末次盛冰期百年尺度气候变化的南京石笋记录   总被引：17，自引：10，他引：17       下载免费PDF全文

汪永进  孔兴功  邵晓华  吴江滢 《第四纪研究》2002,22(3):243-251

据年层计数和TIMSU系测年结果,建立了南京汤山葫芦洞YT石笋年际精度时间标尺(18000～14000aB.P.)。除石笋顶部5mm层段外,高分辨率的^δ18O、灰度和年层厚度3种指标在百年尺度上具有相当一致的对应关系,表明这3种指标对气候因素变化响应比较敏感。综合石笋^δ18O和本区古植被资料,估计末次盛冰期和波令暖期年均温分别达7℃和15℃。石笋揭示的末次盛冰期气候可进一步划分为4个阶段:1)18150～16900aB.P.,年均温和洞穴湿度逐步下降;2)16900～16100aB.P.,年均温和洞穴湿度相对稳定,可进一步划分为3个暖峰和两个冷谷;3)16100～15600aB.P.,年均温快速下降,按氧同位素平衡方程计算,其冷谷可能接近于0℃,但洞穴湿度比前期下降幅度并不大;4)15600～14750aB.P.,年均温和洞穴湿度比较稳定。这种气候演化的阶段性和突变性与北大西洋地区气候记录可以对比,反映极地与东亚季风气候受共同的驱动机制支配。从石笋4种指标(^δ18O、^δ13C、灰度和年层厚度)的功率谱图中识别出不同尺度的太阳活动周期成分,其中80aGleissberg周期特别显著,表明末次盛冰期边界条件下太阳活动仍是短尺度气候变化的主要驱动力。  相似文献   

云南鹤庆盆地近1Ma来的气候序列重建初探   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

童国榜  刘志明  王苏民  羊向东  王书兵 《第四纪研究》2002,22(4):332-339

云南鹤庆盆地近1Ma来的孢粉植物群很好地揭示了本区的环境演化过程。本文利用植物生态位知识,通过模糊数学方法对鹤庆(QH)孔孢粉序列所记录的古气候信息进行重塑,建立了近1Ma来的年均温、年降水量及年较差序列,并将本区气候演化分为4个气候旋回,32个气候期。该序列可与黄土-古土壤序列及海洋^δ18O阶段对比,但冷暖波动的幅度及降温时段持续的长短有其特色,表明本区气候既受全球气候变化的控制,又受青藏高原阶段隆升的制约;近1Ma来气温的波动幅度呈递增趋势,0.30MaB.P.尤其显著;冷、暖段间年均温的变化幅度由第一气候旋回的7℃增大到第三气候旋回的9℃(按4次平滑值计算),而样点的实际最大差值由8℃增至16℃;最强烈的降温发生在第二气候旋回中的0.45～0.14MaB.P.时间段,这与玉龙雪山冰川活动规模最大相一致;降温时年降水量及年较差值增大,证实近1Ma来,西南季风区的气候组构与东南季风区不同。  相似文献   

变化中的地球所面临的挑战:全球变化的科学理解(英文)   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

BerrienMOOREⅢ  张雪芹 《地学前缘》2002,9(1):41-47

简要介绍了变化中的地球所面临的挑战 ,并在描述地球系统科学近年来所取得成就的基础上给出了全球变化的科学理解。同时也简要介绍了世界正在面临的主要环境问题 ;描述了气候系统研究所达成的共识、面临的挑战及所取得的研究进展 ;并从大气、海洋和陆地间的CO2 交换、转换、不确定性等方面阐述了碳循环 ;然后 ,简单描述了全球水循环研究进展 ;最后 ,展望了在变化的地球中生存所要面临的挑战与机遇。  相似文献   

强水动力湖泊夏季分层期氮的生物地球化学循环初步研究:以贵州红枫湖南湖为例   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9  

肖化云  刘丛强  李思亮  王仕禄 《地球化学》2002,31(6):571-576

湖泊在夏季由于藻类生长而消耗大量硝酸盐,水体硝酸盐含量一般要低于春季。而红枫湖南湖水体硝酸盐含量却高于春季(比平均含量高0.83mg/L),说明尚有其他重要的硝酸盐来源。据估算,南湖水体硝酸盐含量升高0.83mg/L约需要1.66×105kg硝酸盐,另外有约10.1×105kg硝酸盐随下泻水输出南湖,再加上夏季藻类生长(生产的chla量约为640kg)所消耗的硝酸盐3.52×105kg,共消耗硝酸盐15.28×105kg。扣除河流输入的4.42×105kg硝酸盐,南湖尚存在约10.86×105kg硝酸盐的亏空。利用氮稳定同位素示踪技术,结合硝酸盐及叶绿素a(chla)含量、溶解氧(DO)等的变化,认为这部分硝酸盐来自湖泊中下部(斜温层)有机质的大量矿化(硝化),是水动力驱动高DO的上部水体下沉从而引起下部有机质(硝化)的结果。南湖这种强水动力湖泊整个夏季分层期氮的生物地球化学循环是斜温层有机质矿化(硝化)释放硝酸盐和变温层藻类生长同化硝酸盐为有机质同时发生的特殊类型。  相似文献   

Paleoecology of a Middle Wisconsin Deposit from Southern California     

R. Scott Anderson  Mitchell J. Power  Susan J. Smith  Kathleen Springer  Eric Scott 《Quaternary Research》2002,58(3):310

Analysis of a buried deposit in the Diamond Valley of southern California has revealed well-preserved pollen, wood, and diatom remains. Accelerator mass spectrometry dates of 41,200±2100 and 41,490±1380 ¹⁴C yr B.P. place this deposit in marine isotope stage 3. Diatoms suggest a shallow lacustrine environment. Pollen data suggest that several plant communities were present near the site, with grassland, scrub, chaparral, forest, and riparian communities represented. Comparison with modern pollen suggests similarities with montane forests in the nearby San Bernardino and San Jacinto ranges, indicating vegetation lowering by at least 900 m elevation and temperatures 4°–5°C cooler than today. An increase in high-elevation conifer pollen documents climatic cooling near the profile top. Early-profile diatoms are typical of warm water with high alkalinity and conductivity, whereas later diatoms suggest a higher flow regime and input of cooler water into the system. We suggest that the sequence is part of the cooling phase of an interstadial Dansgaard–Oeschger cycle. Records of the middle Wisconsin period are rare in southern California, but the Diamond Valley site is similar to records from Tulare Lake in the San Joaquin Valley and the ODP Site 893A record from Santa Barbara Basin. It is probable that the Diamond Valley assemblage is a local expression of a vegetation type widespread in the ranges and basins of southwestern California during the middle Wisconsin.  相似文献   

两个冰期-间冰期旋回的黄土记录及其古气候意义   总被引：9，自引：14，他引：9  

熊尚发  刘东生  丁仲礼 《地理科学》2002,22(1):18-23

北京邻区枣沟、斋堂和赤峰黄土－古土壤剖面粒度和磁化率变化在幅度和相位上都有明显的差异。在两个冰期－间冰期旋回，磁化率记录具有冰量变化模式，而粒度记录具有轨道周期特点，粒度和磁化率之间的相位关系在从冰期向间冰期转换和冰期向间冰期过渡的过程中，既有滞后也有超前的表现，很难单纯以成土作用来解释。由于黄土粒度主要反映粉尘源区环境和古风场强度的变化，而磁化率主要记录的是沉积区的成壤作用，反映夏季风的强度变化，因此剖面粒度和磁化率变化的不协调说明古风场和粉尘源区变化与粉尘沉积区气候变化之间不统一。这可能意味着控制夏季风强度变化和控制冬季风强度变化的机制存在差异。  相似文献   

Global heat budget, plate tectonics and climatic change   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Stuart A. Harris 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2002,84(1):1-9

For the past 2000 Ma, the temperature of the Earth's surface has fluctuated around a mean similar to that of today, although individual locations have undergone long-term changes of ∼30°C at different times in different places. Water bodies absorb at least five times as much solar radiation as land surfaces, and ocean currents transport the excess heat absorbed in the tropics towards the poles. Changes in the distribution of land and sea due to plate tectonics explain the major temperature fluctuations (>25°C) around the globe in the last 350 Ma, and are first-order controls. Large-scale changes in ocean currents and thermohaline circulations are probably second-order controls (15–25°C). The Milankovitch orbital cycles are third-order controls producing variations in air temperature of the order of 10°C, while massive volcanic eruptions and changes in carbon dioxide are amongst the fourth-order controls producing minor perturbations (<5°C). The major climatic fluctuations are continuous but regional in effect and not global. Extraterrestrial factors may not cause major changes in climate when viewed from a geological perspective.  相似文献   

Analysis of Karst Tufa from Guangxi, China     

Stanislav FRANCISKOVIC-BILINSKI  Halka BILINSKI  Delko BARISIC  Nada HORVATINCIC Institute Ruder BoSkovi  POB  HR- Zagre  Croati  E-mail: francis@rudjer.irb.hrand YUAN Daoxian Institute of Karst Geology  Guilin  Guangxi  China 《《地质学报》英文版》2003,77(2):267-275

The paper presents an analysis of characteristic karst tufa from Guangxi, China, which has not been studied before. A comparison with tufa from Dinaric Karst of Croatia is discussed in view of the C-type climate. The major mineral is calcite. Minor minerals are quartz and dolomite, depending on location. The content of calcium carbonate varies from 65% to 92%, and that of magnesium carbonate from 0.03% to 1.77%. Among other elements, the most abundant are Fe, from 0.02% to 1.50%, and Ti, from 0.15% to 0.27%. Many other trace elements (V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Hg and Pb) are also present. Specific activity of radionuclides 40K, 232Th, 137Cs, 226Ra and 238U varies from sample to sample. Concentration of U in tufa is close to that reported for sedimentary carbonate. Low concentration of 137Cs indicates that this part of the world was not exposed to nuclear explosions. The concentration of 226Ra is the highest in Mashan County. The ratio 238U/226Ra (0.21-0.71) in tufa from Mashan Co  相似文献   

河南东濮凹陷古近系沙河街组盐岩沉积特征及成因   总被引：13，自引：6，他引：13       下载免费PDF全文

胥菊珍  蒋飞虎  张孝义  尹哲 《古地理学报》2003,5(2):162-170

东濮凹陷是渤海湾盆地的一个次级构造单元，其古近系的两个沉积旋回发育了四套盐岩，分别位于沙河街组第三段的第四亚段(S34)、第三亚段(S33)、第二亚段(S32)和沙河街组的第一段(S1)。主要分布在凹陷北部。每套盐岩又由若干个盐韵律组成，每一单韵律由盐岩和泥岩组成。两套等时对比标志层（深湖沉积）之间盐岩与砂泥岩存在着相变关系。盐岩是在深盆背景下干旱成因的，盐类物质来自地下深处上涌的卤水，分层卤水是盐形成的基本形式，上涌通道是基底大断裂，动力基础是岩浆活动。盐的阻隔作用使其对下部地层的温度、压力均有影响，这种影响有利于加快盐下地层中的有机质成熟与演化。盐又是良好的盖层，且在高温、高压下盐呈塑性状态。勘探实践看出东濮凹陷的岩性油气藏与盐岩的沉积有密切的关系，因此搞清盐岩的分布规律对东濮凹陷下步勘探有着极为重要的意义。  相似文献   

Modelling of oxygen and nitrogen cycling as a function of macrophyte community in the Thau lagoon     

M. Plus  A. Chapelle  P. Lazure  I. Auby  G. Levavasseur  M. Verlaque  T. Belsher  J. -M. Deslous-Paoli  J. -M. Zaldívar  C. N. Murray 《Continental Shelf Research》2003,23(17-19):1877

A three-dimensional model coupling physical and biological processes for the whole Thau lagoon (Mediterranean coast of France) was developed in order to assess the relationships between macrophytes and the oxygen and nitrogen cycles. Ten species have been inserted as forcing variables in the model. Plankton dynamics, shellfish cultivation impact and mineralization of organic matter are also considered, as well as nutrient and oxygen exchanges between the sediment and the water column.Simulations with and without the macrophytes have shown that the system can be characterized as having a highly structured pattern involving lagoon nitrogen and oxygen cycles. This pattern is created by the combined influence of macrophytes, watershed and oyster farming.The model has been also used to assess the total annual macrophyte production at the whole lagoon scale. Comparisons with phytoplankton production and with results from other temperate lagoons have underlined the high productivity of the Thau lagoon supported by active nutrient regeneration.  相似文献