The ecological requirements of Agapetus fuscipes Curtis (Glossosomatidae), a characteristic species in unimpacted streams     

Rebi Nijboer   《Limnologica》2004,34(3):213-223

Agapetus fuscipes is a caddisfly that only seems to occur in unimpacted streams and therefore can be a suitable indicator species for natural conditions. The species has decreased in the Netherlands because of human activities which caused organic pollution and hydromorphological degradation. Literature was reviewed to study the autecology and life cycle of A. fuscipes in order to reveal the ecological requirements of this species. By taking Agapetus fuscipes as an example, it is shown that the autecology and life cycle of an indicator species can give important clues for its presence in unimpacted and absence in impacted streams. A. fuscipes is very susceptible to organic pollution and to a lesser degree to discharge dynamics (dropping water level and discharge peaks). The species copes with dynamic discharge events by maintaining a high population density and recolonisation of disturbed habitats from refuges. However, the vulnerability of the species strongly depends on the life stage of the animals (e.g., the ability to migrate, the oxygen demand and the habitat requirements differ between instars). Although several adaptations to dynamic conditions, a high frequency of discharge peaks or a long period of drought can cause the population to decline. Once a population has totally disappeared from a stream it will take the species a long time to recolonise the stream because of its low dispersion capacity. To protect this species stream restoration should focus on water quality (avoid organic pollution and agricultural run off) and on stabilising the discharge by taking care of natural infiltration in the catchment area instead of fast removal of rain water by drainage systems.  相似文献   

节水灌溉评价研究进展   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

王景雷  吴景社  齐学斌  杨保中  赵辉  樊向阳 《水科学进展》2002,13(4):521-525

在探讨节水灌溉内涵的基础上,指出节水灌溉的影响不仅仅表现为“有利”或“不利”影响,而是一个动态的变化过程。分析了当前节水灌溉评价存在的主要问题;探讨了节水灌溉综合评价的研究方向和前景。  相似文献   

粘土矿物的环境意义   总被引：57，自引：2，他引：57  

汤艳杰  贾建业  谢先德 《地学前缘》2002,9(2):337-344

粘土矿物在沉积和埋藏作用过程中可发生转变。它的形成和转化与其所处的环境有密切关系 ,因此深入研究粘土矿物的组合与含量的变化、结构特点与转化规律以及粒度分布等特征 ,可以推测其形成区和来源区的风化作用类型和气候演变规律 ,有助于揭示全球性的环境演变规律。对粘土矿物的大量研究所揭示的古气候环境演变的信息 ,已被用于重建古气候和恢复大陆古环境。此外 ,由于粘土矿物具有较强的吸附性、离子交换性和膨胀性 ,对水体中各种类型的污染物有良好的吸附性能 ,并使土壤有一定的自净作用 ,所以在环境污染的防治中有广阔的应用前景。  相似文献   

论金刚石原生矿勘查模型的“三组合”标志     

李国华  颜彬 《地质科技情报》1993,(Z1)

论述了金刚石原生矿勘查模型的“三组合”标志,即重砂法异常标志是出现次钙高铬镁铝榴石及高铬铬尖晶石矿物等;地球物理标志是与刚性围岩相比具有磁异常、低阻、高极化异常、重力低与放射性强度异常等;地球化学标志是具有Cr、Ni、Nb、La、Ce、Th等特征元素的综合异常。  相似文献   

Indicator minerals as guides to base metal sulphide mineralisation in Betul Belt, central India     

Biswajit Ghosh  M. N. Praveen 《Journal of Earth System Science》2008,117(4):521-536

Zn-bearing minerals that act as indicator minerals for base metal sulphide mineralization from the Proterozoic Betul Belt, central India with special emphasis on their genetic significance have been discussed. Sulphide mineralisation is hosted by the felsic volcanic rocks and has similarities with volcanic-hosted massive sulphide deposits in other parts of the world. Synvolcanic hydrothermal alteration is crudely zoned with an inner high Mg-Ca core and an outer wider envelop of Al-Fe rich mineral assemblage. Most of the prospects have strata bound, moderately to steeply dipping, multiple, sub-parallel sheet like ore bodies composed of disseminated and semi-massive to massive ores. Zn-bearing spinel, staurolite, biotite and ilmenite typically occur within the foot-wall alteration zones in close proximity to the sulphide mineralization. Zincian spinel is ubiquitous irrespective of the nature of alteration zone. Zincian staurolite is nearly absent in Mg-Ca alteration zones but commonly present in Al-Fe alteration zone along with zincian ilmenite. Zn-bearing biotite in intimate association with zincian spinel is generally found in Mg-Ca alteration zone and in the transition to Al-Fe alteration zone. Most of these indicator minerals can be considered as products of desulphidation of sphalerite during metamorphism. Mechanisms other than desulphidation like formation of gahnite by overstepping of the zinc saturation limit of biotite during retrogression to chlorite and formation of zincian staurolite at the expense of gahnite is also recorded. Field presence of these minerals has immense significance in exploration in Betul Belt as they occur in close spatial relationship with the sulphide rich zones and therefore act as direct vectors to ore.  相似文献   

基于指示和多元地质统计学的空间预测方法(英文)     

Jingxiong Zhang  Na Yao 《地球空间信息科学学报》2008,11(4):243-246

There are various occasions where simple, ordinary, and universal kriging techniques may find themselves incapa- ble of performing spatial prediction directly or efficiently. One type of application concerns quantification of cumulative distribution function （CDF） or probability of occurrences of categorical variables over space. The other is related to optimal use of co-variation inherent to multiple regionalized variables as well as spatial correlation in spatial prediction. This paper extends geostatistics from the realm of kriging with uni-variate and continuous regionalized variables to the territory of indicator and multivariate kriging, where it is of ultimate importance to perform non-parametric estimation of probability distributions and spatial prediction based on co-regionalization and multiple data sources, respectively.  相似文献   

基于河流健康及国际法的跨境水分配关键指标及阈值   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

冯彦  何大明  王文玲 《地理学报》2015,70(1):121-130

基于前期研究中获得的8个河流健康主要评价指标、3个主要跨境水分配指标的结果以及指标之间的相关性,确定了河流健康和跨境水分配的关键指标：多年平均水量、最大取用水量和最小维持水量。跟踪查询《国际淡水条约数据库》内1864-2002年应用3个关键指标的38个国际条约及其所涉及28条国际河流的主要水文信息,通过对条约中水分配指标的标准化计算和分析,得到各指标阈值及其区域性特征：① 最小维持水量指标得到普遍应用,其次是多年平均水量指标,而最大取用水量指标应用率明显低于前两个指标。② 应用多年平均水量指标,在界河上基本确定了平均分配方案,阈值为50%;“内河”属性支流的阈值为100%;跨境河流上产生了较多的差额分配方案和较多的上游国用水多于下游国的方案。③ 最小维持水量指标,其应用有从发达地区向发展中地区扩展、从保证用水向维持生态用水发展的特点;当该指标在跨境和界河的河流尺度上用于保证供水时,该指标阈值平均分别为41.7%和50%,且流域国家实力对其影响极为明显,而在跨境河流河段尺度上阈值平均为36.1%;用于维持河道生态水量时,阈值平均为14.7%,并有逐步增长的趋势。  相似文献   

辽宁灰山屯钼矿地质特征及找矿标志     

刘长纯  杨仲杰  王成龙  姜春雨  刘国昊  姚志宏 《地质与资源》2014,23(6):560-563

灰山屯钼矿分布于小孤山-北大山-灰山屯-老虎洞多金属成矿带的中东部.研究区内地层、岩浆岩、构造发育较好,超浅成花岗斑岩、北东向断裂是成矿最有利的部位.矿体产于北东向由花岗斑岩所形成的隐爆角砾岩及强硅化带中.基于对成矿地质条件和物、化探异常的研究,认为灰山屯钼矿为斑岩型钼矿,并总结了找矿标志.  相似文献   

地理环境因子对螺情影响的探测分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

通拉嘎  徐新良  付颖  魏凤华 《地理科学进展》2014,33(5):625-635

近年来,由于自然环境、经济社会等因素影响,中国血吸虫病疫情呈回升态势,表现为急性感染人数和血吸虫病患病人数增多,局部地区钉螺扩散明显,感染性钉螺分布范围逐渐扩大等。钉螺是血吸虫的唯一中间宿主,控制钉螺对血吸虫病防治具有重要意义。本文根据钉螺的生态学特征,综合高程、水文、土地利用、土壤、植被等因子,基于地理探测器模型分析了地理环境因子对2009年湖北省钉螺分布的影响。结果表明：① 在垸内型流行区,整个流行季（3-10月）、特别是7-9月期间的植被覆盖与钉螺分布范围有关,密螺地带的特征为土壤质地粉砂含量适中、黄红壤和淹育水稻土,第一季度有较高的植被覆盖度;② 在垸外型流行区,湖泊滩地、高覆盖度草地是其主要分布环境,而第一季度较高的植被覆盖,尤其是荻、芦苇等植被类型是高密度地区的环境特征;③ 在山地丘陵,河流附近的林地和耕地,潴育或淹育水稻土是钉螺密集分布的环境。筛选出的地理环境指示因子可用于遥感技术监测钉螺孳生地,从而为采取有效的控螺措施提供科学依据。  相似文献   

中国北方风沙沉积物气候代用指标对比研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李朝柱  杨小平 《第四纪研究》2004,24(4):469-473

在浑善达克沙地和巴丹吉林沙漠各选择近NS走向的大断面采集表层样品,用筛析法对样品进行粒度分析,用Eijkelkamp碳酸钙测定仪测定其碳酸钙含量。两地沙质沉积物的粒度参数对比结果显示,巴丹吉林沙漠沙总体上比浑善达克沙地沙粗,分选性比浑善达克沙地沙好,同时在粒度分布频率曲线上表现出明显的双峰,这应与其地处冬夏季风交替地带、冬季风和夏季风搬运营力上的差别有关。巴丹吉林沙漠和浑善达克沙地沙质沉积物粒度参数上的差别反映了两地不同的风动力条件和下垫面性质。浑善达克沙地的沙粒较细在一定程度上也与该地区较湿润条件下的成土作用有关。气候差异应是导致两地沙质沉积物粒度参数区别的主导因素。碳酸钙测量结果说明,浑善达克沙地的碳酸钙含量明显低于巴丹吉林沙漠。巴丹吉林沙漠沙的碳酸钙含量从北往南呈增加趋势,与该地区年降水量的南北方向变化相一致。从对这两个地区沙质沉积物的碳酸钙含量对比中可以看出,即使在干旱背景下,当多年平均降雨量达到一定临界值时,地表碳酸钙含量将达到一最大值,随后则呈降低趋势  相似文献