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51.
基于等高线的DEM生成算法研究和实现 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
数字高程模型是近年来发展起来的为地理信息系统提供空间分析和辅助决策的数据基础。随着科学技术特别是计算机技术的迅速发展,DEM在数据获取方法、数据存储和数据处理速度等方面已经取得突破性进展。通过系统介绍生成DTM过程中等高线的离散化方法,DELAUNAY三角网的特性和基于等高线数据的TIN的建立,以及对产生的问题的一些解决方法。 相似文献
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DING Guoan CHAN Chuenyu GAO Zhiqiu YAO Wenqing LI Yoksheung CHENG Xinghong MENG Zhaoyang YU Haiqing WONG Kamhang WANG Shufeng MIAO Qiuju 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(Z2)
The vertical structures and their dynamical character of PM2.5 and PM10 over Beijing urban areas are revealed using the 1 min mean continuous mass concentration data of PM2.5 and PM10 at 8, 100, and 320 m heights of the meteorological observation tower of 325 m at Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP CAS tower hereafter) on 10―26 August, 2003, as well as the daily mean mass concentration data of PM2.5 and PM10 and the continuous data of CO and NO2 at 8, 100 (low layer), 200 (middle layer), and 320 m (high layer) heights, in combination with the same period meteorological field observation data of the meteorological tower. The vertical distributions of aerosols observed on IAP CAS tower in Beijing can be roughly divided into two patterns: gradually and rapidly decreasing patterns, I.e. The vertical distribution of aerosols in calm weather or on pollution day belongs to the gradually decreasing pattern, while one on clean day or weak cold air day belongs to the rapidly decreasing pattern. The vertical distributive characters of aerosols were closely related with the dynamical/thermal structure and turbulence character of the atmosphere boundary layer. On the clean day, the low layer PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were close to those at 8 m height, while the concentrations rapidly decreased at the high layer, and their values were only one half of those at 8 m, especially, the concentration of PM2.5 dropped even more. On the clean day, there existed stronger turbulence below 150 m, aerosols were well mixed, but blocked by the more stronger inversion layer aloft, and meanwhile, at various heights, especially in the high layer, the horizontal wind speed was larger, resulting in the rapid decrease of aerosol concentration, I.e. Resulting in the obvious vertical difference of aerosol concentrations between the low and high layers. On the pollution day, the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 at the low, middle, and high layers dropped successively by, on average, about 10% for each layer in comparison with those at 8 m height. On pollution days, in company with the low wind speed, there existed two shallow inversion layers in the boundary layer, but aerosols might be, to some extent, mixed below the inversion layer, therefore, on the pollution day the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 dropped with height slowly; and the observational results also show that the concentrations at 320 m height were obviously high under SW and SE winds, but at other heights, the concentrations were not correlated with wind directions. The computational results of footprint analysis suggest that this was due to the fact that the 320 m height was impacted by the pollutants transfer of southerly flow from the southern peripheral heavier polluted areas, such as Baoding, and Shijiazhuang of Hebei Province, Tianjin, and Shandong Province, etc., while the low layer was only affected by Beijing's local pollution source. The computational results of power spectra and periods preliminarily reveal that under the condition of calm weather, the periods of PM10 concentration at various heights of the tower were on the order of minutes, while in cases of larger wind speed, the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 at 320 m height not only had the short periods of minute-order, but also the longer periods of hour order. Consistent with the conclusion previously drawn by Ding et al., that air pollutants at different heights and at different sites in Beijing had the character of "in-phase" variation, was also observed for the diurnal variation and mean diurnal variation of PM2.5 and PM10 at various heights of the tower in this experiment, again confirming the "in-phase" temporal/spatial distributive character of air pollutants in the urban canopy of Beijing. The gentle double-peak character of the mean diurnal variation of PM2.5 and PM10 was closely related with the evident/similar diurnal variation of turbulent momentum fluxes, sensible heat fluxes, and turbulent kinetic energy at various heights in the urban canopy. Besides, under the condition of calm weather, the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 declined with height slowly, it was 90% of 8 m concentration at the low layer, a little lesser than 90% at the middle layer, and 80% at the high layer, respectively. Under the condition of weak cold air weather, the concentration remarkably dropped with height, it was 70% of 8 m concentration at the low layer, and 20%―30% at the middle and high layers, especially the concentration of PM2.5 was even lower. 相似文献
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油藏动力学模型研究的思路、内容和方法 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
油藏动力学模型由油藏外部形态模型、油藏内部结构模型、岩石物理特性模型、油、气、水特征模型及油藏动力系统模型5个子系统构成。建模工作通常分勘探期、开发前期、开发期及开发中-晚期4个阶段进行,各阶段中建模研究内容、层次及研究方法各有侧重。在整个油藏动力学模型研究系统工作中,储层地质模型与油藏动力系统模型是研究重点,地下原油(或剩余油)分布的动态变化规律是研究目的。 相似文献
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零位校正误差是重力仪除标定以外最主要的误差来源.本文根据作者数年来从事高精度重力勘探工作中所积累的资料,对此问题进行了较为全面客观的分析研究.(l)对Lacoste-Romberg重力仪的正常零位变化和零位突变特性提出了分析结论;(2)对实测资料采用动、静分高处理方法,分析了重力仪连续工作时(数日至数十日)由于零位非线性变化可能引起的零位校正误差;(3)通过对实测资料的分析计算,得到了零位突变对重力仪观测精度影响的参考值;(4)针对重力仪使用中的实际问题提出了改善零位移线性度的实施对策. 相似文献
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本文研究了1988年11月6日澜沧、耿马7.6和7.2级地震的水氡异常,认为:1.震前中期、短期及临震各阶段异常均有显示;2.中期异常是趋势性上升的高值异常,它占全部异常的比例,与国内其它几次7级地震相比较略偏低;3.短期异常中有高值和低值异常,位于震中区及北西向腾冲-耿马地震带上的水氡观测点,以氡浓度降低的负异常为主要特征;4.震中周围300公里内未发现临震异常,它多出现在300—500公里范围内,特别集中在小江断裂带上。 相似文献
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等角投影比其它性质投影之研究更为深刻,应用也最为广泛。本文对等角投影的历史发展作了简单回顾,重点对等角投影的数学基础、等角投影的一般公式、等角投影变形量度[8]、具有极值特性的等角投影和探求等角投影的方法等进行了综述。最后提出需要继续研究的若干问题作为等角投影研究展望。 相似文献
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在具有代表性的正旋回砂砾岩储层中,8种不同岩性的典型样品,在5种含油(气)水饱和状态下测试了纵、横波速度(Vp和Vs)与有效覆盖压力(△P)变化关系曲线。结果表明:(1)Vp和Vs与△P呈指数递增,Vp和Vs随△P变化在低压范围比高压范围更敏感,而Vp比Vs的灵敏度高。(2)同一状态下,同一非均质单层内的岩性变化范围控制了不同的Vp-△P,Vs-△P曲线族的宽度。岩性由细到粗,Vp-△P曲线由低向高变化,含钙、含砾粗砂岩的Vp-△P曲线处于曲线族的上界,砾状砂岩的Vp-△P曲线低于含砾粗砂岩的Vp-△P曲线。Vs-△P曲线也有上述规律。(3)同一样品,研究5种不同饱和度状态下的Vp-△P和Vs-△P曲线,发现无论压力条件如何,波速与饱和度均呈线性关系。(4)在同一的非均质单层内,Vp-△P,Vs-△P变化曲线随着含油、气、水饱和状态的不同具有明显的分带性。气饱和Vp-△P曲线族在形态及幅度变化上明显区别于油、水饱和状态,束缚水、残余油状态的Vp-△P曲线族,Vs-△P曲线也有上述规律。气饱和状态的Vp和Vs随△P变化的敏感度高于油、水饱和状态,气饱和状态的Vp随△P变化的敏感度高于Vs。 相似文献
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通过柴窝堡铜矿带区域沉积环境、构造环境及岩浆活动分析,认为矿带具备铜矿成矿地质条件.具体阐述了铜沟─庙儿沟铜矿田的成矿地质地球化学特征和矿化富集规律,认为铜沟─庙儿沟铜矿区的矿床属沉积─热液叠加改造型层控矿床. 相似文献