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151.
洞穴滴水水文化学特征及石漠化效应--以贵州石将军洞为例 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用洞穴指标体系研究地表石漠化演变处于理论萌芽阶段.据此,通过对发育在强度石漠化条件下的石将军洞穴滴水滴率、pH值及温度进行为期1 a的动态监测,在分析其特征空间、时间变化规律基础的上,初步探索其石漠化效应.研究结果表明:受石漠化发育引起的地表植被破坏严重、土层稀薄影响,上覆顶板对水分的赋存主要靠基岩来完成,基岩愈厚,洞穴滴水滴率、pH 值与温度变率愈小,因此表现出越靠近洞口受外界影响越强烈、变幅越大的特征;同时,强度石漠化条件下,土壤中可利用的CO2较少,使得洞穴滴水pH 值显示了雨季时值较高、旱季时值较低的反常特征. 相似文献
152.
Mark A. Bishop 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2013,38(2):183-191
Within the greater Ar Rub' al Khali (Empty Quarter) sand sea lies an internal depocentre, the Al Liwa Basin, which comprises a variety of mega‐scale dune types. Crescentic dunes dominant the north of the basin while megadunes of stellate or star form are a major landform of the south‐eastern reaches. Their development into dune fields is determined by the style and rate of dune–dune interactions, the boundary conditions imposed by a multi‐modal wind regime, fluctuating groundwater levels, and sediment availability under an assortment of climatic conditions throughout the Quaternary. As a result, dune field patterns are a collective response to these perturbations in space, time and environment. The R‐statistic is a collective measure of these responses, and is a metric capable of identifying the degree of pattern maturity or self‐organization of the aeolian system, and the pathways from which patterns evolve. The spatial signature of the southerly located star dunes is characterized by two definitive patterns of organization: the first, one of complete spatial randomness, the second, a low degree of spatial uniformity. In isolation, these results appear to be unrelated to those for crescentic dunes of the region in which a significantly higher degree of pattern dispersion is the norm. However, when spatial statistical measures are integrated with the theoretical understanding of dune–dune interactions and the involvement of environmental agents, the complex morphodynamic pathways and linkages between regional dune fields is better understood. In this case, both constructive (e.g. merging, lateral linking) and regenerative activity (e.g. calving) have played important roles in the development of dune size, and associated adjustments in spacing, and dune numbers, and subsequently dune field patterns. Synergetic patterns are emblematic of this vast dunescape, whereby transitional geographic, morphologic, dimensional and environmental modifications exist between the mega‐crescentic and mega‐stellate dunes of the Empty Quarter. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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对塔里木盆地柯坪地区蓬莱坝剖面中寒武统沙依里克组萨布哈白云岩及其溶孔中的多期次充填物进行了岩石学和地球化学分析,以对其沉淀时的流体环境进行恢复。孔洞中的环带状充填物可分为4期,由白云岩向内依次为:(1)乳白色粒状方解石;(2)铁质浸染的杂色柱状方解石;(3)无色透明的石英;(4)紫色粒状萤石。碳氧同位素、微量元素及稀土元素分析结果表明:白云岩具有高的Sr/Ba值5.47,低的U/Th值0.2954(明显小于0.7),高的Zr/Hf值36.86,相对高的稀土总量,相对高的 δ18O值-7.444‰,盐度指数Z值为120.56,表明它形成于相对低温、富氧和盐度相对较高的流体环境,进一步证实其是形成于蒸发环境的准同生白云岩。第1期方解石具有低的Sr/Ba值2.33,相对高的U/Th值1.3,低的Zr/Hf值20.857,相对居中的稀土总量,相对低的δ18O值-13.758‰,盐度指数Z值为105.35(小于120),表明它形成于温度相对较高、缺氧、盐度较低的流体条件下。第2期方解石具有具有相对低的Sr/Ba值2.77,相对高的U/Th值1,相对低的Zr/Hf值32.08,相对居中的稀土总量,相对低的 δ18O值-11.344‰,盐度指数Z值为116.51,表明其形成于温度相对较高、贫氧、盐度较低的流体条件下。萤石具有居中的Sr/Ba值3.15,相对高的U/Th值0.8666,相对低的Zr/Hf值31.875,相对低的稀土总量,其配分模式与岩浆成因萤石较为接近,表明其形成于温度相对较高、缺氧、低盐度的流体条件下。这些特征反映该套地层经历了准同生期白云岩化后的埋藏-抬升-再埋藏-最终抬升至地表的过程。 相似文献
156.
Santos RG Martins AS Farias Jda N Horta PA Pinheiro HT Torezani E Baptistotte C Seminoff JA Balazs GH Work TM 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(6):1297-1302
To show the influence of coastal habitat degradation on the availability of food for green turtles (Chelonia mydas), we assessed the dietary preferences and macroalgae community at a feeding area in a highly urbanized region. The area showed low species richness and was classified as degraded. We examined stomach contents of 15 dead stranded turtles (CCL = 44.0 cm (SD 6.7 cm)). The diet was composed primarily of green algae Ulva spp. (83.6%). In contrast, the macroalgae community was dominated by the green alga Caulerpa mexicana. We found a selection for red algae, seagrass and Ulva spp., and avoidance for C. mexicana and brown alga Dictyopteris delicatula. The low diversity of available food items, possibly a result of environmental degradation, likely contributed to the low dietary diversity. The nutritional implications of this restricted diet are unclear. 相似文献
157.
The Adriatic-Dinaridic carbonate platform (ADCP) was one of the largest and relatively well preserved Mesozoic platforms in the Mediterranean region (central Tethys). The peninsula Istria, in the northwestern part of the ADCP, is built up predominantly of shallow-water carbonates of the Middle Jurassic (Dogger) to Eocene age and, to a lesser extent, of Paleogene clastic deposits (flysch and calcareous breccia). This study focuses on a Lower Cretaceous (Barremian to Albian) succession of strata at five localities in western Istria. Stratigraphic determinations are based on identification of nine microfossil assemblages (benthic foraminifera and calcareous algae Dasycladales) and on using their taxa as index fossils. The age of strata with these microfossil assemblages, however, is questionable. Most of the age uncertainties are associated with a regional emersion, which occurred on the ADCP during the Aptian or close to the Aptian-Albian transition. It is unclear what portions of the Upper Aptian and/or Lower Albian are missing along this unconformity. A stable isotope study was conducted on homogenous micritic matrix samples in an attempt to resolve some of these uncertainties. Variations in carbon isotope compositions proved useful for stratigraphic correlation between the examined successions of strata, for improving their age determination, and for relating them to other coeval successions that span an important time interval of major oceanographic changes and carbon-cycle perturbations associated with the Early Aptian oceanic anoxic event (OAE 1a). 相似文献
158.
SUNG KWUN CHOUGH 《Sedimentology》2011,58(6):1530-1572
To understand the depositional processes and environmental changes during the initial flooding of the North China Platform, this study focuses on the Lower to Middle Cambrian Zhushadong and Mantou formations in Shandong Province, China. The succession in the Jinan and Laiwu areas comprises mixed carbonate and siliciclastic deposits composed of limestone, dolostone, stromatolite, thrombolite, purple and grey mudstone, and sandstone. A detailed sedimentary facies analysis of seven well‐exposed sections suggests that five facies associations are the result of an intercalation of carbonate and siliciclastic depositional environments, including local alluvial fans, shallowing‐upward carbonate–siliciclastic peritidal cycles, oolite dominant shoals, shoreface and lagoonal environments. These facies associations successively show a transition from an initially inundated tide‐dominated carbonate platform to a wave‐dominated shallow marine environment. In particular, the peritidal sediments were deposited during a large number of depositional cycles. These sediments consist of lime mudstone, dolomite, stromatolite and purple and grey mudstones. These shallowing‐upward cycles generally resulted from carbonate production in response to an increase of accommodation during rising sea‐level. The carbonate production was, however, interrupted by frequent siliciclastic input from the adjacent emergent archipelago. The depositional cycles thus formed under the influence of both autogenetic changes, including sediment supply from the archipelago, and allogenic control of relative sea‐level rise in the carbonate factory. A low‐relief archipelago with an active tidal regime allowed the development of tide‐dominated siliciclastic and carbonate environments on the vast platform. Siliciclastic input to these tidal environments terminated when most of the archipelago became submerged due to a rapid rise in sea‐level. This study provides insights on how a vast Cambrian carbonate platform maintained synchronous sedimentation under a tidal regime, forming distinct cycles of mixed carbonates and siliciclastics as the system kept up with rising relative sea‐level during the early stage of basin development in the North China Platform. 相似文献
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内蒙古宝音图晚二叠世—晚三叠世花岗岩岩石化学特征及其构造环境 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
宝音图花岗岩基位于华北地台北缘西段,针对其中牙马图岩体、罕乌拉岩体及布格道苏绍崩岩体等的岩石地球化学研究与年代学测定,结果表明岩体时代分别为261Ma±1.3 Ma,220.9 Ma±0.3 Ma和204.9 Ma±5.9 Ma,系晚二叠世—晚三叠世侵入岩体,其岩石类型主要为黑云母花岗闪长岩、斑状黑云母花岗岩和二云母花岗岩,其中晚二叠世花岗闪长岩Na2O/K2O平均值为2.06,A/CNK为0.96~1.15,平均值为1.03,里特曼指数(σ)平均值为1.9,总体属过铝质钙碱性岩;晚三叠世花岗岩Na2O/K2O平均值为0.82,A/CNK为0.92~1.16,平均值为1.03,里特曼指数(σ)为2.18,属过铝质钙碱性岩。岩石化学构造环境分析表明,晚二叠世—晚三叠世早期岩浆活动是俯冲造山过程中形成的具有岛弧性质的闪长岩类和花岗岩类,而晚三叠世晚期岩浆作用是与之有关的造山晚期陆缘花岗岩类。 相似文献