宝天高速公路沿线保护生态环境总经济价值评估   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9  

张明军  孙美平  刘光琇  贾文雄  张华 《干旱区地理》2006,29(6):878-884

条件价值评估法是当前国际上流行的衡量环境物品非利用经济价值的唯一方法。通过调查居民针对不同环境状况变化的支付意愿,从而定量确定环境状况变化带来的经济效益和损失。针对宝天高速公路修建过程中沿线保护生态环境的问题,用支付卡的方法设计了320份调查问卷,调查了沿线居民对保护宝天高速公路沿线生态环境的支付意愿(WTP)。结果表明:在宝天高速公路修路过程中采取各种技术措施,使沿线的生态环境尽可能保持原样,沿线总共有84.33%的居民家庭有支付意愿,有支付意愿家庭的平均支付意愿为每年每户62.17元,将这一结果推广到面上,得到保护宝天高速公路沿线生态环境的总经济价值为:5781 756元。  相似文献   

Economic and ecosystem costs and benefits of alternative land use and management scenarios in the Lake Rotorua,New Zealand,catchment     

《Global Environmental Change》2019

A significant challenge in resource management is addressed: the perceived trade-off between economic growth and ecosystem restoration and conservation. Traditional approaches to management regard restoration as a potential cost to economic productivity. In this study we show that by considering a broader range of economic values, including ecosystem services values, an argument can be made that restoration of lake ecosystems also leads to favourable economic outcomes when commonly disregarded values are considered. Our case study analyses the ecological outcomes of different catchment mitigation and land use scenarios in terms of water quality results in a lake, assessing changes in land use values based on opportunity costs, and ecosystem services values. We show that when considering the value of ecosystem services, intensive agricultural land use is not necessarily the most economically valuable form of land use within a lake catchment. Indeed, a shift towards alternative land uses within a catchment can lead to both ongoing economic benefits and improvements in water quality. In this context, land-use change offers an option for water quality improvement that minimises lake and land mitigation costs, while adding value to catchment land use. An argument is made supporting land use change towards indigenous forest types, which can sustain alternative sources of income such as a range of recreational values, while supporting important ecosystem functions for the region.  相似文献   

油气资源评价中成因法分析与运聚系数取值模型研究     

白琨琳 《地质与勘探》2021,57(3):656-666

成因法是油气资源评价中常用的方法,能较好地体现含油气盆地的生烃、排烃、运聚等过程,具有明确的地质意义,可用来计算油气资源量的"上限值"。其中运聚系数取值是成因法计算的重难点,因此有必要建立一个简单有效并能体现出成因法计算特点的运聚系数取值模型。本文从成因法的自身特点出发,分析了目前运聚系数取值存在的问题,初步建立了运聚系数取值模型。该模型将计算过程分为排烃过程、运移过程、聚集过程、储存过程、破坏过程、资源比例过程这6个过程,并分别设立了6个过程中各项参数的取值依据。最后通过2个刻度区的实例验证,证明该取值模型准确度较高,在中-低勘探程度地区适用性较高,在高勘探程度地区适用性中等。  相似文献   

基于多传感器估值融合理论的地质灾害变形监测方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

黄明坚 《甘肃地质》2023,(4):74-78

在开展地质灾害变形监测的过程中,由于传感器采集数据结果会受到客观环境的影响而出现异常情况,导致对变形情况的监测结果与实际情况存在较大误差,为此,提出基于多传感器估值融合理论的地质灾害变形监测方法研究。在对多传感器数据进行预处理阶段,引入了估值融合理论,具体采用的融合算法为最小误差均方差法,利用其对传感器采集数据结果中的异常值进行校正。在变形监测阶段,充分利用了多个数据源（传感器）对同一目标进行观测时的特征构成,结合观测特征、实时状态数据与发展函数三者之间的关系,实现对地质灾害变形情况的有效监测。在测试结果中,设计方法能够获取某地铁隧道水平方向上和垂直方向上的位移结果,具有较高的可靠性和精度。  相似文献   

运用开放式条件估值方法评估恢复额济纳旗生态系统服务的总经济价值     

徐中民  龙爱华  张志强  陈东景  巩增泰  苏志勇  张勃  石惠春 《湖泊科学》2004,16(Z1):153-162

条件估值方法(CVM)是当前国际上流行的衡量环境物品非利用经济价值的主要方法之一,它通过调查居民针对恢复或改善环境状况变化的支付意愿,从而定量地估计环境状况变化带来的经济效益和损失.针对黑河流域额济纳旗生态系统恶化的现状,以开放式问卷的调查方法设计了500份调查问卷,调查了黑河流域居民恢复额济纳旗生态系统的支付意愿,并采用非参数分析方法对结果进行分析.结果表明,用20年的时间将额济纳旗的生态系统恢复到80年代初的水平,黑河流域总共有93.2%的居民家庭存在支付意愿,有支付意愿家庭的平均支付意愿为每年每户44.9元,同时采用列联表检验的方法辨明了被调查者的年龄、学历、收入、户籍和居住的地理区域等因素对支付意愿的影响.最后在综合不同区域居民支付意愿差异的基础上,采用当前的市场利率将计算结果在时空尺度上加总,得到恢复黑河下游额济纳生态系统的总经济价值的现值为1.224×10⁸元.  相似文献   

农耕地地价评估方法的探讨——以南京市六合县玉带乡为例   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

倪绍祥  秦昆  蒋建军  刘彦随 《地理学报》1999,(2):2

本文提出了一种新的农耕地地价评估方法。在南京市六合县玉带乡的实例研究表明,这一方法简明、实用、有较好的可操作性,且评估出的地价有较高精度  相似文献   

The importance of deliberation in valuing ecosystem services in developing countries—Evidence from the Solomon Islands     

Jasper O. Kenter  Tony Hyde 《Global Environmental Change》2011,21(2):505-521

Monetary valuation of ecosystem services enables more accurate accounting of the environmental costs and benefits of policies, but this has rarely been applied in developing countries. In such contexts, there are particular methodological and epistemological challenges that require novel valuation methodologies. This paper introduces a new participatory, deliberative choice experiment approach conducted in the Solomon Islands. The research aimed to determine the value people placed on ecosystem services and whether participatory interventions to elicit deeper held values influenced the preferences expressed. Results found that the initial willingness to pay for a number of tropical forest ecosystem services amounted to 30% of household income. Following deliberative intervention exercises, key ecosystem services effectively became priceless as participants were unwilling to trade them off in the choice experiment scenarios, regardless of financial cost. The group based deliberative approach, combined with participatory interventions, also resulted in significant learning for participants. This included a more sophisticated view of ecological-cultural linkages, greater recognition of deeper held values, and greater awareness of the consequences of human actions for the environment. The use of a group-based participatory approach instead of a conventional individual survey helped to overcome many of the practical difficulties associated with valuation in developing countries. Given the impact of learning on valuation outcomes, participation and deliberation should be integrated into valuation of any complex good, both in developing and developed economies. However, such a methodology raises questions about how valuation can deal with unwillingness to trade-off key ecosystem services, which results in the breakdown of monetary valuation methods. Evaluation of the appropriateness of valuation processes and methodologies for assessing deeper held values and use of mixed-method approaches will be essential to ensure policies take into account the extent to which human life is dependent on ecosystem services.  相似文献   

Plural valuation of nature for equity and sustainability: Insights from the Global South     

《Global Environmental Change》2020

Plural valuation is about eliciting the diverse values of nature articulated by different stakeholders in order to inform decision making and thus achieve more equitable and sustainable outcomes. We explore what approaches align with plural valuation on the ground, as well as how different social-ecological contexts play a role in translating plural valuation into decisions and outcomes. Based on a co-constructed analytical approach relying on empirical information from ten cases from the Global South, we find that plural valuation contributes to equitable and sustainable outcomes if the valuation process: 1) is based on participatory value elicitation approaches; 2) is framed with a clear action-oriented purpose; 3) provides space for marginalized stakeholders to articulate their values in ways that can be included in decisions; 4) is used as a tool to identify and help reconcile different cognitive models about human-nature relations; and 5) fosters open communication and collaboration among stakeholders. We also find that power asymmetries can hinder plural valuation. As interest and support for undertaking plural valuation grows, a deeper understanding is needed regarding how it can be adapted to different purposes, approaches, and social-ecological contexts in order to contribute to social equity and sustainability.  相似文献   

The non-consumptive (tourism) ‘value’ of marine species in the Northern section of the Great Barrier Reef     

《Marine Policy》2014

This paper uses the Kristrom (logit) spike model to analyse contingent valuation (payment card) data from a study of 2180 domestic and international visitors taking reef trips to the Northern section of the Great Barrier Reef. It investigates: (a) their willingness to pay for a “100% guaranteed sighting” of several different marine species; and (b) the sensitivity of final estimates to various methodological issues. It finds that final estimates are particularly sensitive to questionnaire design, but that the ranking of species (from most to least ‘valued’) is robust across a range of methodological specifications. The most valued groups of species were (in order): whales and dolphins; sharks and rays; ‘variety’; marine turtles; and finally large fish. Evidently, whale watching is not the only potentially lucrative source of tourism revenue; other marine species may be similarly appealing. These potential revenues need to be considered when making decisions about whether or not to conserve marine species.  相似文献   

The importance of local forest benefits: Economic valuation of Non-Timber Forest Products in the Eastern Arc Mountains in Tanzania     

《Global Environmental Change》2014

Understanding the spatial distribution of the quantity and economic value of Non-Timber Forest Product (NTFP) collection gives insight into the benefits that local communities obtain from forests, and can inform decisions about the selection of forested areas that are eligible for conservation and enforcement of regulations. In this paper we estimate transferable household production functions of NTFP extraction in the Eastern Arc Mountains (EAM) in Tanzania, based on information from seven multi-site datasets related to the behaviour of over 2000 households. The study shows that the total benefit flow of charcoal, firewood, poles and thatch from the EAM to the local population has an estimated value of USD 42 million per year, and provides an important source of additional income for local communities, especially the poorest, who mainly depend on subsistence agriculture. The resulting map of economic values shows that benefits vary highly across space with population density, infrastructure and resource availability. We argue that if further restrictions on forest access to promote conservation are considered, this will require additional policies to prevent a consequent increase in poverty, and an enforced trade-off between conservation and energy supply to rural and urban households.  相似文献