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21.
Paul Claval 《GeoJournal》1998,45(1-2):69-75
22.
Sarah Wright 《The Australian geographer》2008,39(4):409-426
Intellectual property is increasingly a key item on the US–Japanese–European trade agenda, and the globalisation of the US patent standard, which includes patents on plants and processes, has become a key objective of ‘information-rich’ corporations and countries. While social movements act against the legal structures and spaces of knowledge associated with privatised knowledge, they also work to construct alternatives both through the development of practical alternatives such as seed-saving networks and the articulation of new discourses such as Farmers’ Rights. In doing so, farmers’ organisations are actively creating and maintaining spaces of alternative knowledges and formulations of property. The articulation of Farmers’ Rights by social movements as a response to intellectual property is a way both of resisting regimes of intellectual property and of creating a normative framework within which claims to intellectual property are made obsolete. Drawing from empirical work based in the Philippines, I propose a concept, woven space, which refers to the diverse and overlapping alternatives and resistances that emerge from the situated and embodied struggles taking place around the world to form a differently imagined and realised global. This is a decentralised, networked space, rich with experience, shared belief, and possibilities for shared action. 相似文献
23.
Matthew Sparke 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2003,24(3):373-389
In this paper, I examine the ways in which widely reproduced discourses and theories about globalisation elide American dominance. Drawing on arguments about enframing made by Timothy Mitchell in his postcolonial analysis of Egypt's colonisation, I suggest that one significant cause of this elision relates to a commonplace imagined geography of globalisation that enframes economic interdependency as constitutive of a smooth, decentred and somehow levelled global space of flows. I argue that this imagined geography is structured into dominant political-economic forms of practice and governance, and that in this way it both enables and elides American dominance. Notwithstanding this force in the world, and notwithstanding the tendency of many commentators on globalisation to ignore American dominance, recent events have made such elisions more difficult. I therefore suggest that we need to do more to theorise how American dominance is interwoven with economic globalisation. 相似文献
24.
Johannes Tsheola 《GeoJournal》2002,57(1-2):15-28
State conduct of commerce with the rest of the world has always been important, rather than determinant, to domestic capacity
to generate and distribute output and income. Theoretically, engagements of world commerce have included protectionism, inward-looking
strategies, integration for interdependence, insertion for dependence, openness to imports and free trade regimes. For erstwhile
colonies in Africa, the trajectory of engagement has seemed to be predetermined due to colonial-formation of their economies.
As the model of evolution of Africa's external relations demonstrates, states in that continent have been inserted into the
global system for dependent extraversion and adjustments. Attempts at trade and market liberalisation there have perpetuated
openness to imports. Given that state of affairs, states in that continent have been eroded of capacity of domesticating globalisation
for local socio-economic transformation. From a political-economy perspective, the paper views South Africa's Growth, Employment
and Redistribution (GEAR) strategy as an instrument of appropriation that is set to perpetuate that country's dependent extraversion
and openness to imports. The paper uses the balance of payments to demonstrate that country's poor state of commerce with
the rest of the world. It argues that as external trade and capital flows and investments, which are shaped through domestic
economic policy, affect in return domestic capacity of transforming the structures of deprivation, GEAR has inaugurated a
zero-sum game of globalisation, rather than `a better life for all'. We analyse several indicators of economic performance
and social wellbeing to demonstrate the paradoxical operations and Janus-faced tendencies of globalisation and the attendant
lack of transformation of structures of deprivation in South Africa.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
25.
Markus Hassler 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2004,25(1):64-76
Policy frameworks at national and international levels have significant influence on the growth performance and industrialisation of developing economies. This paper aims to explore the influence of such regulatory policy frameworks on the development of the Indonesian clothing industry since the mid‐1980s based on an analysis of national clothing trade statistics provided by the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics. Although the Indonesian policy framework had a general export‐orientation, protectionist measures for the domestic market proved to be important in facilitating the growth of the Indonesian clothing industry. This paper also shows how the existing international clothing trade regulatory framework of the Multi‐Fibre Arrangement (MFA) influenced the integration of Indonesian clothing firms into global production and trade networks. Finally, the future policy changes and potential impacts for Indonesian clothing firms are discussed. 相似文献
26.
Guiseppe Dematteis 《GeoJournal》1997,43(4):331-338
A recent study on the European integration of the Italian urban system shows that globalisation processes do not necessarily separate cities from their regional networks. The most successful cases of recent urban development in Italy are associated with the formation of metropolitan networked regions in which a major metropolitan centre is linked with cities of a lower level by hierarchical, complementary and synergetic relations. The paper examines the result of an analysis carried out on 148 major Italian daily urban systems. It takes into account two sets of indicators: one referring to the supraregional network interactions, measuring the degree of globalisation, and one referring to the proximity interactions inside the regional networks, measuring the degree of regional cohesion. They allow the definition of typologies of urban systems founded on a (normally positive) correlation between supraregional functional openness and regional integration. 相似文献
27.
In the era of the Internet and globalisation, more and more international academics focus their attention on how city governments compete for talent, capital, and technology through website marketing to promote their economy and global status. However, 1) present research generally overlooks the importance of different types of elements in different marketing themes, 2) the combinations of marketing themes are still unknown, and 3) the presumption that the emphasised elements and specific combination of marketing themes on official websites differentiates cities requires more cases to be understood. In light of this background, this study collects homepage elements of 49 Alpha world cities' official websites and quantitatively analyses the frequency of different types of elements, the marketing content themes, and the dissimilarity of content of Chinese Alpha world cities. The results indicate that comprehensiveness and locality appear in the process of city marketing throughout official city websites. Overall, we make the following conclusions. 1) The importance of different kinds of elements significantly differs between 49 Alpha world cities. 2) Based on various combinations of elements, the marketing contents of Alpha world cities through official websites can be categorised into six themes of history and culture, government and information, construction and environment, government and living, construction and living, and general compound. 3) The marketing elements of five Chinese Alpha world cities, including Hong Kong, Beijing, Shanghai, Taipei and Guangzhou, are different than the other 44 Alpha world cities, and Chinese cities prefer to advertise their history and culture but rarely market citizens' activities. Moreover, Chinese cities' marketing mostly targets natives while the other 44 Alpha cities target external groups, and the locality of world cities' website marketing is reinforced especially on a native language edition website. This study ultimately finds that the Chinese edition websites of five Chinese cities place more focus on introducing local historical buildings, administrative services, and internal business information than the English edition websites do. 相似文献
28.
Tai-Chee Wong 《GeoJournal》1999,49(3):279-288
This study examines the modernising role played by infrastructure and the transition of emphasis from physical infrastructure
to knowledge-based infostructure as a source of economic growth in Singapore, noting the factors behind the change in strategy.
Occupying a strategic sea route location and serving a resource-rich hinterland, Singapore inherited from the old British
empire a well-established infrastructure when it achieved self-government in 1959. Since 1965, Singapore's development has
been led by a pro-business developmentalist government, and strongly linked to technological advances in the West on which
it also relies heavily for its exports and multinational corporation investments. From the 1980s, the government has launched
a series of pro-IT plans to prepare the city-state's transition to an `intelligent island', and a regional hub for high-technology,
and international financial transactions, a full-swing state-initiated strategy to leap from a semi-peripheral economy to
be part of the developed core, and enhance its status to that of a world city. Despite barriers, some positive results have
been observed. In terms of IT's spatial effect, it is largely overshadowed by the predeterministic long-term plans of the
state's powerful planning authority.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
29.
Across the pond: container shipping on the North Atlantic in the era of globalisation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Brian Slack 《GeoJournal》1999,48(1):9-14
This paper describes the development of containerisation in one of the most important theatres of maritime trade, the North
Atlantic. As the original hearth of containerisation, it has been an area of experimentation and evolution for a technology
that has burst around the world. Although over the last decade the Atlantic has been superceded by the Pacific Ocean as the
major market focus for containers, it still is an important market arena. The emergence of global shipping networks is tending
to favour the Atlantic once again. The paper provides an analysis of these recent developments.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
30.
Maria Borovnik 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2005,26(2):132-150
This paper aims to examine how seafarers from the Pacific Republic of Kiribati cope with the experience of working with crews of different nationalities, and, further, how the exposure to different cultures during their journeys through international waters influences both their own identity as well as their perceptions of I‐Kiribati culture. Based on examples from open and semi‐structured interviews with seafarers working on German merchant ships and Japanese fishing vessels, the paper questions the application of concepts of “hybridity” in the case of these I‐Kiribati men in favour of the idea of “cultural flexibility”. It further considers to what degree seafarers strongly rooted in the clearly confined cultural values of Kiribati have adapted the values received through their training and employment by German or Japanese and Korean companies and officers. The paper adds to the framework of transnationalism by advancing the notion of emporion, in which the circular and transversal journeys of seafarers are viewed as a connecting space between land‐based areas; a space which provides a basis for an extended knowledge and understanding of different cultural outlooks as well as relations between nations. 相似文献