附受钠、钙、锌离子的影响不是单方面的抑制作用或促进作用，影响机制随着外源镉离子浓度和外源钠、钙、锌离子浓度的大小而各异，而且其影响程度也有所不同。  相似文献   

北京城近郊区土壤对镉的吸附特征研究     

许春雪潘小菲  王亚平王迪民 《岩矿测试》2005,24(3):161-166

在0．1～1200mg／L不同Cd^2＋浓度条件下，进行了五个地区土壤对重金属Cd^2＋的静态吸附实验。土壤分别采自于北京城近郊丰台区北天堂村、大兴区庑殿村、通州区永乐店镇、海淀区四季青乡和朝阳区来广营乡五个地区。实验结果表明：常温常压下，土壤对Cd^2＋的吸附量与加入到土壤中的Cd^2＋总量呈现出一定的正相关。四季青、永乐店的重粉质壤土、庑殿的中粉质壤土及北天堂的轻壤土对Cd^2＋的吸附量S与土壤溶液中的平衡浓度C都基本满足直线拟合。在相同外源Cd^2＋浓度下，土壤对Cd^2＋的吸附量为：庑殿的中粉质壤土〉四季青的重粉质壤土〉永乐店的重粉质壤土〉来广营的重粉质壤土〉北天堂的轻壤土。在所拟实验条件下，土壤对镉的吸附很大程度上受到土壤有机质含量、土壤的粘粒和粉粒所占比例的控制，而酸碱度pH和氧化还原电位Eh对类型不同的土壤的吸附影响效应不很明显。  相似文献   

内标和快速共沉淀-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定食盐中的镉   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

苏耀东  秦立俊李静 陈龙武 《岩矿测试》2005,24(3):201-204

探讨了用火焰原子吸收法测定以（2-吡啶偶氮）-2-萘酚-Ni（Ⅱ）为共沉淀体系，以Mn（Ⅱ）为内标，在pH=9．0的条件下快速共沉淀分离富集食盐中的痕量Cd。当试液为100mL时，方法的检出限为5．7μg/L，加标回收率为96％～101％，相对标准偏差（RSD，n=6）〈5％，基本消除了基体干扰。  相似文献