柴达木盆地托拉海河下游复合新月形沙丘沉积构造探地雷达探测初步结果     

张潇  严平  董苗  刘小槺  袁文杰  王晓旭 《中国沙漠》2023,43(1):160-168

运用探地雷达,对柴达木盆地托拉海河下游右岸两个典型复合新月形沙丘进行探测,通过图像处理与影像解译,获取了连续且具一定深度的风沙沉积构造信息,并结合无人机影像、遥感影像与野外实际考察情况,综合分析该研究区内风沙沉积构造与沉积环境。结果表明：（1）选取100 MHz的天线、0.5 m探测步长、1 m的天线间距进行探测,探地雷达图像与无人机影像呈现出很好的对应关系,沙丘内部构造清晰,故使用此参数探测复合新月形沙丘的内部结构可行。（2）托拉海河下游复合新月形沙丘内部沉积构造类型多样,广泛发育正向加积层、垂向加积层等层理。（3）河道与沙丘均向东南方向移动,两个沙丘存在规模持续缩小且两翼拉长、逐渐变得不对称的发育过程。（4）托拉海河下游复合新月形沙丘的发育分为3个时期：快速发育阶段、固定风蚀阶段、蚀余加积阶段。  相似文献   

柴达木盆地西南缘山前沙丘区沉积物地球化学特征及其指示意义     

张思悦  李继彦  张姚姚  徐德华 《中国沙漠》2023,43(1):222-233

以柴达木盆地西南缘山前沙丘区为研究区,采用地球化学元素分析方法,阐明了研究区不同类型地表沉积物的地球化学元素特征,并探讨其风化特征、物质来源及输移过程。结果表明：(1)研究区沉积物常量元素组成以SiO₂、Al₂O₃和CaO为主,三者的平均含量总和超过83%。微量元素以Cl、Ba、Sr和Zr含量较高。与上陆壳(UCC)平均化学元素组成相比,常量元素CaO轻微富集,微量元素As高度富集,Co轻微富集。(2)研究区化学蚀变指数(CIA)变化较小,为40.90～53.05,平均47.51,化学风化程度较弱,均处于风化的初期阶段。(3)特征元素比值表明,研究区沉积物具有相同的物质来源。柴达木盆地西南缘东昆仑山中的岩石经过风化剥蚀产生的碎屑物质在季节性流水作用下被搬运至山前堆积,形成广布的山前冲-洪积平原,后经风力吹蚀改造形成现在的地表景观。本研究不仅可以丰富区域风沙地貌研究内容,而且也可为区域风沙灾害的防治提供理论基础。  相似文献   

古尔班通古特沙漠东南部植被线形沙丘内部构造及发育模式   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

解锡豪  李志忠  靳建辉  刘瑞  邹晓君  马运强 《中国沙漠》2022,42(3):74-84

在野外调查基础上,应用探地雷达（GPR）对古尔班通古特沙漠东南部植被线形沙丘内部构造进行探测,获取了沙丘内部构造的雷达相图像信息,结合区域自然地理和沙丘形态特征分析,初步探讨植被线形沙丘内部构造的演化模式。结果表明：（1）GPR探测揭示了沙丘地表以下3—5 m深度的浅层构造信息,可识别沙丘中上部和丘顶部位的高倾角、上凸形和楔状交错层理、沙丘中下部和丘间地的低倾角-近水平层理构造,反映了沙丘上部风沙蚀积活动较强烈,而两翼中下部和丘间地以风沙加积为主。（2）从沙漠边缘到沙漠中心,植被线形沙丘浅层沉积构造组合由两坡不对称分布向对称分布变化,沙丘横剖面形态亦由两坡不对称向对称形态同步变化,但未发现沙丘侧向迁移的沉积构造证据。（3）依据不同规模沙丘内部构造变化序列,可将植被线形沙丘演化划分为灌丛沙丘、风影灌丛沙丘、垄状沙链、植被线形沙丘等4个发育阶段。随着叠置灌丛沙丘不断合并融入,线形沙丘宽度和高度持续增大,沙丘顶部风沙活动性增强,高倾角、上凸形、楔状交错层理增多。（4）在沙丘表层3—5 m以下块状层理以及GPR探测信号衰减、图像分辨率变差的成因,应在今后工作中进一步验证。此外,系统阐明研究区植被线形沙丘演化过程,尚需补充更多GPR探测资料并开展年代学研究。  相似文献   

Spatiotemporal distribution of sea-island prehistoric dune sites,Holocene sea levels,and aeolian sand activities in Fujian Province,China     

JIN Jianhui  LING Zhiyong  LI Zhizhong  ZUO Xinxin  FAN Xuechun  HUANG Yunming  WANG Xiaoyang  WEI Changfu  REN Yongqing  QIU Junjie 《地理学报(英文版)》2022,32(6):1157-1176

The lower reaches of the Minjiang River and its adjacent areas were among the most active prehistoric archaeological areas in Fujian Province. The accumulation types of Neolithic archaeological strata are roughly divided into dune sites and dune/shell mound sites. The sites can also be roughly divided into estuarine, coastal, and sea-island sites based on their geomorphic features. The cultural development of these prehistoric sites is of great significance for understanding the migration and spread of Austronesian civilization. Based on luminescence dating of typical Neolithic sites on Haitan Island, their quartz-OSL (optically stimulated luminecesence) burial ages were determined. Synthesizing previously published results, the temporospatial distribution characteristics of the sea-island sites on Haitan Island are discussed, and the relationship between Neolithic human activities and regional geomorphic processes is analyzed. The results show that: (1) the spatial and temporal distribution of the Haitan Island Neolithic sites are closely related to small-scale geomorphic features and are controlled by mesoscale geomorphic processes. The sites were mainly distributed in the foothills of two high hills along an NNE-SSW trend. With an increase in altitude, the features were distributed as “single site (I) - superimposed site - single site (II)” and appear successively. Single type sites (I) mainly appeared at low sea level, whereas single type sites (II) mainly appeared at high sea level. Superimposed sites were not subject to sea level changes. The relative elevation of the superimposed sites in the study area indicates the optimal residential area for human activities in the region. The single site with an elevation lower than the optimal residential area was mainly restricted by the lowest residential area, whereas the single site at a higher elevation than the optimal residential area was mainly affected by livelihood patterns. (2) High sea level caused by the “backwater effect” in low latitude areas in the southern hemisphere, and coastal aeolian sand activity influenced by sea level fluctuations in the middle Holocene correspond well with human activities recorded in the cultural stratigraphy of sea-island type sites. The altitude of coastal aeolian sand accumulation can be used as an indirect index to estimate the age of coastal dunes.  相似文献   

Reynolds stress and sand transport over a foredune     

Connie Chapman  Ian J. Walker  Patrick A. Hesp  Bernard O. Bauer  Robin G. D. Davidson‐Arnott  Jeff Ollerhead 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2013,38(14):1735-1747

Reynolds shear stress (RS = –u′ w′) and sand transport patterns over a vegetated foredune are explored using three‐dimensional velocity data from ultrasonic anemometers (at 0 · 2 and 1 · 2 m) and sand transport intensity from laser particle counters (at 0 · 014 m). A mid‐latitude cyclone on 3–4 May 2010 generated storm‐force winds (exceeding 20 m s^–1) that shifted from offshore to obliquely alongshore. Quadrant analysis was used to characterize the spatial variation of RS quadrant components (Q1 through Q4) and their relative contributions were parameterized using the flow exuberance relation, EX_FL = (Q1 + Q3)/(Q2 + Q4). The magnitudes of RS and sand transport varied somewhat independently over the dune as controlled by topographic forcing effects on flow dynamics. A ‘flow exuberance effect’ was evident such that Q2 (ejection‐like) and Q4 (sweep‐like) quadrants (that contribute positively to RS) dominated on the beach, dune toe, and lower stoss, whereas Q1 and Q3 (that contribute negatively to RS) dominated near the crest. This exuberance effect was not expressed, however, in sand transport patterns. Instead, Q1 and Q4, with above‐average streamwise velocity fluctuations (+u′), were most frequently associated with sand transport. Q4 activity corresponded with most sand transport at the beach, toe, and stoss locations (52, 60, 100%). At the crest, 25 to 86% of transport was associated with Q1 while Q4 corresponded with most of the remaining transport (13 to 59%). Thus, the relationship between sand transport and RS is not as straightforward as in traditional equations that relate flux to stress in increasing fashion. Generally, RS was poorly associated with sand transport partly because Q1 and Q4 contributions offset each other in RS calculations. Thus, large amounts of transport can occur with small RS. Turbulent kinetic energy or Reynolds normal stresses (u′², w′²) may provide stronger associations with sand transport over dunes, although challenges exist on how to normalize and compare these quantities. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Vegetation dynamics on eroding to accreting beach‐foredune systems,Florida panhandle     

Michael C. A. Bitton  Patrick A. Hesp 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2013,38(12):1472-1480

Vegetation surveys were conducted on a variety of coastal foredunes in a largely natural region along the Gulf County region of the Florida panhandle. Species presence, absence and percentage cover were surveyed on 12 foredune profiles during different seasons. The vegetation data were analyzed using the Shannon–Wiener Diversity Index and Sørensen Index. Uniola sp. and Andropgon sp. were the dominant species on foredunes. Uniola sp. was found predominantly on the gulfward facing or stoss slopes, and Andropgon sp. was found to be dominant on the inland or lee slopes of foredunes. While they are present on all foredunes, their presence and percentage cover are dominant on rapidly prograding coasts. Prograding/accretional beaches had higher Sørensen Index values (i.e. higher similarities) than did the foredune‐vegetation profiles on eroding beaches. Diversity as indicated by the Shannon–Wiener analysis (H’) is greatest on the highest, and generally eroding dunes. Foredune diversity increased with foredune height, and the tallest foredunes were found on shorelines with relatively low erosion rates, where dunes were slowly translating landwards, cannibalizing older dunes, and moving into areas colonized by late successional species, such as Quercus sp. These observations of foredune species richness, diversity, profile similarities, and the use of ecological indices can provide excellent proxy evidence of shoreline dynamics, and in particular the degree of beach erosion and accretion, in the absence of historical erosion/accretion data. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Hydrogeologically controlled freshwater dynamics in the coastal sand dune aquifer of Ongole coast (AP), India     

D.V. Reddy  P. Nagabhushanam  T. Madhav  M. Anita  M. Sudheer Kumar 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(12):2186-2202

Abstract

A sand dune area, ~50 km² in size, the only source of freshwater in the coastal zone of Prakasham district, Andhra Pradesh, India, is bounded by marine sediments in the northwest, and the Bay of Bengal in the southeast. Measurements of groundwater level, hydrochemistry and stable isotopes for three years facilitated the identification of the aquifer response to drought and intense cyclonic storms. There was no major change in hydrochemistry and isotope values between drought and highly saturated conditions, except in a few wells in the northwest. During drought, the groundwater remained fresh, although the levels dipped to 2–5 m b.m.s.l., signifying no saline water ingression (no measurable bromide). Based on the field observations, resistivity soundings, electrical conductivity and groundwater level change due to pumping, the existence of impermeable boundaries in the northwest and southeast are hypothesized. Thus, the existing hydrogeological settings appear to be inhibiting the movement of the freshwater–saline water interface into the freshwater zone.