Globalization,economic crisis and Africa's informal economy women workers     

Ibipo Johnston‐Anumonwo  Donna L. Doane 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2011,32(1):8-21

The processes of globalization and debt crisis led to dramatic changes in African countries. In the context of a new economic crisis – now on a global scale – it is useful to revisit debates regarding the impact of earlier policies in response to economic crisis on the poor, with a focus on very low‐income informal women workers. In this paper, we adopt a gender analysis framework to examine contending perspectives about the differential impacts of globalization, liberalization and structural adjustment programs on African women and men. We comment on two predominant schools of thought that appear to underlie and define the majority of case studies situated in African countries. While one asserts that globalization and liberalization offer entrepreneurial opportunities for women, an opposing view contends that the neoliberal political and economic reforms connected with structural adjustment policies have been devastating for poor women workers. A review of available empirical research on the responses of informal economy women workers to challenges of increased workload, reduced income and curtailed access to social services, cautions against dogmatic adherence to conceptual perspectives that either assume workers in the informal economy to be dynamic entrepreneurs when they cannot be, or condemn only contemporary policies for conditions that are the product of complex historical processes.  相似文献   

日本性别空间生产模式演化及动力机制研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

袁媛  侯越 《世界地理研究》2022,31(3):503-513

借助列斐伏尔空间生产理论,从社会性别视角探讨日本性别空间生产模式的演化过程,分析性别关系与空间生产之间的互构机制,得出以下结论：（1）日本性别空间生产模式演化分为四个阶段：基于自然分工的母权式性别空间生产、封建父权式“压倒性”性别空间生产、近代由“包容”转向“压制”的父权式性别空间生产、战后“男性限制”与“女性反抗”并存的性别空间生产。（2）性别空间生产呈现出“自然分工”“自上而下”“自下而上”三条路径交替或相结合的演化规律。（3）动力机制：以规训、沉默和反抗为主要方式的性别权力博弈是空间生产的主要动力;异质文化与男女主体利益的融合和对立改写了空间生产的性别秩序话语;战后美国作为外来权力主体打破了原有空间权力的内在平衡,强制性地干预了传统父权性别空间生产模式;物质资料生产方式转换作为根本动力,促进了男女主体的空间流动,不断地推动空间表征和表征空间的结构性调整。  相似文献   

交际教学互动作用的分析、研究与探讨     

申洪军 《成都信息工程学院学报》2003,18(2):220-222

阐述了英语交际教学中，教学双方的锐意进取不仅能保证外语教学的顺利进行，而且还能有效促进大学英语教学，提高教学质量。详细研究了互动作用及非语言因素对教学的影响。  相似文献   

Gender-specific out-migration, deforestation and urbanization in the Ecuadorian Amazon   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Alisson F. Barbieri  David L. Carr 《Global and Planetary Change》2005,47(2-4):99

The Ecuadorian Amazon, one of the richest reserves of biodiversity in the world, has faced one of the highest rates of deforestation of any Amazonian nation. Most of this forest elimination has been caused by agricultural colonization that followed the discovery of oil fields in 1967. Since the 1990s, an increasing process of urbanization has also engendered new patterns of population mobility within the Amazon, along with traditional ways by which rural settlers make their living. However, while very significant in its effects on deforestation, urbanization and regional development, population mobility within the Amazon has hardly been studied at all, as well as the distinct migration patterns between men and women. This paper uses a longitudinal dataset of 250 farm households in the Northern Ecuadorian Amazon to understand differentials between men and women migrants to urban and rural destinations and between men and women non-migrants. First, we use hazard analysis based on the Kaplan–Meier (KM) estimator to obtain the cumulative probability that an individual living in the study area in 1990 or at time t, will out-migrated at some time, t+n, before 1999. Results indicate that out-migration to other rural areas in the Amazon, especially pristine areas is considerably greater than out-migration to the growing, but still incipient, Amazonian urban areas. Furthermore, men are more likely to out-migrate to rural areas than women, while the reverse occurs for urban areas. Difference-of-means tests were employed to examine potential factors accounting for differentials between male and female out-migration to urban and rural areas. Among the key results, relative to men younger women are more likely to out-migrate to urban areas; more difficult access from farms to towns and roads constrains women's migration; and access to new lands in the Amazon–an important cause of further deforestation–is more associated with male out-migration. Economic factors such as engagement in on-farm work, increasing resource scarcity–measured by higher population density at the farm and reduction in farm land on forest and crops–and increase in pasture land are more associated with male out-migration to rural areas. On the other hand, increasing resource scarcity, higher population density and weaker migration networks are more associated with female out-migration to urban areas. Thus, a “vicious cycle” is created: Pressure over land leads to deforestation in most or all farm forest areas and reduces the possibilities for further agricultural extensification (deforestation); out-migration, especially male out-migration, occurs to other rural or forest areas in the Amazon (with women being more likely to choose urban destinations); and, giving continuing population growth and pressures in the new settled areas, new pressures promote further out-migration to rural destinations and unabated deforestation.  相似文献   

流动人口城市间流动的时空结构特征及其性别差异:基于福建省的实证研究   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

林李月  朱宇 《地理科学》2015,(6)

基于福建省流动人口问卷调查数据,使用多种流动指标分析和生存分析方法,探讨不同性别流动人口城市间流动的时空特征和规律。研究发现:流动人口的城市间流动是一种常见的现象,在空间特征上,遵循随着流动次数的增加在距离上由近及远、在城市等级上由小到大的规律,且流动距离相对于初次流动趋于缩小,流动的就近性特征显著;在时间特征上,大多数城市间流动发生在流动生涯的前期,随着流动时间的延长,流动状态趋于稳定;在性别差异上,女性城市间流动的强度大于男性,地域选择具有明显的大城市导向,而男性的流动空间活动范围大,地域选择则是大城市和小城市同时兼顾并重。  相似文献   

THE POSSIBILITY OF LOCAL AUTONOMY     

《Urban geography》2013,34(3):257-279

Prevailing theories of local autonomy have largely precluded the possibility for effective local autonomy. Recent alternatives, however, have focused on the law and legal discourse as significant means of sustaining local power. This paper builds on the latter theoretical strain by considering the relation between power and place both within and outside the law. In this paper “autonomy” is reconceptualized with a relational rather than the traditional corporeal theory of power, emphasizing the way in which social objects are reified with power through sets of truth claims. “Local” is reconsidered as one such reification, endowed with a plethora of not merely political, but also cultural and social significations. The result is a more subtle understanding of the way in which power is exercised locally against state domination. This theory is constructed through evidence from a Massachusetts housing policy's drafting and implementation.  相似文献   

A Review of “Motoring: The Highway Experience in America”     

Selima Sultana 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(2):290-292

Pauline von Bornsdorff and Arto Haapala, eds. Aesthetics in the Human Environment

James D. Proctor and David M. Smith, eds. Geography and Ethics: Journeys in a Moral Terrain

G. Malcolm Lewis, ed. Cartographic Encounters: Perspectives on Native American Mapmaking and Map Use

Richard Symanski, Blackhearts: Ecology in Outback Australia

Donald W. Meinig, The Shaping of America: A Geographical Perspective on 500 Years of History

Peter J. Taylor, Modernities: A Geohistorical Interpretation

Keith Harries, Mapping Crime: Principle and Practice

Leland T. Saito, Race and Politics: Asian Americans, Latinos, and Whites in a Los Angeles Suburb

Frank McDonald, The Construction of Dublin

Lisa M. Benton, The Presidio: From Army Post to National Park

Bob R. O'Brien, Our National Parks and the Search for Sustainability

Eric Damian Kelly and Barbara Becker Community Planning: An Introduction to the Comprehensive Plan

Avinoam Meir As Nomadism Ends: The Israeli Bedouin of the Negev

David Pinder, ed. The New Europe: Economy, Society, and Environment

R. P. Misra and Kamlesh Misra Million Cities of India: Growth Dynamics, Internal Structure, Quality of Life, and Planning Perspectives. Vol 1  相似文献   

Gender and Water in Mongolia     

Roberta Hawkins  Joni Seager 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(1):16-31

Global institutions, academics, and practitioners have long acknowledged the need to consider gender in creating sustainable water management plans. However, for most countries a dearth of context-specific information on gender and water relations hinders gender-sensitive plan development. Mongolia is particularly poorly represented in the gender and water literature. This article presents fieldwork revealing distinctive gendered practices around water use, decision making, and management including an unusually high degree of men's participation in water collection. This research adds new context-specific data to the understanding of actual gender and water relations and underscores the need for further investigation into the Mongolian context.  相似文献   

Structural Determinants of Occupational Shifts for Males and Females in the U.S. Labor Market     

《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):268-279

This paper examines the effects of structural transformation on occupational shifts for socio-demographic groups. Although services add more jobs than manufacturing, shifts in manufacturing industries continue to be a source of growth in high-order white and blue collar work for males. However, for females, these industries are significant only in determining pink collar and low-order blue collar work. Similar trends are noted for advanced producer services such as finance, insurance, and real estate. Other nonmanufacturing sectors with relatively stable product markets and strong internal labor market conditions, such as construction and transportation, continue to be significant in creating a range of jobs for males. Although males are faced with reduced opportunities following the loss of manufacturing jobs, male-female differentials prevail in the labor market; males continue to fill high-order jobs in services, and females cluster in low-order occupations and in sectors with volatile product markets.  相似文献   

煎茶岭金镍矿田构造特征及控岩控矿作用探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

聂江涛 《地质与勘探》2012,48(1):119-131

[摘 要]煎茶岭含钴硫化镍矿床已进入开采阶段,金矿正进行外围找矿。因而,查明该金镍矿田构造特征并探讨控岩控矿作用尤为重要。笔者通过解析矿田构造、研究矿床特征及其构造地球化学等以后认为:煎茶岭矿田构造-热事件活动频繁,多期褶皱控制着地层展布,共轭区域韧性剪切带控制着岩体就位;构造地球化学特征表明韧性变形有利于元素的活化,韧脆性变形使元素迁移和富集;区域韧性剪切带和控矿韧脆性剪切带内有大量物质的带入带出,韧脆性控矿剪切带中糜棱岩化蛇纹岩型镍矿石中K₂O、Cr 等元素含量相比区域韧性剪切带内蛇纹质糜棱岩明显减少,而Fe₂O₃ 、FeO、P₂O₅ 、LOI、MnO、SiO₂ 、CaO、Ni 和Co 为带入组分;韧脆性控矿剪切带对金镍矿体的形态、产状和矿石的结构构造有明显的控制作用。因此,煎茶岭金镍矿田岩(矿)石受多期褶皱、区域共轭韧性剪切带和控矿韧脆性剪切带共同控制,金镍矿体表现为韧性剪切带、超基性岩体和花岗斑岩体等酸性岩体(脉) 共同作用的“三位一体冶成矿模式。金矿在共轭韧性剪切带相互交叉部位,绕超基性岩呈“金项链冶分布。镍矿位于以花岗斑岩为核的“σ”型“旋转碎斑系”拖尾内韧脆性剪切带之中。脆性断裂生成较晚,并对地层、岩体和矿体有一定破坏作用。  相似文献