环境规制能否促进黄河流域要素效能发挥？          下载免费PDF全文

生延超  徐珊  周垚 《干旱区地理》2023,46(1):139-148

黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展已上升为国家战略。作为经济高质量发展的微观基础,在环境约束下要素效能充分发挥就显得至关重要。根据马克思主义政治经济学,要素效能由要素质量与要素效率有机构成,前者是要素效能发挥的必然前提,后者是要素效能发挥的内在要求。基于环境规制影响要素质量与要素效率的作用机理,采用面板固定效应模型与中介效应模型实证分析了2008—2019年黄河流域环境规制对要素效能发挥的影响。结果表明：（1）环境规制通过人口集聚实现要素质量升级,通过产业结构优化促进要素效率提高,并在二者的共同作用下促进要素效能发挥。（2）环境规制与要素质量升级、要素效率提高、要素效能发挥均呈现先抑制后促进的“U型”关系。（3）环境规制对要素效能发挥的促进作用存在经济发展水平与城市规模异质性。在经济发展水平高的地区,环境规制显著促进要素效能发挥;经济发展水平较低或城市规模较小的地区,环境规制先抑制后促进要素效能发挥,二者呈“U”型关系;在城市规模较大的地区,二者关系不显著。研究结果为黄河流域从微观要素层面促进经济高质量发展指明方向,对落实黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展战略具有积极意义。  相似文献   

Spatiotemporal variations of water use efficiency and its driving factors in Inner Mongolia from 2001 to 2020     

MEI Li  TONG Siqin  YIN Shan  BAO Yuhai  HUANG Xiaojun  ALATENG Tuya  WANG Yongfang  GUO Enliang  YUAN Zhihui  NASHUN Dalai  GAO Suriguga  LIU Xinyi  YE Zhigang 《地理学报(英文版)》2023,33(1):169-194

Water use efficiency (WUE) is an important variable to explore coupled relationships in carbon and water cycles. In this study, we first compared the spatial variations of annual gross primary productivity (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET) using four GPP and ET products. Second, we selected the products closest to the flux towers data to estimate WUE. Finally, we quantitatively analyzed the impact of climate change and soil water content on WUE. The results showed that: (1) Four GPP and ET products provided good performance, with GOSIF-GPP and FLDAS-ET exhibiting a higher correlation and the smallest errors with the flux tower data. (2) The spatial pattern of WUE is consistent with that of GPP and ET, gradually decreasing from the northeast to the southwest. Higher WUE values appeared in the northeast forest ecosystem, and lower WUE values occurred in the western Gobi Desert, with a value of 0.28 gC m^?2 mm^?1. The GPP and ET products showed an increasing trend, while WUE showed a decreasing trend (55.15%) from 2001 to 2020. (3) The spatial relationship between WUE and driving factors reveal the variations in WUE of Inner Mongolia are mainly affected by soil moisture between 0 and 10 cm (SM0-10cm), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and precipitation, respectively. (4) In arid regions, VPD and precipitation exhibit a major influence on WUE. An increase in VPD and precipitation has a negative and positive effect on WUE, with threshold values of approximately 0.36 kPa and 426 mm, respectively. (5) In humid regions, SM0-10cm, VPD, SM10-40cm, and SM40-100cm exert a significant impact on WUE, especially SM0-10cm, and weakens with increasing soil depths, these differences may be related to physiological structure and living characteristics of vegetation types in different climate regimes. Our results emphasize the importance of VPD and soil moisture in regional variability in WUE.  相似文献   

Economic development and energy efficiency in Jilin Province,China     

ZHANG Huimin  QIU Fangdao  WEI Qiang  TONG Lianjun  YE Xinyue  CHENG Yeqing 《地理学报》2014,24(5):875-888

The relationship between economic development and energy consumption is revealed by employing cointegration theory, the index decomposition method, and a log-linear regression approach based on a case study of Jilin Province, China. The results suggest: 1) the economic development and energy consumption are interdetermined, whose relationship is positive and long-term. The economic development is highly depending on the energy in Jilin Province. 2) Under the condition of other unchanged factors, the change of industrial energy efficiency contributes to the energy saving, while that of industrial structure increases the energy consumption. 3) The industrial structure change enhances the energy intensity, but the energy utility efficiency change lowers it. From the view of contribution to the energy consumption, the contribution of industrial structure was more than that of the energy utility efficiency in 2000-2011. 4) In 2000-2011, the comprehensive energy intensity change and hydroelectricity energy intensity change were related to all industrial structures' change, and the influencing factors about structure of oil energy intensity change were more than those of coal energy intensity change; from the impact degree, agricultural proportion decreased exerted an positive and greater effect on lowering the energy intensity of comprehensive energy and hydroelectricity, and industrial one did on coal and natural gas. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows: the major way to promote the coordinated development of the industrial economy and energy consumption is to optimize the industrial structure by increasing the proportion of the tertiary industry and low energy consumption industrial sectors and to enhance the energy utility efficiency.  相似文献   

孑遗植物四合木(Tetraena mongolica)异地保护条件下的气候生物学特征与光合效率     

智颖飙  杨持  李红丽  张荷亮  华宇鹏  赵凯  路战远  红鸽  旺扎拉  王强 《中国沙漠》2014,34(1):88-97

为了廓清异地保护条件下孑遗濒危植物四合木(Tetraena mongolica)的气候生物学特征、光合生理生态适应性及生境适宜性,应用1971—2011年的地面气象资料进行了不同试验区的气候生物图解与分析,测定了四合木及其伴生种白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)的叶片气体交换参数及光合效率。结果表明:①四合木自然分布区(内蒙古乌海地区)与异地保护区的气候生物学特征存在明显分异;②当年种植的四合木实生苗的生长量大小依次为:乌海四合木核心区实生苗鄂尔多斯实生苗阿拉善实生苗;③自然条件下,5个处理的净光合速率(Pn)依次为阿拉善移植的四合木成株(24.05±1.68μmol·m-2·s-1)乌海客土栽培的四合木(19.97±1.05μmol·m-2·s-1)乌海栽培的四合木实生苗(18.96±1.04μmol·m-2·s-1)鄂尔多斯栽培的四合木实生苗(16.64±0.92μmol·m-2·s-1)阿拉善栽培的四合木实生苗(16.48±0.13μmol·m-2·s-1);异地保护试验区栽培的四合木实生苗的Pn没有明显差异(p≥0.05),即原生境条件下栽培的四合木实生苗的Pn较高。同时,异地保护栽培四合木实生苗中,鄂尔多斯栽培的四合木实生苗的Pn阿拉善栽培的四合木实生苗。从四合木光合作用特征中的Pn、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度、气候生物学特征和生长量等综合研究结果可以推断,从原生境区东移的实生苗迁地保护,使四合木具有更高的生理生态适宜性和环境适应性。  相似文献   

2001-2010年中国区域旅游效率评估     

鲁小波  郭迪 《地域研究与开发》2014,(5)

选择旅游酒店数、旅行社数、旅游酒店从业人员数和旅行社从业人员数为旅游投入因素,旅游总收入为产出变量,运用数据包络分析方法中的 C2 R 模型分析2001-2010年中国区域旅游效率及其空间格局和变化趋势。中国四大区域的平均旅游效率由高至低依次为东部地区、东北地区、中部地区和西部地区。在31个中国大陆省级行政区中,天津在2001-2010年期间每年都为旅游效率最高的省份。从时间的角度,中国区域旅游效率经历了一个波浪式变化过程,2003年和2008年是2个明显的波谷。2001-2005年四大区域旅游效率的变化过程基本一致。2005-2010年四大区域旅游效率变化各不相同,东部地区呈逐步下降趋势,中部地区先增长、2010年开始下降,西部地区为起伏不定,东北地区为持续增长。  相似文献   

中国科技资源配置效率测度及其时空格局演变特征(英文)     

范斐  杜德斌  王馨竹 《地理学报(英文版)》2014,24(3):492-508

According to the connotation and structure of science and technology resources and some relevant data of more than 286 cities at prefecture level and above during 2001–2010, using modified method—Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA), science and technology(ST) resource allocation efficiency of different cities in different periods has been figured out, which, uncovers the distributional difference and change law of ST resource allocation efficiency from the time-space dimension. Based on that, this paper has analyzed and discussed the spatial distribution pattern and evolution trend of ST resource allocation efficiency in different cities by virtue of the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis(ESDA). It turned out that:(1) the average of ST resource allocation efficiency in cities at prefecture level and above has always stayed at low levels, moreover, with repeated fluctuations between high and low, which shows a decreasing trend year by year. Besides, the gap between the East and the West is widening.(2) The asymmetrical distribution of ST resource allocation efficiency presents a spatial pattern of successively decreasing from Eastern China, Central China to Western China. The cities whose ST resource allocation efficiency are at higher level and high level take on a cluster distribution, which fits well with the 23 forming urban agglomerations in China.(3) The coupling degree between ST resource allocation efficiency and economic environment assumes a certain positive correlation, but not completely the same. The differentiation of ST resource allocation efficiency is common in regional development, whose existence and evolution are directly or indirectly influenced by and regarded as the reflection of many elements, such as geographical location, the natural endowment and environment of ST resources and so on.(4) In the perspective of the evolution of spatial structure, ST resource allocation efficiency of the cities at prefecture level and above shows a notable spatial autocorrelation, which in every period presents a positive correlation. The spatial distribution of ST resource allocation efficiency in neighboring cities seems to be similar in group, which tends to escalate stepwise. Meanwhile, the whole differentiation of geographical space has a diminishing tendency.(5) Viewed from LISA agglomeration map ofST resource allocation efficiency in different periods, four agglomeration types have changed differently in spatial location and the range of spatial agglomeration. And the continuity of ST resource allocation efficiency in geographical space is gradually increasing.  相似文献   

泛长三角城市土地利用效益测度及时空格局演化   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张荣天  焦华富 《地理与地理信息科学》2014,30(6)

以泛长三角地区为研究区域,从经济、社会、生态3维度构建城市土地利用效益指标体系,运用改进熵值法测度1995-2013年城市土地利用效益值;并通过ESDA分析技术、耦合度及多元回归模型等方法对泛长三角城市土地利用效益时空格局演化及机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明:1)1995-2013年泛长三角城市土地利用效益整体上呈提升趋势,且效益"南高北低、东高西低"差异显著;2)相邻城市单元表现出较弱的空间集聚特征,效益热点区主要分布在苏锡沪和宁杭地区,向皖江、绍甬地区演化,而效益冷点区主要集中在皖北地区;城市土地利用效益系统的耦合度不高,处于拮抗阶段向磨合阶段演化,仅个别城市效益系统耦合较好,呈"点"状形态分布;3)泛长三角城市土地利用效益时空格局演化主要受城市化水平、经济发展程度及土地市场化3个主要驱动力综合作用及影响。  相似文献   

Growth and physiological responses of larch trees to climate changes deduced from tree-ring widths and δ13C at two forest sites in eastern Siberia     

《Polar Science》2014,8(2):183-195

Tree-ring chronologies of ring width and stable carbon isotope ratios (δ¹³C) over the past 160 years were developed using living larch trees at two forest sites, each with different annual precipitation, in eastern Siberia: Spasskaya Pad (SP) (62°14′N, 129°37′E); and Elgeeii (EG) (60°0′N, 133°49′E). Intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) was derived from tree-ring δ¹³C. The physiological responses of the larch trees to climate varied between these sites and over time. Ring widths correlated negatively with summer temperatures at SP, where summer precipitation is lower than at EG, probably due to temperature-induced water stress. Since the 1990s, however, the negative effect of warming has been more severe at EG, where the productivity of larch trees is higher than at SP. A greater reduction of larch tree growth and higher increase rate of iWUE at EG reflects greater temperature-induced water stress, which is incident to the larger forest biomass. Our results suggest that effect of increase in atmospheric CO₂ on larch tree growth is not sufficient to compensate for temperature-induced water stress on larch growth in eastern Siberia and differences in precipitation and forest productivity largely affect the larch tree response to changing climate in eastern Siberia.  相似文献   

北方一次暖区大暴雨强降水成因探讨   总被引：19，自引：11，他引：8  

徐珺  杨舒楠  孙军  张芳华  谌芸 《气象》2014,40(12):1455-1463

2012年7月7日黄淮出现一次典型暖区大暴雨过程,降水持续时间长、强度大和强降水范围集中,中尺度特征明显。本文通过常规和非常规观测、NCEP分析资料对该次黄淮暖切变线引发的豫东北、鲁南和苏北等地大暴雨天气过程的成因进行探讨,结果表明:整层高湿环境有利于降低暖区暴雨对抬升条件的要求、提高降水效率和局地不断产生中尺度对流系统;低层垂直风切变和超低空急流在对流触发和维持中可能有重要作用;次天气及以下尺度的抬升条件,如地面辐合线、925和850 hPa切变和低空急流出口区的风速辐合等均可导致强降水,降水落区一般位于低层多层风速辐合的叠置区;暖区暴雨的雷达回波具有明显的后向传播、列车效应和热带降水型特点。  相似文献   

全球超大城市空间扩张及分形特征研究     

侯亚丽  匡文慧  窦银银 《地理学报》2022,77(11):2687-2702

超大城市是全球经济、文化以及高科技产业发展的承载体和重要纽带,其形态结构特征和人口聚集效应是城市化影响的典型表现,然而当前对于全球超大城市形态特征及扩张模式的研究相对不足。基于2000—2020年全球城市土地利用/覆盖变化数据（GULUC-30）,利用城市扩张强度差异指数分析了超大城市用地的时空变化规律;而后运用面积—半径标度分析模型研究了超大城市的分形特征及扩张模式,最后基于城市用地面积和城市人口之间的线性关系评价城市用地效率。结果发现：① 2000—2020年东南亚和东亚的中国超大城市用地扩张最剧烈,城市用地面积分别扩张了3148.32 km²和5996.26 km²,城市扩张强度差异指数平均值大于3;② 2000—2020年超大城市的形态特征和扩张模式向着更加集约和紧凑的方向发展,径向维数平均值由1.54增加至1.56,分维差呈逐年减少趋势,城市内部结构一体化特征显著;③ 北美和欧洲的超大城市用地效率低,2020年城市用地面积与城市人口比值系数范围为0.89~4.11;南亚和非洲城市用地效率高,比值范围为0.23~0.87。超大城市空间扩张格局和形态变化的认识对于城市用地的集约利用和可持续发展具有重要参考价值。严格控制超大城市扩张规模,促进城市用地的均衡发展是建设韧性城市和实现城市地区可持续发展的必要条件。  相似文献