基于矩形网格的有限差分走时计算方法   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

李振春  刘玉莲  张建磊  马在田  王华忠 《地震学报》2004,26(6):644-650

对于大多数速度场，地震波沿射线传播的初至波走时，可以用有限差分外推的方法在二维或三维数值网格上计算出来. 在保证精度的条件下，为提高计算效率和适应性，本文推导了基于任意矩形网格和局部平面波前近似的有限差分初至波走时计算方法. 另外，该方法对首波和散射波做了合适的处理，而且不会碰到传统射线法存在的阴影区和焦散区等问题. 简单模型和复杂的Marmousi模型试算的结果表明，该方法精度较高并适用于强纵、横向变速的复杂介质. 基于该方法的Kirchhoff叠前深度偏移, 在主要构造和目的层位置的成像效果上基本达到了波动方程法叠前深度偏移的位置成像效果. 由于未考虑续至波等有效能量，在成像的保幅性上不如波动方程法叠前深度偏移的效果，但其计算效率则明显高于全格林函数法和波动方程法.   相似文献   

Influence of the total atmospheric optical depth and cloud cover on solar irradiance components     

K. O. Ogunjobi  Y. J. Kim  Z. He   《Atmospheric Research》2004,70(3-4):209-227

Broadband solar irradiance data obtained in the spectral range 400–940 nm at Kwangju, South Korea from 1999–2000 have been analyzed to investigate the effects of cloud cover and atmospheric optical depth on solar radiation components. Results from measurements indicate that the percentage of direct and diffuse horizontal components of solar irradiance depend largely on total optical depth (TOD) and cloud cover. During summer and spring, the percentages of diffuse solar irradiance relative to the global irradiance were 5.0% and 4.9% as compared to 2.2% and 3.0% during winter and autumn. The diffuse solar irradiance is higher than the direct in spring and summer by 24.2%, and 40.6%, respectively, which may largely be attributed to the attenuation (scattering) of radiation by heavy dust pollution and large cloud amount. In cloud-free conditions with cloud cover ≤2/10, the fraction of the direct and diffuse components were 66.0% and 34.0%, respectively, with a mean daily global irradiance value of 7.92±2.91 MJ m⁻² day⁻¹. However, under cloudy conditions (with cloud cover ≥8/10), the diffuse and direct fractions were 97.9% and 2.2% of the global component, respectively. The annual mean TOD under cloudless conditions (cloud cover≤2/10) yields 0.74±0.33 and increased to as much as 3.15±0.67 under cloudy conditions with cloud amount ≥8/10. An empirical formula is derived for estimating the diffuse and direct components of horizontal solar irradiance by considering the total atmospheric optical depth (TOD). Results from statistical models are shown for the estimation of solar irradiance components as a function of TOD with sufficient accuracy as indicated by low standard error for each solar zenith angle (SZA).  相似文献   

大采深岩移观测阶段性分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李爱忠 《中国煤田地质》2004,16(Z1):54-56

为探 讨大 采 深 (780m )的 开采 沉 陷 规 律 ,在 5074工 作 面 上 方 建 立 孟 佃 大 寨 岩 移 观 测 站 ,对 观 测 成 果 的 分 析 ,得 到 如 下结 论 :①大 采 深 开 采情 况 下, 地表 移 动 的 活跃 期( 《规程 》规定 判 断) 存 在 ;或 者 说 地 表 移 动 活 跃 期 的 下 沉 按不速 度小 于 50m m / 月;②随 着 开采 深度 的 加 大 ,地 表 移动 期 推 迟 ,对 地 面 建筑 物 的 破 坏也 比 较 迟 缓;③大 采深 单 一 煤 层的 非充 分 采动 ,地 面建 筑 物受 损程 度 很小 。  相似文献   

水域静力触探设备的研制和应用     

刘荣毅  陈光顺 《岩土工程技术》2004,18(3):161-162

为详细了解崇明越江通道南港隧道段地层情况 ,设计要求提供长江水域静探资料。简介了我院水域静力触探设备的研制和应用情况  相似文献   

Method of high-density seismic imaging ex-ploration and application samples     

熊章强  张学强  李修忠  谢尚平  张大洲 《地震学报(英文版)》2004,17(3):344-348

Introduction Now, shallow seismic reflection wave technique has been used extensively in geological ex-plorations of bridge, dam, high building and so on. Since shallow seismic reflection wave tech-nique is often implemented in industrial zone or city with dense population, the background dis-turbance including industrial noise, life noise, etc is very serious. Furthermore, the disturbance of seismic source is also serious due to short array length and offset of the method. In general, shal-lo…  相似文献   

叠前深度偏移述评   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4  

罗银河  刘江平  俞国柱 《物探与化探》2004,28(6):540-545

叠前深度偏移是理想的改善复杂地区和强横向速度变化的地震资料成像技术,笔者就4种典型叠前深度偏移方法的理论基础与技术特点,存在的问题及国内外最新进展进行了讨论.  相似文献   

The 1.80–1.74-Ga gabbro–anorthosite–rapakivi Korosten Pluton in the Ukrainian Shield: a 3-D geophysical reconstruction of deep structure     

S. V. Bogdanova  I. K. Pashkevich  V. B. Buryanov  I. B. Makarenko  M. I. Orlyuk  V. M. Skobelev  V. I. Starostenko  O. V. Legostaeva 《Tectonophysics》2004,381(1-4):5

The deep structure of the gabbro–anorthosite–rapakivi granite (“AMCG-type”) Korosten Pluton (KP) in the northwestern Ukrainian Shield was studied by 3-D modelling of the gravity and magnetic fields together with previous seismic data. The KP occupies an area of ca. 12,500 km² and comprises several layered gabbro-anorthositic intrusions enveloped by large volumes of rapakivi-type granitoids. Between 1.80 and 1.74 Ga, the emplacement of mafic and associated granitoid melts took place in several pulses. The 3-D geophysical reconstruction included: (a) modelling of the density distribution in the crust using the observed Bouguer anomaly field constrained by seismic data on Moho depth, and (b) modelling of the magnetic anomaly field in order to outline rock domains of various magnetisation, size and shape in the upper and lower crust. The density modelling was referred to three depth levels of 0 to 5, 5 to 18, and 18 km to Moho, respectively. The 3-D reconstruction demonstrates close links between the subsurface geology of the KP and the structure of the lower crust. The existence of a non-magnetic body with anomalously high seismic velocity and density is documented. Most plausibly, it represents a gabbroic stock (a parent magma chamber) with a vertical extent of ca. 20 km, penetrating the entire lower crust. This stock has a half-cylindrical shape and a diameter of ca. 90 km. It appears to be connected with a crust–mantle transitional lens previously discovered by EUROBRIDGE seismic profiling. The position of the stock relative to the subsurface outlines of the KP is somewhat asymmetric. This may be due to a connection between the magmatism and sets of opposite-dipping faults initially developed during late Palaeoproterozoic collisional deformation in the Sarmatian crustal segment. Continuing movements and disturbances of the upper mantle and the lower crust during post-collisional tectonic events between 1.80 and 1.74 Ga may account for the long-lived, recurrent AMCG magmatism.  相似文献   

Regional moment tensor uncertainty due to mismodeling of the crust     

Jan ílený 《Tectonophysics》2004,383(3-4):133-147

The retrieval of earthquake moment tensor (MT) requires the response of the medium, in which seismic waves travel from the hypocenter to the stations, to be known. In inverting long-period (LP) seismic data (teleseismic and LP regional records), a gross earth model is sufficient; with decreasing periods, a more detailed model is needed. This is the case when waveforms of weak earthquakes at regional distances are to be inverted. Regional moment tensors (RMTs) of mostly Mediterranean earthquakes are determined on a routine basis by the Swiss Seismological Survey (SED) by using averaged models of the earth's crust. By inverting broad-band records of the M_w=4.8 earthquake near Udine, N Italy, on Feb. 14, 2002, we tested the sensitivity of the MT solution with respect to possible errors in the earth model used and in the location of the hypocenter depth. We perturbed the P and S velocities and the thickness in the 1-D earth model in the range from 3% to 30% of the parameter values and constructed estimates of confidence regions of the MT and error bars of the source time function (STF) and scalar moment in three frequency bands. Similarly, these error characteristics were determined assuming a mislocation in the hypocenter depth. We found that, in the band of periods from 25 to 50 s, the mechanism is resolved well (at the confidence level 95% at least) up to an earth model uncertainty of 30%, in the passband 10–25 s up to about 10%, but it is undetermined completely at periods of 5–10 s. An error in hypocenter depth of as much as double the value reported by the location procedure does not destroy the resolution of the mechanism at periods above 10 s. In the RMT catalog of the SED, earthquakes of M_w greater than about 3.5 are processed at periods above 30 s; thus, the solutions for these events are robust with respect to a possible uncertainty in the earth model used. Mechanisms of weaker earthquakes, retrieved from short periods, should be interpreted with caution.  相似文献   

Pressure State in Deep Crust and Formation Depth of UHP Metamorphic Rocks     

Lü Guxian 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2004,15(2):135-144

INTRODUCTIONSincethediscoveryofeclogiteswithcoesiteanddia mondinclusionsrelatedtothecontinent continentcollision orogenyenvironment,theultrahigh pressuremetamorphism(UHPM )intheDabie Suluhasarousedgreatinterestinmanygeologists (Liouetal .,1994 ;Xuetal.,1992 ) .Experimentalstudieshaveprovedthatsuchmineralsasdia mond ,coesiteandomphaciteoccurredat 2 - 5GPa (andatthecorrespondingtemperatures) (Stevenetal.,1982 ;MirwaldandMasonne ,1980 ) .However,itdoesnotmeanthatthemetamorphicrockscanbe…  相似文献   

Influence of groundwater level change on vegetation coverage and their spatial variation in arid regions   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

SULTAN Danyar  SONG Yudong  MARINA Jumakeld 《地理学报》2004,14(3):323-329

Sampling and testing are conducted on groundwater depth and vegetation coverage in the 670 km2 of the Sangong River Basin and semi-variance function analysis is made afterwards on the data obtained by the application of geo-statistics. Results showed that the variance curve of the groundwater depth and vegetation coverage displays an exponential model. Analysis of sampling data in 2003 indicates that the groundwater depth and vegetation coverage change similarly in space in this area. The Sangong River Basin is composed of upper oasis, middle ecotone and lower sand dune. In oasis and ecotone, influenced by irrigation of the adjoining oasis, groundwater level has been raised and soil water content also increased compared with sand dune nearby, vegetation developed well. But in the lower reaches of the Sangong River Basin, because of descending of groundwater level, soil water content decreased and vegetation degenerated. From oasis to abandoned land and desert grassland, vegetation coverage and groundwater level changed greatly with significant difference respectively in spatial variation. Distinct but similar spatial variability exists among the groundwater depth and vegetation coverage in the study area, namely, the vegetation coverage decreasing (increasing) as the groundwater depth increases (decreases). This illustrates the great dependence of vegetation coverage on groundwater depth in arid regions and further implies that among the great number of factors affecting vegetation coverage in arid regions, groundwater depth turns out to be the most determinant one.  相似文献