中国地级及以上城市GDP含金量时空分异格局   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

潘竟虎 《地理科学》2015,35(12):1502-1510

利用ESDA-GIS、空间变异函数、重心迁移与趋势面分析等方法,对2001年和2011年全国343个地级及以上城市GDP含金量的空间分异格局、总体趋势、空间异质性和相关性进行研究。结果表明：中国地级单元GDP含金量空间分异显著,呈现出西部>东部>中部、北方>南方>中部的趋势,具有全局正相关关系。10 a间,GDP含金量的重心向东南方向迁移;黄河以北和长江以南区域的含金量显著减小,而东部沿海和西部沿边地带的含金量显著扩大;GDP含金量的冷点区大幅扩张而热点区大幅收缩。产业结构、居民收入来源、城镇化水平、人力资本存量和初次分配结构是影响GDP含金量的主要因素。  相似文献   

基于绿洲土地利用的区域GDP公里格网化研究   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

黄莹  包安明  陈曦  刘海隆  杨光华 《冰川冻土》2009,31(1):158-165

为解决以行政单元为单位的经济数据空间表示与实际空间分布不符的问题,根据分县控制、分产业建模的思路,综合考虑经济发展的一般规律,建立基于土地利用的1 km栅格GDP空间化模型对统计型经济数据进行空间分布仿真模拟.对第一产业产值采用面积权重的方法进行拟合,对第二产业建立基于道路的反距离加权模型,第三产业产值则基于城镇规模,建立距离衰减加幂指数模型.通过对新疆2000年GDP数据的空间化模拟试验,结果表明:新疆GDP的模拟值与真实值间的相对误差为-1.13%,其中第二、三产业产值的模拟效果较好,相对误差分别为0.45%和0.11%.研究区GDP高值区主要分布在天山北坡和南坡的经济、石化产业带上,这与实际情况相符,较真实地反映了区域经济的空间分布特征,可以满足对社会经济数据的空间化需求,对准确把握区域经济动态具有一定的实用价值.  相似文献   

初探绿色GDP核算方法及实证分析 --以山西省大同市为例   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

王丽霞  任志远 《地理科学进展》2005,24(2):100-105

传统GDP未将资源、环境要素纳入国民经济核算体系,不能准确地表现经济发展与资源、环境之间的相互关系。因此用传统GDP衡量一个国家经济发展程度,存在明显不足。绿色GDP是指国家或地区在扣除自然资源及环境污染损耗后新创造的真实国民财富的总量,它能较准确地反映一个国家或地区国民收入水平的状况。文章依据狭义绿色GDP涵义,以山西省大同市为例,结合当地生态资源环境现状,构建资源环境账户虚数指标体系,探讨了绿色GDP的核算方法,并估算了该市2002年的绿色GDP。结果表明：2002年大同市的自然资源损耗为63.86亿元,占GDP的29.29%;环境污染损耗22.18亿元,占GDP的10.18%;绿色GDP为131.33亿元,仅占当年GDP的60.24%,说明该地区经济发展中资源与环境问题十分突出,亟待解决。建议科学、适度、合理地开发利用各类资源,树立市场经济的资源价值观;严格控制污染物排放,加强环境保护治理。  相似文献   

中国环境经济地理的研究主题展望     

贺灿飞  毛熙彦 《地理科学》2021,41(9):1497-1504

全球环境变化与技术经济范式变革对“经济-环境”关系产生深刻影响,但资源环境议题自20世纪80年代以来逐渐淡出全球经济地理研究的视野。2000年以来,环境经济地理逐渐兴起并对此进行反思,但其发展仍处于混沌状态。中国经济地理学科自身的人地关系传统和国家发展的探索与实践,为环境经济地理理论与实践创造了理想条件。环境经济地理并非全新的领域,其可从经济地理理论出发拓展对“经济-环境”关系的认识,据此提出3组研究主题：① 重新认识经济活动的区位,理解变化中的资源环境如何作用于传统与新兴经济活动;② 建立对不同地理尺度下要素流动和主体互动的认知,理解资源环境风险如何在各类关系网络中传递,又将如何重塑各类关系网络;③ 考察多主体在多区域之间、多层级制度背景下的相互作用,理解绿色创新与转型的过程,实现对“经济-环境”关系在不同发展场景下协同演化的认识。  相似文献   

Impact of protective shark nets on sea turtles in KwaZulu-Natal,South Africa, 1981–2008     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(2):249-257

Shark nets were established along the KwaZulu-Natal coast in 1952 to protect bathers against shark encounters. Sea turtle bycatch data for the period 1981–2008 in these shark nets indicated that loggerheads Caretta caretta were caught most frequently at 40.9 y^–1 or 1.11 km-net^–1 y^–1, followed by green turtles Chelonia mydas at 0.32 km-net^–1 y^–1 and leatherbacks Dermochelys coriacea at 0.14 km-net^–1 y^–1. Catch rate of loggerheads increased throughout the study period, and was positively correlated with the increase in the number of nesting females from the recovering population in Maputaland, South Africa (r = 0.52, p < 0.05, n = 28). This increase is ascribed to successful nest conservation. Leatherback bycatch remained stable, following their nesting trends, although they receive similar conservation efforts on nesting beaches as loggerheads. Bycatch of green turtles, although not a nesting species in South Africa, was stable over time. Mortality varied between species (from 53.2% to 70.6%) with loggerheads being the most hardy, followed by leatherbacks and green turtles. Few hawksbills Eretmochelys imbricata and olive ridleys Lepidochelys olivacea were caught in the shark nets. Fewer sea turtles are caught by shark nets than by longlines and because the nesting populations of loggerheads, green turtles and leatherbacks are either stable or increasing in the South-West Indian Ocean, shark net bycatch was considered negligible and sustainable.  相似文献   

Insights into zooplankton‐cyanobacteria interactions derived from enclosure studies     

Carolyn W. Burns 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):477-482

Few workers have used enclosures specifically to study interactions between zoo‐plankton and cyanobacteria. Differences among studies in enclosure size, nutrient level, plankton abundance and species composition, presence or absence of fish, and length of experiments make generalisations difficult. Zooplankton had no direct effect on the growth of ungrazed cyanobacteria (Anabaena flos‐aquae, Aphanizomenon flos‐aquae, large Microcystis colonies) in short‐term (<5 days) and long‐term (> 1 month) enclosure studies. When large cyanobacteria were abundant, some Daphnia spp. snowed reduced reproduction and development. When large grazers were abundant they suppressed the growth of edible, colonial cyanobacteria (Aphanizomenon elenkinii, small Microcystis colonies). By altering the ambient light and nutrient environment, large zooplankton may suppress cyanobacteria; evidence for the importance of grazers in promoting cyanobacterial dominance by removing competing phytoplankton species is equivocal. Zooplankton may suppress nitrogen fixation by cyanobacteria through ammonia excretion and may promote a change in dominance from diatoms to cyanobacteria through recycling phosphorus but not silicon.  相似文献   

Light‐dependence of photosynthesis and growth in cyanobacteria: Implications for their dominance in eutrophic lakes     

Max M. Tilzer 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):401-412

In eutrophic lakes cyanobacteria are favoured relative to other phytoplankton, both under stratified and mixed conditions. During stratification, gas vacuole formation allows the accumulation of dense surface scums which attain the highest possible area‐specific photosynthetic rates in aquatic environments owing to high irradiances, near‐complete harvesting of impinging light, and minimal light inhibition and photo‐oxidation. During moderate mixing, high yields of biomass can be achieved by effective light harvesting for photosynthesis (aided by phycobilin pigments) and low maintenance energy requirements at low mean irradiances. Howevrr, nitrogen fixation competes for energy and reductant with photosynthesis, and leads to a decline of light‐saturated maximum growth rates. Wind‐driven vertical mixing and lateral advection are the main causes for the instability of cyanobacterial blooms in hyper‐eutrophic lake ecosystems.  相似文献   

Culture observation and molecular phylogenetic analysis on the blooming green alga Chaetomorpha valida (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta) from China     

邓蕴彦  汤晓荣  詹子锋  滕林宏  丁兰平  黄冰心 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2013,31(3):552-559

The marine green alga Chaetomorpha valida fouls aquaculture ponds along the coastal cities of Dalian and Rongcheng, China. Unialgal cultures were observed under a microscope to determine the developmental morphological characters of C. valida. Results reveal that gametophytic filaments often produce lateral branches under laboratory culture conditions, suggesting an atypical heteromorphic life cycle of C. valida between unbranched sporophytes and branched gametophytes, which differs from typical isomorphic alternation of Chaetomorpha species. The shape of the basal attachment cell, an important taxonomic character within the genus, was found variable depending on environmental conditions. The 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA regions were used to explore the phylogenetic affinity of the taxa. Inferred trees from 18S rDNA sequences revealed a close relationship between C. valida and Chaetomorpha moniligera. These results would enrich information in general biology and morphological plasticity of C. valida and provided a basis for future identification of green tide forming algae.  相似文献   

吉林西部盐碱地数字图像植被覆盖度的自动提取     

丁艳玲  赵凯  李晓峰  郑兴明 《地球信息科学学报》2013,(4):618-624

植被覆盖度是生态环境变化的重要指标,也是遥感反演的关键参数。盐碱地植被覆盖度的准确测量对研究地表植被蒸腾、土壤水分蒸发及土壤退化、盐碱化等具有重要意义。过绿指数(Excess Green index,ExG)对绿色植被比较敏感,能突显植被信息,去除土壤、阴影的干扰。通过对吉林西部盐碱地玉米、高粱、绿豆、杂草、土壤数字图像特征分析,利用改进过绿指数(Modified Excess Green index,MExG)算法计算植被和土壤的MExG值;并确定区分植被和土壤的MExG阈值为40,进而计算植被覆盖度。本文采用监督分类的最大似然法对比验证MExG自动提取结果,并对两种方法计算的玉米、高粱、绿豆和杂草的覆盖度,分别进行目视判读和t检验。研究表明,MExG自动提取方法具有客观性强,处理时间短,分类精度高等优点,是计算不同植被类型覆盖度的有效方法。  相似文献   

滨海休闲体育产业的绿色发展研究     

彭进  杨乐 《广东海洋大学学报》2013,(2)

概述了滨海休闲体育产业绿色发展的研究现状,界定了滨海休闲体育产业绿色发展的概念,论述了滨海休闲体育产业绿色发展的必然趋势,分析了绿色发展的制约因素,探讨了滨海休闲体育产业绿色发展的实现路径。  相似文献