A global index for measuring socio-spatial segregation versus integration     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2015

The article suggests a global index that measures segregation/integration in social space on one continuum. We assume that social space is the context of human agency, stimulating some modes of action and turning down other modes of action, but still leaving a room for active agency. Accordingly, we introduce the concept of socio-spatial lifestyle and we define segregation/integration as one aspect of socio-spatial lifestyle. The index is multidimensional relating to residential and activity spaces and to the sources of recruiting social, cultural and emotional capitals in either intra or inter ethnic sources.A case study of Arabs in Israel is tested showing the relatively high segregation of Arabs in terms of accumulating social capital even when Arabs commute to Jewish spaces and live in Jewish neighborhoods or mixed cities.  相似文献   

关于新时代实物地质资料科普发展的思考 ——以自然资源实物地质资料中心为例     

刘向东  王增祥 《地质论评》2021,67(1):180-184

实物地质资料是地质工作形成的最直接、最重要成果的体现,是地下地质情况最真实的信息记录载体,蕴藏着丰富的地质信息和地学知识,并具有原始性、唯一性、不可再生性、潜在价值巨大、获取成本高等特点,对我国国民经济建设和社会发展以及地球科学研究、地学科普等具有重要支撑作用。充分利用数字化、信息提取与挖掘、虚拟现实、互联网等技术,将实物地质资料科学、高效利用起来,切实转变实物地质资料科普观念,加强实物地质资料科普化研究,丰富实物地质资料科普形式,注重实物地质资料科普人才队伍建设,推进新时代实物地质资料科普工作高质量发展,进一步增强科普功能,提升新时代全民地球科学素养,对构建世界一流的岩芯管理体系具有重要现实意义。  相似文献   

加强极低级变质作用研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

沈其韩  耿元生  宋会侠 《岩石矿物学杂志》2018,37(2):342-348

本文主要论述了4个与极低级变质作用研究相关的内容:(1)极低级变质作用研究的主要内容和标志;(2)加强极低级变质作用研究的重要意义和必要性;(3)当前国内外研究现状和存在问题;(4)加强极低级变质作用研究需要考虑的4个方面,一是立项,二是稳定的经费支持,三是人才培养,四是先进仪器设备的配备。  相似文献   

中性盐溶液提取土壤中金属活动态及其对隐伏矿的指示: 以甲基卡稀有金属矿区为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

耿艳  梁斌  徐志强  王秋波  刘婷  户双节 《高校地质学报》2019,25(1):51

以甲基卡稀有金属矿区X03 号超大型稀有金属矿体以及804 号脉等两个典型隐伏矿体作为研究对象,采用硫酸钾 （K2SO4） 中性盐溶液作为金属活动态提取剂,进行了土壤中Li 元素活动态的提取试验。结果表明,Li 元素活动态的地球化 学异常很好地对应了隐伏矿体的位置,能够有效地指示隐伏矿体的存在。在甲基卡土壤中目标元素内生组分/外生组分比值 很高的稀有金属矿区,采用中性盐溶液这类弱提取剂,才能最大程度地排除土壤内生组分的干扰,有效识别隐伏矿体。通 过提取条件优化实验,在甲基卡地区采用硫酸钾（K2SO4） 溶液提取土壤中Li 元素活动态的最佳技术参数为：提取剂浓度 0.2 mol/L,粒级200 目,pH为6.82,固液比为1:5,提取时间为48 h。  相似文献   

The determination of minor and trace element associations in coal using a sequential microwave digestion procedure     

Kay L. Laban  Brian P. Atkin 《International Journal of Coal Geology》1999,41(4):817

A sequential extraction procedure, using acid digestion in a CEM MDS-81D® microwave system, is reported for the investigation of trace and minor element associations in coal in (1) mineral phases other than pyrite, (2) pyrite and (3) the organic matrix. The concentrations of sulphate, pyrite and organic sulphur can also be determined by this method. The extract solutions from each stage are rapidly analysed by ICP-AES. The association of major, minor and trace elements with mineral and organic phases is suggested for a suite of certified reference coal samples. In stage 1, a significant percentage of the total Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Sr was extracted suggesting an association with silicate, carbonate, sulphate and phosphate minerals for these elements. In stage 2, a proportion of the Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn was dissolved implying the occurrence of these elements in pyrite. An association with the organic matrix is suggested for Cr and also for Ba and Sr in lower rank coals.  相似文献   

Flow resistance in the coastal zone     

K. T. Houwman  L. C. Van Rijn   《Coastal Engineering》1999,38(4):313

The apparent bed roughness, the roughness value experienced by a mean flow outside the wave-boundary layer, is deduced from the physical bed roughness and the wave–current interaction mechanism. Both the physical bed roughness and the wave–current interaction are described by a (combination of) model(s). Modelling of the apparent bed roughness leads to realistic results, however, the final results are rather sensitive to the particular choice of these models. Four bed form models and two wave–current interaction models were implemented in a 1-DV flow model to calculate near-bed velocities. A comparison between measured and predicted velocities shows that reasonable results can be obtained in this way. A constant bed roughness of 0.1 m, however, leads to even better results at this site during all conditions. This can be explained by the reversed influence of the form roughness and the wave–current interaction on the apparent bed roughness value for varying wave conditions.  相似文献   

Spatial distribution of phosphorus forms in sediments in the Gulf of Gdańsk (southern Baltic Sea)     

Katarzyna Łukawska-Matuszewska  Jerzy Bolałek 《Continental Shelf Research》2008

The paper analyses the concentrations of total phosphorus and its forms in sediments from the Gulf of Gdańsk on the basis of studies conducted at 25 sampling sites in 2001–05. The phosphorus speciation analysis was performed by sequential extraction. The extensive spatial variability of P_tot concentrations and speciation was found to be dependent on the physicochemical properties of the sediments, the oxygen conditions in the water and sediments, and the depth of the water column above the sediment surface. In the coastal zone, the sedimentation of riverine suspended matter and the sorption and chemisorption processes exert a considerable influence on P speciation. Over 70% of variation of total phosphorus concentration in sediments in the Gulf of Gdańsk could be explained by changes of proportion of fine fraction of sediments (grain size <0.0625 mm). Maximum P_tot concentrations were recorded in clays and silts in the deep water, stratified part of the Gulf of Gdańsk. In the coastal zone, where sandy sediments are dominant, phosphorus concentrations were much lower; this was due to the considerable dynamics of the bottom water and intensive sea floor transport. P_tot concentrations in the Gulf of Gdańsk sediments ranged from 1.75 to 957.17 μmol g⁻¹ d.w. Of all the forms of phosphorus, the highest concentrations were found for organic phosphorus (Org-P). Of its inorganic forms, the highest concentrations were of phosphorus bound to clay minerals and aluminium oxides (NaOH-P), the lowest ones were of loosely bound phosphorus (NaCl-P). On the basis of determinations of total phosphorus concentrations in sediments of a given type and the available data on the seabed areas covered by particular sediment types in the Gulf of Gdańsk, the mass of total phosphorus in the surficial sediment layer (0–2 cm) was estimated at ca. 15.6×10³ tonnes.  相似文献   

海水悬浮颗粒物中不同形态磷的测定     

刘际弟  陈建芳 《海洋学研究》2013,31(1):72-77

分别采用硫酸过硫酸钾作为氧化剂进行高压消解和用浓度为1 mol/dm³盐酸浸泡提取,然后用磷钼蓝分光光度法测定海水悬浮颗粒物、沉积物中的总磷和无机磷,用差减法得到有机磷。悬浮颗粒物总磷(PTP)和无机磷(PIP)质量浓度分别为(632.4～651.7)×10^-6和(436.6～452.6)×10^-6时,其相对标准偏差小于1.44%。悬浮颗粒物总磷、无机磷和有机磷的回收率分别为97.2%～101.3%,97.8%～100.4%和97.3%～102.3%。所建立的分析方法可用于海水、河口水悬浮颗粒物及沉积物中不同形态磷的测定。  相似文献   

动荷载下桩承式路堤的承载特性及机制研究     

许朝阳  周锋  吕惠  马耀仁  孟涛  完绍金 《岩土力学》2014,35(11):3231-3239

对于桩承式路堤作用效应的研究目前主要侧重于对静荷载作用下桩土应力比和土拱效应等,较少考虑动荷载的影响,而车辆运行产生的动应力会对路堤中的土拱产生一定的影响,进而影响桩承式路堤的整体性能。为了分析静、动荷载作用下桩承式加筋路堤的性能变化,采用可视化模型试验和颗粒流数值模拟相结合的方法,对桩承式路堤在静载和动载下的应力传递和变形性状进行研究,分析动载作用下填土高度、桩帽、桩距、加筋形式、荷载频率的影响。试验结果表明,在动载下无筋路堤的桩顶的应力减小,而桩间的应力和位移增大,并且变化的幅度均比加筋路堤大,加筋材料的设置有利于减小动载的影响效应,但不同加筋形式下桩承式路堤的工作性状有所不同,受动载影响程度的大小主要与土拱效应的强弱有关。设置双层加筋时,因加筋材料与周围砂土形成半刚性平台,土拱效应减弱,故受动载影响的程度最小,单层加筋时,格栅设于桩顶上方10 cm比格栅置于桩顶受动载影响的程度明显减小,颗粒流的模拟结果验证了以上结果,并且进一步得出随荷载频率的增加、填土高度与桩净距的减小,动载的影响效应增大的结论。  相似文献   

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地不同种类植物叶面滞尘粒度特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

贾文茹  李生宇  高晓阳  王宁波  王世杰  田野  刘建宇  毛文莲  唐金峰 《中国沙漠》2014,34(3):658-665

为了揭示不同种类植物叶面滞尘粒度特征,对塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中沙漠植物园内10种阔叶植物的叶面滞尘和同一环境中集尘缸降尘进行取样,利用沉积物的粒度分析方法,研究了不同种植物叶面滞尘的粒度特征。结果表明：（1）植物叶面滞尘平均粒径为16～61 μm,以粉沙和极细沙为主,粉沙（65.85%）和黏土（7.77%）含量大于集尘缸降尘中的相应含量（32.01%,3.19%）;植物叶面滞尘分选性较差,分选系数为1.42～1.74;偏度属于近对称、正偏或极正偏;峰态中等偏窄,峰度值集中在1.019～1.375。与集尘缸降尘相比,植物叶面滞尘颗粒偏细,分选性偏差,整体正偏程度偏小,峰态偏宽。（2）10种植物叶面滞尘粒度也存在差异,平均粒径排序为灰杨<银沙槐<沙枣<小叶白蜡<沙冬青<枸杞<沙打旺<铃铛刺<胀果甘草<白刺,表明植物叶面对大气降尘的滞留和吸附具有很强的选择性,而这种选择性是植物叶面特性（是否有绒毛或褶皱等）、植物生活型（乔木、灌木、草本）以及与之相应的风沙流颗粒分布、近地表小气候特征等因素综合作用的表现。（3）粒度参数相关散点图表明10种植物叶面滞尘、集尘缸降尘沉积环境不同,而平均粒径与分选性对沉积环境变化响应最为敏感。  相似文献