东北地区的创新能力演化及其经济带动作用分析   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

宋周莺  车姝韵  王姣娥 《地理科学》2016,36(9):1388-1396

通过建立创新能力指标体系和计算模型,并采用相关分析、回归分析、变异系数等方法,从不同空间层级剖析了东北三省的创新能力发展格局及其对经济发展的带动作用,并根据研究结果提出了相关政策建议。研究发现：① 从创新能力分析,吉林、辽宁的创新能力增长较快而黑龙江相对较慢,省际差异呈扩大态势;地级市之间的创新能力相差悬殊,呈现明显的省会城市及门户城市集聚效应,但市级差异呈缩小态势。② 从创新贡献率分析,辽宁的科技创新转化能力及其对经济发展的带动相对较强,而吉林、黑龙江相对较弱;地级市差异较大,沈阳、大连、长春、大庆的创新贡献率比较突出,而锦州、吉林、盘锦、铁岭上升较快。③ 大部分地级市的创新发展对经济带动模式为“低创新能力-弱经济带动”和“高创新能力-强经济带动”,说明各地级市的创新发展及其对经济带动的两极分化较严重。  相似文献   

中国与“一带一路”沿线国家贸易格局及其经济贡献   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9  

邹嘉龄  刘春腊  尹国庆  唐志鹏 《地理科学进展》2015,34(5)

"五通"(即政策沟通、设施联通、贸易畅通、资金融通、民心相通)是"一带一路"对外合作战略的重点。中国各省(市、区)对"一带一路"沿线国家的出口,是"贸易畅通、资金融通"等的主要内容。本文根据最新的国际贸易中心统计数据、2014年中国海关统计数据以及2010年30省区市区域间投入产出表,分析了中国与"一带一路"沿线国家的贸易相互依赖关系以及中国各省(市、区)出口对其经济增长的贡献。结果表明,中国与"一带一路"沿线国家间的贸易依赖程度加深,同时呈现出不对称性;进一步从省(市、区)域层面来看,沿海省份对"一带一路"沿线国家的出口对其GDP增长的贡献较高,新疆对中亚5国的贸易对其GDP增长的贡献非常高,对中亚5国的出口有着很强的依赖性。  相似文献   

“双峰”期孟加拉湾风暴对西南水汽输送的贡献     

段旭  张瑾文 《大气科学》2015,39(3):526-534

5月和10～11月是孟加拉湾风暴活动的两个"峰值"期, 风暴对西南水汽输送有重要影响, 本文利用2001～2010年10年的JTWC(Joint Typhoon Warning Centre)风暴资料和NCEP(National Centers for Environmental Prediction)/NCAR(National Center for Atmospheric Research)1°×1°再分析资料, 研究风暴"双峰"期对西南水汽输送的贡献, 结果表明:风暴水汽向北输送最强, 其次是向东输送, 其它方向的输送较弱;在风暴中心区域及西南水汽通道, 各层和整层的 通量均大于气候平均值, 风暴的西南水汽输送特征显著;两个"峰值"期风暴的经向水汽输送比纬向几乎大一倍, 5月"峰值"期孟加拉湾风暴在西南方向的实际水汽输送总量约是10～11月的2倍, 孟加拉湾风暴前"峰值"期(5月)对水汽输送的影响大于后"峰值"期(10～11月), 孟加拉湾风暴是5月西南水汽输送的主要系统之一。  相似文献   

广西区域霾过程高低空大气环流型影响分析     

郑凤琴  曾鹏  罗小莉  廖国莲 《气象科技》2019,47(4):655-662

利用1980—2015年NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料和广西80个地面气象站资料,采用Lamb-Jenkinson方法对广西区域霾过程的大气环流进行分型,并探讨高低空环流型配置与区域霾过程的关系。结果表明:当地面东南风型、高空西风型时,广西出现霾过程的频率最高;地面东风型配合高空西风型对年霾过程的贡献最大,地面东南风型配合高空西风型主要出现在冷暖气流转换的春季、地面低压型配合高空高压脊型出现在西太平洋副热带高压明显加强、地面处于弱低压环境场的夏季、地面东风型配合高空西风型出现在环流稳定平直的秋季、地面东风型配合高空高压脊型出现在环流经向度明显增强的冬季,霾过程具有冬季多发、夏季少发的特点。近36年来,地面东风型配合高空高压脊型是广西霾过程呈偏多趋势的主导环流型。  相似文献   

临边遥感大气辐射传输的宽光谱快速计算模型   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭晶  杨春平  曾丹丹  叶玉堂  饶长辉 《遥感学报》2015,19(1):93-107

为解决目前临边遥感大气辐射传输模型存在计算光谱窄和计算速度慢等问题,基于HITRAN2008数据库、带模式算法和临边辐射传输方程建立了0.2—20μm波段大气临边辐射传输的宽光谱快速计算模型FALTRAN。建立了含有散射辐射和热辐射的临边辐射传输方程,并依据临边几何特征提出了一种基于有限差分的半球辐射累加HRA解算方法。利用FALTRAN计算分析了几个常用的遥感波段内典型大气条件和切向高度时大气的临边辐射特性,并定量分析了左、右半球辐射对总辐射的贡献情况。模型校验结果表明,FALTRAN与CDI模型的计算结果相对差异在2%以内,并与MIPAS的测量结果符合很好,验证了FALTRAN在临边遥感中大气传输计算的可靠性。  相似文献   

近10年我国用水与水资源利用情况时空特征研究     

周素萍  曹杰 《南京气象学院学报》2015,7(4):323-330

水资源是社会经济发展的重要物质基础,地下水是水资源的重要组成部分,水资源合理开发利用是社会经济可持续发展的重要因素之一.基于《中国统计年鉴》及《中国水资源公报》中2003—2012年用水及供水相关数据,利用EOF展开方法,分析了我国31个省级行政分区用水和水资源利用情况的空间分布及时间演变特征.研究结果表明:全国总用水量不断增加,但增幅有所减小,各地区用水总量变化趋势多样,中东部变化较大,西部变化较小,河北省、浙江省、海南省、青海省和甘肃省与其他地区反相变化;江苏省、浙江省和广东省地下水资源的利用与工业产业协调发展,可作为其他地区的典范;北京市、天津市、河北省、山西省、陕西省、甘肃省和青海省通过调整产业结构,地下水资源利用状况向良好的趋势发展;新疆维吾尔自治区和内蒙古自治区的地下水资源利用现状和趋势不容乐观,应注意增强环保意识,调整产业结构,以求水资源得到协调、可持续的开发和利用.  相似文献   

Contribution of deviatoric stresses to metamorphic P-T paths: an example appropriate to low-P, high-T metamorphism     

K. STÜWE  M. SANDIFORD 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1994,12(4):445-454

P-T paths for a simple situation appropriate to many low- P , high- T (LPHT) terranes in which metamorphism and deformation are localized by advection of heat in magmas, has been modelled assuming a medium with a power-law rheology with an inverse exponential dependence of stress and temperature and capable of sustaining deviatoric stress, τ, in the order of 100 MPa at 400 C and strain rates of up to 10^-13s^-1. Numerical simulations and analytical approximations for P-T histories appropriate for simple convergent deformation histories show that the destruction of the deviatoric stress field around large intrusions may result in significant decompression near the metamorphic temperature peak. Moreover, for a specified strain rate and temperature evolution, P-T paths may vary from clockwise to anticlockwise merely as a function of vertical distance from the heat source. Inasmuch as mounting independent evidence suggests that the crust can support deviatoric stresses of up to about 100 MPa at temperatures of 400-500 C, and that the shear strength of the crust is strongly temperature-dependent in the range 400-800 C, these results suggest that caution should be taken in the tectonic interpretation of P-T paths involving decompression of the order of 100 MPa or less in LPHT terranes. The results illustrate a plausible mechanism for the close spatial association of both clockwise and anticlockwise P-T paths documented in some LPHT terranes.  相似文献   

Pore Water Nutrient Regeneration in Shallow Coastal Bohai Sea, China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Su Mei Liu  Jing Zhang  Wen Sheng Jiang 《Journal of Oceanography》2003,59(3):377-385

The regeneration of pore water nutrients was studied and the contribution of benthic nutrient fluxes to the overlying water was evaluated on the basis of field specific observations conducted in September–October 1998 and April–May 1999 in the Bohai Sea. Nutrient concentrations in sediment pore waters were examined by incubating sediment core samples with overlying seawater in air and/or nitrogen conditions. Nutrient diffusion fluxes calculated by diagenetic equations were within a factor of 2 during incubations. The factors affecting nutrient diffusion across sediment/water interface include bioturbation, nitrification, denitrification, adsorption, and dissolution. The regeneration of nutrients from sediments will increase nutrient loads of the Bohai Sea and affect nutrient atomic ratios in this region. Among nutrient sources from riverine input, atmospheric deposition and sediment regeneration, ammonium and phosphate mainly came from atmospheric deposition (>50%); nitrate was mainly transported by riverine input into the Sea, silicate from sediment regeneration accounts up to 60%. This demonstrates that nutrient regeneration in sediments contributes more silicate than riverine input and atmospheric deposition together, but benthic flux contributes very much less phosphate and nitrate relative to riverine input and atmospheric deposition. The benthic fluxes of nutrients may lead to a decrease of the amount of nitrate, an increase of phosphate, ammonia and silicate in the water column. The release of silicate from sediments may compensate the decrease of silicate due to the reduction of riverine discharge. Nutrient regeneration in sediment may have an important influence on the eutrophic character of coastal waters in this region. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Simulating CO_2 flux of three different ecosystems in ChinaFLUX based on artificial neural networks     

《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,(Z2)

The nonlinearity of the relationship between CO2 flux and other micrometeorological variables flux parameters limits the applicability of carbon flux models to accurately estimate the flux dynamics. However, the need for carbon dioxide (CO2) estimations covering larger areas and the limitations of the point eddy covariance technique to address this requirement necessitates the modeling of CO2 flux from other micrometeorological variables. Artificial neural networks (ANN) are used because of their power to fit highly nonlinear relations between input and output variables without explaining the nature of the phenomena. This paper applied a multilayer perception ANN technique with error back propagation algorithm to simulate CO2 flux on three different ecosystems (forest, grassland and cropland) in ChinaFLUX. Energy flux (net radiation, latent heat, sensible heat and soil heat flux) and temperature (air and soil) and soil moisture were used to train the ANN and predict the CO2 flux. Diurnal half-hourly fluxes data of observations from June to August in 2003 were divided into training, validating and testing. Results of the CO2 flux simulation show that the technique can successfully predict the observed values with R2 value between 0.75 and 0.866. It is also found that the soil moisture could not improve the simulative accuracy without water stress. The analysis of the contribution of input variables in ANN shows that the ANN is not a black box model, it can tell us about the controlling parameters of NEE in different ecosystems and micrometeorological environment. The results indicate the ANN is not only a reliable, efficient technique to estimate regional or global CO2 flux from point measurements and understand the spatiotemporal budget of the CO2 fluxes, but also can identify the relations between the CO2 flux and micrometeorological variables.  相似文献   

Far-Zone Contribution in Ellipsoidal Stokes Boundary-Value Problem     

Ardestani  Vahid E.  Martinec  Zdeněk 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2003,47(4):719-723

In the first attempt to solve the Stokes boundary-value problem in ellipsoidal coordinates numerically (Ardestani and Martinec, 2000), we focused on the near-zone contribution since the effect of the ellipsoidal Stokes function in the far-zone contribution is not considered. We present a method for solving the ellipsoidal Stokes integral in far-zone contribution. The numerical results of computing the magnitude of this term for an area in north of Canada are presented.  相似文献