Socioeconomic analysis within an interdisciplinary spatial decision support system for an integrated management of the Werra River Basin   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Jesko Hirschfeld  Alexandra Dehnhardt  Jrg Dietrich 《Limnologica》2005,35(3):234-244

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An orthodoxy of 'the local': post-colonialism, participation and professionalism in northern Thailand     

KATHARINE ISLAY MCKINNON 《The Geographical journal》2006,172(1):22-34

Post-colonial critiques of development reveal the neo-colonial potential of the development project, embedded in the imbalances of power in relations between West and East, First World and Third World. One of the core responses to the challenge of such a critique has been to turn to new participatory approaches that privilege local knowledges, locally defined needs and priorities, above the vagaries of aid agencies or the 'expertise' of development professionals. In this paper I argue that such a shift in development discourse and method has had a significant impact on the discursive practices of professionalism and professional responsibility. Drawing on ethnographic research with development professionals in northern Thailand, I argue that participation has emerged as a new orthodoxy among development professionals who seek to identify themselves as ethical and moral agents of an emancipatory development project. The rise of such orthodoxy has had clear impacts in terms of fostering the emergence of local organization and advocacy groups. At the same time, however, this paper considers how a 'pro-local' orthodoxy may also be having dis-enabling effects for the very project of emancipation that professionals wish to carry out.  相似文献   

邻里目的地建成环境对老年日常活动机会的影响——基于感知和参与视角     

魏越  杨东峰 《地理科学进展》2023,42(1):89-103

老年人的日常活动水平与身心健康密切相关,且受到多种邻里目的地空间的复杂干预。但目前研究较少关注到老年人的活动机会特征和以邻里目的地为中心的建成环境范围。论文结合“城市人”理论,从老年人的生存、接触和社交等需求出发,以大连市主城区为例,基于老年人对日常活动感知和参与数量的问卷调查数据,并选取商业服务设施、医疗卫生设施、教育设施和休闲娱乐设施作为老年人潜在接触的邻里目的地,借助聚类分析、线性回归和Logistic回归模型探究活动机会类型及其建成环境影响因素。研究结果表明：老年日常活动机会可分为旁观型、目标型和活跃型3类;商业服务设施对活动感知、休闲娱乐设施对活动参与有显著影响;医院的环境适宜性对旁观型老年人、商场的空间区位条件对活跃型老年人分别存在较大的作用效应。研究结果可为精细化地建设老龄友好城市提供新思路。  相似文献   

社区增权视角下文化遗产地治理路径优化     

陈新新  李伯华  窦银娣  谭红日  刘沛林 《热带地理》2022,42(1):100-112

以湖南省龙山县惹巴拉村寨为例,采用文本分析法与深度访谈法,基于社区增权视角,优化文化遗产地治理路径。结果发现：1）文化遗产地社区失权体现在经济失权、心理失权、社会失权及政治失权4个方面。2）文化遗产地通过权力合作、权力共有及权力激励等社区赋权方式再分配资源、权益及资本。3）权力共有路径下,强化政策透明度和社区话语权,有助于社区主体参与治理;权力合作路径下,扩充资源分配渠道、强化主体合作关系,有助于社区治理渠道扩展;权力激励路径下,规范治理主体、治理对象及监管方式,有助于社区治理政策细化。文章借助“社区增权”理论,将旅游引发的“社区失权”改进为“社区增权”,补充完善文化遗产地治理研究,可为其他少数民族文化遗产地的治理提供参考。  相似文献   

Evaluation of stakeholder perspectives on the management of the stalked barnacles (Pollicipes pollicipes) resource in the Parque Natural do Sudoeste Alentejano e Costa Vicentina,Portugal     

《Marine Policy》2014

The stalked barnacle, Pollicipes pollicipes, is a shellfish resource which has been traditionally harvested by the coastal communities of the Iberian Peninsula. However, in recent years Pollicipes has attracted increased harvesting pressure due to its high market value. In a national park on the south-western coast of Portugal, legislation was formulated to address the overharvesting of this resource; however, its success has been limited due to lack of consensus among stakeholders. A Systems Approach Framework (SAF) was used to assess the socio-economic and cultural issues surrounding the harvest of Pollicipes. As part of this, interviews and a questionnaire survey were undertaken in the municipality of Vila do Bispo, in order to explore the perspectives of the shell fishers, local residents and restaurateurs. The majority of the stakeholders believed that the resource was overharvested and that their needs should be considered as part of the legislation formulation process. The stakeholders also agreed that the local market should be re-established and that the temporal closure period should be reconsidered. Stakeholder opinions differed with regard to the level of coastal management enforcement required, the licence distribution process and the restrictions implemented by national park authorities. It is concluded that using information such as that gathered from local stakeholders, it should be possible to effectively extend the SAF to simulate scenarios for future management options.  相似文献   

African Inland Fisheries: Experiences with Co-Management and Policies of Decentralization   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Roger Lewins  Malloum Ousman Baba  Emma Belal  Steve Donda  Abbagana Mamane Lamine 《社会与自然资源》2014,27(4):405-420

Most countries in Africa have promoted some form of decentralized fisheries management either as discrete co-management projects or as a component of broader decentralization processes that cut across other sectors. These initiatives were shaped by an international policy narrative that emphasises participation in decision making and development. A review of fisheries decentralization experiences in Cameroon, Niger, Nigeria, and Malawi reveals marked differences in purpose, strategy, and performance. In general, co-management projects are limited by their ability to scale up new practice and to maintain viable and representative management institutions. In other cases, the decentralization process is not well supported politically or locally or does not articulate with fisheries policy. Experiences of decentralization in other sectors provide useful lessons. Acknowledging the informal institutional environment or realpolitikof fisheries and the rural economy could provide opportunities to better manage and review the process of decentralization.  相似文献   

Institutional dimensions of the developing REDD+ process in Cameroon     

Serge Ngendakumana  Peter A. Minang  Mireille Feudjio  Stijn Speelman  Patrick Van Damme  Zacharie Tchoundjeu 《Climate Policy》2014,14(6):769-787

The reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) initiative has emerged in recent years as a mechanism to simultaneously address climate change, biodiversity, and poverty reduction challenges at the margins of tropical forests. Congo Basin countries, including Cameroon, have embraced the opportunities that REDD+ provides, with great expectations. Yet, it needs to be investigated whether the enabling institutional environment, which is required for implementing REDD+, is present. Understanding is still limited on how to build adequate and strong institutional relations that could shape the reforms towards the establishment of efficient emissions reductions schemes. Furthermore, uncertainty remains on the operational mechanisms of REDD+, suggesting that, to catalyse effectiveness, there is a need to come up with a governance model nested in relevant policy frameworks. This study builds on a modified ‘4Is’ framework – Institutions, Interests, Ideas and Information – to analyse REDD+ and explore stakeholders' perceptions on the local forest governance potential. A structural implementation model to optimize the effectiveness of REDD+ is developed. Findings suggest that governments need to review existing policies to take into account participation, local people rights, and information access as a way to stimulate actors' willingness to contribute to emissions reductions and carbon stock increases under REDD+ regimes.  相似文献   

民族社区参与旅游发展的阶段性探讨——以西双版纳民族旅游地为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

武晓英  李辉 《云南地理环境研究》2014,(3):19-24

社区参与旅游在提出后,它的重要性和意义得到了广泛认可。但是,中国目前对社区参与的研究内容大部分侧重于理论与宏观方面的研究,比如：对西方社区参与理论的评析和引入;对中国社区参与模式进行宏观论述;在旅游规划中倡导社区参与理念等等,都缺乏细致深入的实证探索,故以社区参与旅游发展的阶段性为主线,以傣族园、基诺山寨和勐景为研究对象,通过对云南西双版纳民族村寨的案例分析来充实社区参与旅游的实证研究,进一步为社区参与旅游的科学性与应用性提供支撑。  相似文献   

An assessment of participation,catch and effort in the KwaZulu-Natal shore-based marine linefishery,with comments on management effectiveness     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(4):479-496

The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of current management of the KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) shore-based marine linefishery. Methods used included a stratified-random creel survey and an associated questionnaire survey. The study was undertaken between February 2009 and January 2010. Total participation ranged between 41 283 and 68 087 shore-anglers. Results show that there has been little change in participation in the KZN shore-fishery since 1994–1996. In contrast, total angler effort (779 382–843 702 angler-days y^?1) has decreased substantially over the past 13 years. Overall catch per unit effort (CPUE) for the KZN shore-linefishery amounted to 0.18 ± 0.3 fish angler^?1 h^?1 or 0.07 ± 0.13 kg angler^?1 h^?1. In all, 84 fish species, belonging to 39 families, were recorded in catches of shore-anglers during the study period. Only five species accounted for 75% of the catch recorded along the coast (Sarpa salpa 34.8%, Pomatomus saltatrix 14.7%, Diplodus capensis 14.5%, Pomadasys olivaceum 6.5% and Rhabdosargus holubi 4.9%). The total annual catch for the KZN shore-linefishery was estimated between 249.2 and 276.7 t y^?1 (or 636 589–706 995 fish y^?1). Analysis of overall CPUE, catch composition and total catch in the shore-based linefishery of KZN suggested that it is currently in a relatively stable condition and that little change has occurred over the past 13 years. However, comparisons of species-specific CPUE values from this study with recent literature suggest that some species (e.g. Argyrosomus japonicus) are severely overexploited. Over the past few decades there seems to have been a gradual transition in landings from long-lived, high trophic-level, piscivorous fish (e.g. A. japonicus) to more short-lived, low trophic-level species (e.g. S. salpa). The results therefore suggest that present exploitation levels may not be sustainable for certain slow-growing, long-lived fish species. Current management regulations appear to have limited effectiveness based on poor angler compliance and knowledge of the regulations. In this regard, it is important to consider alternate management measures that may offer more effective protection to fish and at the same time be more easily understood by all anglers in the linefishery. Recommendations for improved management and the importance of the establishment of an effective MPA network are briefly discussed.  相似文献