认识地球及其环境造福社会——IUGG的过去、现在和未来     

朱传镇 《国际地震动态》2011,(10):39-43

本文概述了国际大地测量学和地球物理学联合会(IUGG)的发展历史、宗旨及其组织机构和运作体制,介绍了近些年来IUGG在推动地球科学各相关学科的交叉融合、广泛开展国际合作、帮助发展中国家地球科学的发展,以及探讨地球科学未来的趋向,关注青年科学家的培养和成长等方面所开展的卓有成效的活动.这些活动对于人类认识地球、合理利用资...  相似文献   

The sustainable use and conservation of biodiversity in ABNJ: What can be achieved using existing international agreements?     

《Marine Policy》2014

While the international community debates the desirability and possible content of a new global instrument for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction, alternative approaches to improving the application and implementation of existing agreements for the protection of biodiversity appear to have fallen off the agenda. Recent practice under existing global and regional agreements suggests that, given political will, significantly greater protections could be achieved through the more effective implementation of individual sectoral agreements. However, while single-sector measures have the potential to make a valuable contribution, ultimately only multi-sectoral, integrated, cooperative management can ensure the conservation and long-term sustainable use of marine biodiversity in ABNJ. This requires establishing mechanisms for cooperation both intra and inter-sectorally, as well as between the sectoral and global and regional conservation agreements. This paper examines recent initiatives within various sectoral and conservation treaty regimes aimed at improving their application within ABNJ as well as some of the challenges to, and options for, further and better cooperation and coordination among and between existing regimes, and it identifies a range of possible mechanisms for achieving more effective implementation and coordination among them. Greater use of existing mechanisms represents a sensible approach to making the most of existing arrangements without in any way foreclosing the possibility of the adoption of a more comprehensive, integrated global agreement for the protection of marine biodiversity in ABNJ.  相似文献   

Alleviating barriers to urban climate change adaptation through international cooperation     

《Global Environmental Change》2014

International cooperation on climate change adaptation is regarded as one of the major avenues to reduce vulnerability in developing countries. Nevertheless, it remains unclear which design properties of international arrangements match with specific problems in local adaptation processes. This paper analyses conditions and institutional design options under which international cooperation can facilitate climate adaptation in urban areas in developing countries. We conduct a qualitative meta-analysis of empirical evidence from 23 cases. Using the archetype approach, we identify re-appearing barriers and change factors in urban squatter settlements and municipal public sectors in developing countries. We characterise five generic modes of international cooperation for climate adaptation based on UNFCCC documents, process observation, and literature review. Combining these analyses, we develop testable propositions that explain how specific design options of international arrangements can alleviate barriers and make use of change factors for urban adaptation in developing countries. We find, first, that international cooperation has the most potential to tackle adaptation barriers in squatter settlements if its institutional mechanisms support improvements of procedures and rights in localised state–society interactions. Second, national or regional centres of competence may foster endogenous dynamics in municipal public sectors. Third, national adaptation policies can enable and incentivise municipal adaptation. Fourth, flexible indicators of adaptation benefits are instruments to tailor international decision making and monitoring systems to local needs. We conclude that these insights, the archetypes approach, and a multi-level study design can be used to advance research on international cooperation, barriers, and success factors for climate change adaptation.  相似文献   

科技地缘政治：从现实到理论——关于地理学加强科技地缘政治研究的思考     

段德忠  杜德斌 《地理科学》2023,43(1):20-30

世界在科技全球化、科技变革和大国科技博弈进程中正步入科技地缘政治时代。全球科技竞合是科技地缘政治时代的主旋律,也是大国博弈的主导形式。文章首先从全球科技竞合现实出发,明确了中国在科技地缘政治时代修正或重构国家科技地缘战略的重要性,认为应对国际国内形势变化,保障国家科技安全,中国需要加强科技地缘政治研究。其次,从时代变迁和地缘政治理论演进的视角阐释了科技地缘政治研究亟需建构新的理论体系和分析范式的原因。在此基础上,系统梳理了地理学、政治学和科技管理领域关于科技地缘政治研究的主要进展和存在的问题,认为：地理学领域的科技地缘政治探索虽详尽地揭示了全球科技竞合的时空特征,但并未从全球科技竞合的表象透视国家科技权力争夺的本质;政治学领域的科技地缘政治探索虽详细追溯了科技进步与地缘政治理论思潮演进和地缘政治格局演变的关系,但其剥离空间的抽象思维无法解释国家围绕一定地理空间进行博弈的现实;科技管理学领域的科技地缘政治探索虽进行了系统的全球科技体系演化与治理的研究,但其研究的立足点忽视了大国科技竞合的本质。鉴于此,提出了未来中国地理学在科技地缘政治研究的主要努力方向。  相似文献   

中国自然保护区生态旅游研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭迪  鲁小波  齐月 《云南地理环境研究》2013,(5):46-51

截止2012年,中国自然保护区面积达国土面积14.9％,超过世界平均水平.自然保护区的自然生态资源迎合了生态旅游需求,在保护区内开展生态旅游,为保护区可持续发展提供一个新的思路.目前,国内越来越多的学术研究论文集中在这些旅游活动,通过中国知网,对2000～2012年中国自然保护区生态旅游的相关文献进行检索和分析,经整理获得相关文献1 673篇,其中核心期刊414篇.在此基础上对自然保护区生态旅游的理论、开发、管理、环境问题、社区参与及国外经验研究方面进行综述.就中国自然保护区生态旅游的研究进展,概括出4点成就并提出4点建议.  相似文献   

中国创新型城市国际合作网络研究     

吴素春 《世界地理研究》2013,(3):74-82

开展国际合作有利于吸收国际优势创新资源,提高城市创新能力。文章以我国创新型城市国际友好城市数据为例,采用社会网络分析方法,研究了创新型城市国际合作网络的特征,发现创新型城市倾向于选择地理临近或发达国家的城市开展国际合作;不同城市的国际合作程度不同,上海和北京是国际合作最活跃的城市;东亚、北美、西欧和中欧是创新型城市国际合作最密集的区域。在国际合作网络分析的基础上,以北京市园林绿化国际合作为例,具体分析了国际合作的内容、方式和成效。最后指出我国创新型城市国际合作存在的问题,并提出相应的建议,以更好地推进城市间国际合作,加快创新型城市建设。  相似文献   

Tourist Behaviors in Wetland Park： A Preliminary Study in Xixi National Wetland Park, Hangzhou, China     

Lili Pan  Lijuan Cui  Ming Wu 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2010,20(1):66-73

Public education as well as tourism and leisure are the two important functions of national wetland park, and tourist behaviors act as the guiding factor in the national wetland park construction and management. As the first national wetland park in China, Xixi National Wetland Park, located in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, will give constructive instructions to the construction and management of other wetland parks and ecotourism resorts. This paper analyzed the tourist behaviors in Xixi National Wetland Park. By the observation, in-depth interview and questionnaire, the results show that tourists in wetland parks are different from those in the other common destinations, and they are also different from those strict eco-tourists. In fact, the tourists in wetland park have unique characteristics, such as the intense perception to the functions of wetland ecosystem and the environment impact behaviors. Those tourists are preferred to natural landscapes in their motivations and expectations. Wetland landscapes are the main image to those tourists in the Xixi National Wetland Park. Tourist expectation, experience and satisfaction are all critical factors for the success of the planning and management in national wetland parks. Based on the results, some measures for the sustainable development of wetland parks, including to optimize wetland theme landscape and tourism products, to improve tourist facilities and services, to enhance quality of visitor experiences, and to implement total quality management based on tourist characteristics, are given to national wetland park ecotourism.  相似文献   

基础四国加强气候变化科技合作的必要性和可能性          下载免费PDF全文

苏明山  李昕  鲁传一  赵秀生  王文涛 《气候变化研究进展》2011,7(6):435-440

基础四国在应对气候变化的科技合作方面,具有共同参与的广泛兴趣和优势互补的双赢特点。四国应对气候变化科技合作,不仅能促进四国的科技研发和示范推广及成果产业化的进程,进一步扩大四国在气候变化领域的利益交集,还将不断加深四国在气候变化谈判中的相互理解和支持。 四国已有气候变化科技合作的基础,合作中面临的障碍也有可能克服。四国科技合作不仅具有必要性,也有可能性。  相似文献   

山岳型风景区观光线路景观感知敏感度计算方法——以武安国家地质公园奇峡谷景区为例     

李仁杰  路紫  李继峰 《地理学报》2011,66(2):244-256

将景观感知倾向性、景观美学与质量评价等研究成果和旅游者感知评价结合,通过定量描 述可以感知的生态景观,反向描述旅游者的景观感知程度,提出了景观感知敏感度概念,建立了 观光线路景观感知敏感度模型和基于栅格数据的景观感知敏感度计算方法。在充分考虑影响 生态旅游者心理感知共性特征的基础上,选择景观可视状态、最佳观赏距离、最佳观赏方位3 个 视域感知影响因子,和景观类型、资源等级、沉浸式生态景观3 个生态感知影响因子,对感知敏感 度进行定量描述,反映旅游者的景观感知程度及其空间分异。以数字高程模型和高分辨率卫星 影像为基础,生成虚拟三维景观,选择视域分析、空间叠置、缓冲区等方法,设计了基于山岳型风 景区的观光线路景观感知敏感度计算流程,并选择河北省邯郸武安国家地质公园奇峡谷景区进行实验,以验证计算方法和流程的可行性。景观感知敏感度为生态旅游地尤其是山岳型风景区 规划中识别旅游者的景观感知强度和空间分异奠定了基础。  相似文献   

哈萨克斯坦跨界河流国际合作问题     

邓铭江 《干旱区地理》2012,35(3):365-376

哈萨克斯坦是中亚地区的“大国”,与四周比邻的国家均存在跨界水体联系,有44%的地表水来自邻国。跨界河流水资源开发利用与生态环境保护问题,是涉及国家政治、经济、安全、外交大局的重大战略问题。通过分析哈国地表水分布特点,简要回顾总结了与其邻国在跨界河流方面的合作情况;对哈国所担忧的水安全问题及采取的主要对策,进行了深入剖析,并就跨界河流管理未来的合作路径、跨界河流利用未来的分水原则、哈俄跨界河流水污染未来的解决途径、中亚国家间解决咸海危机的前提条件等问题,进行了分析讨论;指出对共享水资源的管理既可以成为中亚地区和平的力量,也可能成为冲突的因素,管理这种相互依存的资源是当今国际社会面临的一项关系人类发展的重大挑战。研究哈萨克斯坦跨界河流国际合作及其对核心利益问题的观点、认识、所采取的不同策略,对于处理好中哈跨界河流问题具有积极现实意义。  相似文献