泸定县五里村泥石流危害特征分析及防治建议     

宋志  李宗亮  铁永波 《地质灾害与环境保护》2010,21(2):11-14

泸定县五里村泥石流沟属于典型的高山峡谷地形,构造侵蚀地貌,地形地貌高差悬殊,地质构造复杂,岩石破碎,地质灾害频发,具备泥石流发生的条件。对五里村泥石流灾害的危害特征进行了分析,表现为五里村沟下游堆积区,泥石流流向明显,直冲工棚与居民点的低凹处,更由于过流量小的便桥阻塞,将加大泥石流能量向低凹处转移,一旦暴发泥石流,易造成重大经济损失和人员伤亡。针对泥石流的危害特征,建议扩大便桥过流量,低凹处工棚与居民点搬迁至右岸相对较高处,以避免泥石流灾害。  相似文献   

Within-reach spatial variability of snails and molluscivory by brown trout     

Joseph R Holomuzki 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):189-197

Linking habitat distributions of prey to the probability of predation is important to understanding consumptive effects of predators on prey populations. This study reports how within-reach spatial variability of two snails, the hydrobiid Potamopyrgus antipodarum and the physid Physella acuta, was linked to habitat-based predation risk by young brown trout (Salmo trutta) of different age classes. Potamopyrgus is endemic to New Zealand streams and lakes, where it commonly co-exists with the invader P. acuta, but both snails are worldwide invaders to many freshwater systems. Examination of egested snails revealed Potamopyrgus and Physella were consumed in similar numbers within age classes. However, 10-month-old trout consumed, on average, fewer snails than 20-month-old trout, and 8-month-old trout ate essentially no snails, suggesting snails were a more important prey item for larger age-1 fish than smaller age-0 fish. No Physella were egested alive by any trout age class. However, 38% and 16% of the Potamopyrgus consumed were egested alive by 10- and 20-month-old trout, respectively, with some passing live after ~70 h in digestive tracts. Physella and the spiny-shell form of Potamopyrgus were significantly denser on macrophytes than on stony sediments in midchannel, and these habitat distributions affected their odds of consumption. Risk of consumption by trout was ~10 times greater for Physella than Potamopyrgus on stones, but their risk was similar in protective macrophytes. Odds of consumption were similar for spiny and smooth shell forms of Potamopyrgus on stones, suggesting spines do not provide protection from large predators like trout. My results suggest that brown trout can potentially exert stronger population regulatory effects on Physella than on Potamopyrgus and that these effects are partly mediated by macrophyte cover.  相似文献   

An　experimental　study　on　fractural　features　of　concrete　samples　containing　hard　inclusion   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

许昭永  王彬  赵晋明  胡毅力  梅世蓉 《地震学报(英文版)》1997,10(1):97-105

ＡｎｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｆｒａｃｔｕｒａｌｆｅａｔｕｒｅｓｏｆｃｏｎｃｒｅｔｅｓａｍｐｌｅｓｃｏｎｔａｉｎｉｎｇｈａｒｄｉｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎＺＨＡＯＹＯＮＧＸＵ（许昭永）１）ＢＩＮＷＡＮＧ（王彬）１）ＪＩＮＭＩＮＧＺＨＡＯ（赵晋...  相似文献   

紫色土的钾素形态转化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

游翔  朱波  谢尚春  彭奎 《山地学报》2001,(Z1)

采用室内盆钵培养方法 ,研究侏罗纪蓬莱镇组 (J3P)、沙溪庙组 (J2 S)、遂宁组 (J3S)和白垩纪城墙岩群 (K1 C)紫色岩层发育土壤的钾素形态转化。结果表明 ,一年后 ,紫色土交换性钾增加 2 0mg.kg- 1 以上 ,非交换性钾增加 10 .5 8mg .kg- 1 ,结构钾减少了 31.5 6mg .kg- 1 。交换性钾、非交换性钾增加顺序分别为 :J3P >J3S >J2 S >K1 C及K1 C >J3P >J2 S >J3S ;结构钾降低的顺序为 :J3P >J3S >K1 C >J2 S。紫色土交换性钾、非交换性钾及结构钾互为消长有利于土壤源源不断地供给作物有效态钾素 ,一定程度弥补因作物带走的钾。  相似文献   

Turf exfoliation in the high Drakensberg, Southern Africa     

Stefan W. Grab 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2002,84(1):39-50

Limited research attention has focussed on turf exfoliation as a denudation process in mountain environments. This paper examines some characteristics of turf exfoliation forms identified within particular valley zones in the Drakensberg alpine belt. Morphological and sedimentological data are presented for turf exfoliated sites investigated in the Mashai Valley of eastern Lesotho. It is found that a variety of processes, including needle ice action, biological activity, fluvial processes and deflation, operating synergistically, are responsible for contemporary turf exfoliation in the high Drakensberg. It is apparent that the strong seasonality from mild, wet summers to cold, dry winters has helped induce the annual cycle of dominating processes.  相似文献   

Pattern of phosphorus forms in a Mediterranean shallow estuary: Effects of flooding events   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

A. Avils  F.X. Niell 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2005,64(4):786-794

Floods are responsible for the variation in the concentration of different phosphorus forms contained in the sediment of a small shallow estuary (Palmones River). The maximum differences were observed in the middle estuary, while other stations, placed in the inner and outer parts, showed a less sensitive response. The apatite forms (AIP) are the major ones. Noticeable changes in the concentration of different phosphorus forms are related with fine grain size sediment. In spite of different responses obtained along the estuary, the results reveal the possibility of using phosphorus concentration as a flood event index, discarding the use of phosphorus speciation for the same purpose.  相似文献   

Geochemical records of phosphorus in Jiaozhou Bay sediments-Implications for environmental changes in recent hundred years   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

DAI Jicui  SONG Jinming  LI Xuegang  YUAN Huamao  ZHENG Guoxi  LI Ning 《海洋学报(英文版)》2007,26(4):132-147

Phosphorus is a key element and plays an important role in global biogeochemical cycles. The evolution of sedimentary environment is also influenced by phosphorus concentrations and fractions as well as phosphate sorption characteristics of the marine sediments. The geochemical characteristics of phosphorus and their environmental records were presented in Jiaozhou Bay sediments. Profiles of different forms of phosphorus were measured as well as the roles and vertical distributions of phosphorus forms in response to sedimentary environment changes were investigated. The results showed that inorganic phosphorus (IP) was the major fraction of total phosphorus (TP); phosphorus which is bound to calcium, iron and occluded phosphorus, as well as the exchangeable phosphorus were the main forms of IP, especially calcium-phosphorus, including detrital carbonate-bound phosphorus (Det-P) and authigenic apatite-bound phosphorus (ACa-P), are the uppermost constituent of IP in Jiaozhou Bay sediments. Moreover, the lead-210 chronology technology was employed to estimate how much phosphorus was buried ultimately in sediments. And the research showed that the impacts of human activities have increased remarkably in recent years especially between the 1980s and 2000. According to research, the development of Jiaozhou Bay environment in the past hundred years can be divided into three stages: (1) before the 1980s characterized by the relatively low sedimentation rate, weak land-derived phosphorus inputs and low anthropogenic impacts; (2) from the 1980s to around 2000, accelerating in the 1990s, during which high sedimentation rates, high phosphorus abundance and burial fluxes due to the severe human activities impacted on the whole environmental system; (3) after 2000, the period of the improvement of environment, the whole system has been improved including the decreasing sedimentation rates, concentration and the burial fluxes of phosphorus.  相似文献   

Phosphorus forms in sediments of the East China Sea and its environmental significance     

ZHENG Libo  YE Ying  ZHOU Huaiyang 《地理学报》2004,14(1):113-120

By means of SEDEX, ASPILA and XRF, depth-dependent changes of different phosphorus forms in sediment cores from specific areas of the offshore Changjiang Estuary (Yangtze Estuary) in 1998 were analyzed. Results show that contents of total phosphorus (TP), organic-phosphorus (OP) and iron-phosphorus (Fe-P) decreased down-core, while those of absorbed-phosphorus (Ad-P) and calcium-phosphorus (Ca-P) increased. The distribution tendency of detritus-phosphorus (De-P) is not obvious. Results also show that TP, Fe-P and OP contents at Meso station of the Changjiang Estuary and Hangzhou Bay are higher than that of the other stations. This suggests that the pollutants carried by the Changjiang and the Qiantang rivers from inland have affected the natural environment in offshore area. TP, Fe-P and OP contents of each station become higher from bottom to top, indicating the amount of the terrestrial pollutants carried by the two rivers has been enhanced since the last 30-50 years. Ad-P, Ca-P, Fe-P and OP are all active phosphorus in sediments, and their re-cycling in sediment is closely related to each other.  相似文献   

森林沼泽景观元素存在形式及化探方法研究   总被引：10，自引：9，他引：10  

金浚  丁汝福等 《地质与勘探》2002,38(4):50-55

对我国东北北部森林沼泽景观各种采样介质元素存在形式进行研究，确定这类地区元素存在形式有碎屑形式和元素活动态形式两类。实际资料表明，元素存在形式对采样介质，采样粒度，采样方法的确定有重要影响，对研究区景观地球化学特征，元素迁移富集机制研究和化探异常评价具有重要意义。通过试验研究确定了森林沼泽景观区中大比例尺化探工作方法。  相似文献   

Conversion of sedimentary fatty acids from extractable (unbound + bound) to tightly bound form during mild heating     

Kimitaka Kawamura  Ryoshi Ishiwatari 《Organic Geochemistry》1985,8(3):197-201

Prolonged heating (1–248 days) of a recent sediment was conducted under mild conditions (65 and 83°C) to understand the thermal behavior of extractable (unbound and bound) fatty acids (C_12C32). In the course of the heating, the concentrations of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids first decreased, and then increased. This indicates that extractable fatty acids can be converted to a tightly bound form upon heating, before fatty acids are extensively released from sediment matrices. Changes in molecular distributions of extractable fatty acids upon heating were also observed. The higher molecular weight fatty acids (?C₂₀) are more likely to become tightly bound than are lower molecular weight (<C₂₀). Monounsaturated fatty acids (C_16:1 and C_18:1) are more easily converted to the tightly bound form than polyunsaturated fatty acids (C_18:2 and C_18:3). These differences probably reflect their mode of occurrence in sediments, which are closely related to their origin.  相似文献