African Fire Cultures,Cattle Ranching,and Colonial Landscape Transformations in the Neotropics          下载免费PDF全文

Andrew Sluyter  Chris Duvall 《Geographical review》2016,106(2):294-311

Fire regimes emerge partly from human activities that reflect cultural‐ecological knowledge of the relationships among fire, vegetation, grazing, climate, and other variables, as well as social relations. More knowledge of such “fire cultures,” past and present, therefore remains necessary to better understand the causes and persistent consequences of landscape burning. In the neotropics, people have used fire for centuries to manage livestock pastures. Conventional wisdom has long posited that such practices derived solely from antecedent European and indigenous, Native American fire cultures. Analysis of accounts of rangeland burning from throughout the neotropics during colonial times, however, demonstrates that ranchers incorporated African fire cultures and that the timing of burning shifted from early during the dry season in the sixteenth century to late during the dry season by the nineteenth century.  相似文献   

Engaging a temporal–spatial stretch: An inquiry into the role of the state in cultivating and claiming the Chinese knowledge diaspora     

《Geoforum》2015

This paper examines the role of the state in cultivating and claiming the Chinese knowledge diaspora for development, focusing on the Chinese–German academic space. It calls for a temporal–spatial stretch in conceptualising the state in this policy arena. The spatial stretch broadens the usual analysis of the state to go beyond the sending nation-state framework. It illustrates that the state, rather than functioning as a unitary body, comprises different agencies and exists in a multiplicity of forms. Examples demonstrate that the Chinese state at various geographical levels and localities as well as states in other countries engage with one another in making and tapping the Chinese knowledge diaspora. The temporal stretch necessitates an extension of our analytical optic from the conventional focus on how the state claims the diaspora ‘out there’ towards recognising its important role in the strategic and selective production of the diaspora. Furthermore, this paper calls for a higher sensitivity to other temporal characteristics in state policies and practices. Moving away from an expectation of a permanent return of its talents overseas, the Chinese state has turned to the ‘diaspora option’, which refers to regulating and tapping the potential of the Chinese knowledge network that contributes from afar and/or circulates transnationally. Other mechanisms to control the temporality of knowledge diaspora engagement will also be illustrated. Finally, the paper provides an analysis of the complex, sometimes collaborative while other times competitive relationship, between the Chinese and German states in producing and regulating the Chinese knowledge diaspora.  相似文献   

GLOBAL AND LOCAL CHANGE ON THE PORT‐CITY WATERFRONT*     

BRIAN HOYLE 《Geographical review》2000,90(3):395-417

ABSTRACT. Successful waterfront redevelopment requires an understanding of global processes and an appreciation of the distinctiveness of port‐city locations. Waterfront revitalization occurs at the problematic and controversial interface between port function and the broader urban environment. It reflects varied forces and trends, involves community attitudes and environmental sensitivities, and influences transport evolution and urban change. The revitalization phenomenon is examined using community attitudes in Canada and urban regeneration in East Africa to illustrate retrospective and prospective dimensions.  相似文献   

THE LIMITS OF LOCAL INITIATIVES: A REASSESSMENT OF URBAN ENTREPRENEURIALISM FOR URBAN DEVELOPMENT     

《Urban geography》2013,34(1):57-77

The concept of diaspora as an active agent in the making of transnationalism has been a subject of various interpretations and heated debates. This study examines the heterogeneous subethnic identities of the Chinese diasporas and their spatial manifestation, using Hong Kong as a case. With its colonial connections and strategic location, Hong Kong has functioned as a center of origin and destination in the transnational movement of the Chinese diaspora. The great spatial mobility demonstrated by the Hong Kong sojourners or their "refugee mentality," as it is known, is found to be deeply rooted in their subethnic identity in the nation. A systematic analysis of spatial data collected in 1961 and 1996 reveals an uneven geography of subethnicity polarized by the elite English and Shanghainese on the one end and the local Kejia people on the other end. Despite the processes of deterritorization and displacement, the great spatial mobility of the Hong Kong sojourners and the diasporic landscape they have created have remained effectively shaped by their place-based ethno-linguistic identities. The seemingly "ungrounded empire" of Chinese diaspora capitalism, in which Hong Kong has played a crucial part, has been based on preexisting place-specific conditions.  相似文献   

State‐led talent return migration programme and the doubly neglected ‘Malaysian diaspora’: Whose diaspora,what citizenship,whose development?          下载免费PDF全文

Sin Yee Koh 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2015,36(2):183-200

This paper questions the assumptions of ‘diaspora’, ‘citizenship’ and ‘development’ underlying diaspora strategies targeting a specific pool of overseas Malaysian ‘talent’ migrants. I examine the Malaysian state's discursive attempts to construct a carefully contained economic ‘diaspora'—the ‘Malaysian diaspora'—through its talent return migration programme. In this process, there is a portion of the ‘Malaysian diaspora’, especially non‐bumiputeras (sons of soil), who are doubly neglected and excluded: first, from access to full and equal citizenship (which arguably contributed to their emigration in the first place); and second, from eligibility and recognition to participate in Malaysia's talent return migration programme. However, recent political activism calling for electoral reform and overseas voting rights challenges state‐constructed visions of the ‘diaspora’ and their expected roles in advancing ‘development’. This paper concludes by highlighting questions raised by the Malaysian case, linking these explicitly to how diaspora strategies—as they have been conceived, practised and contested—challenge the broader Migration and Development paradigm.  相似文献   

Policy towards the Diaspora and Ethnic (Return) Migration: An Estonian case     

Hill Kulu 《GeoJournal》2000,51(3):135-143

This article examines the Estonian diaspora-policy and ethnic (return) migration from the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) to Estonia in the 1990s. Ethnic migration to re-independent Estonia began in 1992, when the Estonian government evacuated 170 ethnic Estonians from areas caught up in the Georgian-Abkhazian war. Along with this was created the institutional framework for receiving ethnic migrants from crisis areas of the CIS. Later, support and facilities were also granted to ethnic Estonians migrating from elsewhere in the CIS. As a result, about 1,200 ethnic Estonians from the CIS settled in Estonia in 1992–1996. The research supports that ethnic migration is a phenomenon in which the state policy plays a decisive role both in inducing migration and in selecting those who are granted the right to relocate.  相似文献   

The geopolitics of diaspora   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Sean Carter 《Area》2005,37(1):54-63

In recent years there has been a growing body of work dealing with issues of diaspora and hybridity, both within geography and in other disciplines, such as cultural studies. This work tends to celebrate the potential of the hybrid and diasporic to transcend essentialist notions of identity and subjectivity. In this paper I argue that these approaches often fail to pay sufficient attention to two particular aspects of the diaspora experience: firstly, the geographical specificities of particular diasporas, and secondly, the ways in which essentialist modes of being are often reproduced within diasporic discourse. This is done by providing an overview of recent research into the Croatian diaspora in the United States (particularly their involvement in the Balkan conflicts of the 1990s), which begins to develop the notion of the geopolitics of diaspora.  相似文献