中国生态脆弱带人地关系行为机制模型及应用   总被引：22，自引：2，他引：20  

石敏俊  王涛 《地理学报》2005,60(1):165-174

以农牧交错带为研究对象,通过建立人地关系行为机制模型,探讨外部社会经济因素影响土地退化的机制,并重点就当前正在实施的退耕还林还草政策所带来的生态经济效果进行分析。模型拟合结果显示,利用玉米及农作物秸秆作为饲料,扩大舍饲动物饲养,或者扩大种植葵花或油料作物等商品作物以替代自给性作物糜子,将可以在不加剧水土流失的前提下增加农户收入。模型结果还显示,非农就业机会增加时,农户会减少坡地垦殖。这表明推进农村工业化和城镇化发展,增加农民非农就业机会,鼓励农民进城的政策对于黄土高原的水土保持也是有促进作用的。  相似文献   

Spatiotemporal changes and correlation of the new urbanization and urban-rural income gap in Sichuan Province北大核心CSCD     

李靖  廖和平  刘愿理  张杰 《地理科学进展》2023,(4):657-669

新型城镇化作为健全区域协调发展体制机制的重要举措,对破解城乡及地区间发展不平衡问题、促进经济高质量发展有重要意义。论文以四川省为研究对象,运用空间自相关分析方法、空间计量模型、门限面板模型,分析2009—2019年新型城镇化和城乡收入差距的时空演化情况,揭示二者的关联关系,检验分析城乡收入差距的其他影响因素。结果显示：(1) 2009—2019年,四川省新型城镇化水平逐年上升,城乡收入差距逐年缩小,各年度城乡收入差距均具有显著的空间关联性,其低值区域主要集聚在成渝经济走廊上,其高值区域主要集聚在川西及东北部秦巴山区。(2)新型城镇化对城乡收入差距存在非线性影响,呈倒“U”型关系,主要原因是新型城镇化与农业现代化的不协调、不同步,当农业现代化水平跨越门槛值后,新型城镇化才会由扩大转为抑制城乡收入差距。(3)地区经济不平衡程度、科技创新水平和人力资本水平也是城乡收入差距的显著影响因素。研究结果可为积极稳妥推动新型城镇化、有效缩小城乡收入差距提供理论依据。  相似文献   

生计资产差异对农户耕地保护经济补偿模式选择的影响(英文)     

李广东  方创琳  邱道持  王利平 《地理学报(英文版)》2014,(2)

With rapid urbanization and the socio-economic transformation, cultivated land protection has gradually become a major concern in China. The economic compensation plays a crucial role in promoting cultivated land protection and improving the utilization ratio of cultivated land. Farmer household's satisfaction has a great influence on the effectiveness of compensation. Therefore, households' willingness to select the economic compensation pattern for cultivated land protection has been considered and re-examined. By employing Participatory Rural Appraisal method(PRA), 3 villages and 392 households were investigated and sampled in mesa and hilly areas of Chongqing. Then a quantitative analysis framework of household livelihood hexagon has been developed to quantify the livelihood assets of different farmer households. Finally, the Gray Relation Model and Probit Regression Model have been employed to explore the coupling relationship between the household livelihood assets and their compensation pattern options. The results show that there are both qualitative and spatial heterogeneity in household livelihood assets. We found that the inequality of livelihood assets is evident for five household types. There is a spatial trend that the higher the elevation, the less livelihood assets are. In addition, their options of economic compensation pattern vary from Chengdu Pattern to Foshan Pattern due to their difference in livelihood assets and difference in location. In detail, there is a coupling relationship between household livelihood assets and their compensation pattern; negative correlation is observed between natural assets value and household pattern options, while the other livelihood assets have positive impacts on compensation pattern in varying degrees, which from the top are psychological assets, human assets, physical assets, financial assets, and social assets respectively. A conceptual compensation pattern system has been designed to meet the demands for farmer households mainly according to their shortage in livelihood assets. In addition, compensation method, compensation standard, the basis of compensation and the source of compensation funds have been proposed accordingly.  相似文献   

中国城镇居民人均可支配收入与消费支出的关系研究——基于变系数模型的分析     

张林泉 《广东海洋大学学报》2011,31(5):48-51

利用我国城镇居民人均可支配收入与消费支出的面板数据(1991-2009),采用变系数模型、协整理论等时间序列分析方法对其消费行为进行实证检验,并建立了城镇居民的消费模型,分析了边际消费倾向和自发性消费。结果表明:可支配收入与其消费支出之间存在着长期均衡的关系;当期收入是影响居民消费的最直接、最重要的因素,并据此提出相应的一些政策建议。  相似文献   

Farmer Income Differential in Regions     

LU Qian MIAO Shanshan 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2006,16(3):199-202

1 Introduction China’s success in reform and opening up policy for twenty years is regarded as China’s miracles in the world, whereas the income differential widening phenomenon has been the focus of the policymakers and researchers. The typical research of personal income allocation in regions on microeconomic data has been done in China Social Science Research Institution, and by the special income allocation research team’s household investiga- tion, we could get the useful farmer’s i…  相似文献   

农户土地转出行为调查与分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

付凯  杨朝现  信桂新  程飞  邵丽亚 《地域研究与开发》2015,(3)

以成渝城乡统筹区农地转出户为研究对象,根据农地转出率的大小将农户分为完全转出户、高度转出户和基本转出户,运用多元线性回归模型和OLS回归模型对农户农地转出行为的影响因素及收入效应进行分析。研究结果表明:成渝城乡统筹区农地转出户的农地转出率不尽相同,完全转出户、高度转出户和一般转出户并存,农地转出方式和转出对象虽然存在多样性,但农地仍以小规模分散转出为主;稳定的非农收入、政府的积极推动以及合理的农地转出价格促进了农户农地转出率的提高,而土地细碎化和较多的家庭常年务农人口数量在一定程度上阻碍了农户农地转出行为;农户农地转出是一种理性决策行为,农地转出率越高,农户的收入效应就越明显,收入由多至少依次为完全转出户、高度转出户和一般转出户。  相似文献   

中国地区收入与净财富不平等的演变路径识别     

孙三百  张青萍  李冉  张可云 《地理学报》2022,77(6):1411-1429

当前,“共同富裕”问题备受各界关注,中国2035年远景目标纲要明确要求“共同富裕”取得实质性进展,因而测度收入与净财富不平等程度、识别地区“共同富裕”的路径差异与成因具有重要意义。本文根据2011—2019年中国家庭金融调查（CHFS）数据,使用基尼系数、洛伦兹曲线和计量模型分析地区收入不平等和净财富不平等的演变模式、成因与地区“共同富裕”的路径差异。研究发现：① 虽然2011—2019年全国收入不平等程度下降,但净财富不平等维持在高位,而各地区收入和净财富不平等变化存在明显空间差异,其各分位点上的收入或净财富累计占比变化呈现不同态势。② 进一步检验地区不平等与经济发展的关系,发现经济发展水平与收入不平等呈近似倒“U”型关系,与净财富不平等呈近似倒“N”型关系。③ 各地区“共同富裕”的路径存在差异,发达省市区正逐步推进“共同富裕”,而落后省市区这一迹象并未显现。本文为中央与地方政府“共同富裕”政策的制定提供借鉴与参考。  相似文献   

跨地区生计及其变迁视角下流动人口城镇住房分层的特征及其影响因素   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

林李月  朱宇  林坤 《地理研究》2022,41(7):1948-1962

在跨地区生计及其变迁的视角下,将流动人口在流入地和流出地城镇的住房状况有机结合,借助2016年中国流动人口动态监测调查数据和相匹配的城市特征数据,运用描述统计和多层次回归模型,探究流动人口城镇住房分层的特征及其影响因素。结果发现,流动人口的城镇住房已形成了一个从低到高依次由无城镇产权房、有城镇产权房（流出地或流入地城镇产权房）和多区域城镇产权房构成的“三阶四级式”的“金字塔型”结构。模型结果显示,流动人口个体及家庭的社会经济条件和流出地的区位禀赋是其实现城镇住房自有的重要基础和财务支撑,流入城市的经济发展水平、房价和城市规模仅对流入地和多区域城镇产权房有显著影响。因此,本文挑战了流动人口住房条件差的刻板印象,并吸引人们关注流动人口跨地区生计及其变迁对其城镇住房的影响,拓展了当代中国城镇住房分层研究的视角。  相似文献   

天山山区水汽输送气候特征     

杨柳 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2013,7(3):21-25

应用2000～2011年NCEP/NCAR再分析逐日6h 1 1资料,分析了新疆天山山区对流层不同层次空中水汽输送特征,结果表明：(1)天山山区地面～100 hPa每年平均有11504.1×108t水汽输入,11337.0×108t水汽输出,水汽净收支为167.1×108t,其中西、北边界为输入,东、南边界为输出,对流层中层水汽输送量最大,低层次之,高层最小。天山山区水汽总输入量占全新疆水汽输入量的44.1%。(2)各季节中夏季水汽输送量最大,春季、秋季相当,冬季最小,西边界、北边界均为水汽输入边界,东边界、南边界均为水汽输出边界,对流层中层水汽输入量最大。  相似文献   

Distribution of emissions allowances as an opportunity     

STEPHEN J. DECANIO 《Climate Policy》2013,13(2):91-103

Much of the debate on climate policy in the USA focuses on the gain or loss to the macroeconomy of alternative policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, the economy is made up of multiple individuals, not a single representative agent. This article reports the results of alternative ways of distributing emissions allocations across citizens. Macroeconomic effects interact with the policy for distribution, but the distributional weights are more important for the welfare of individual agents than the economy-wide effects of the emissions reductions. Egalitarian distributions of the emissions allowances have the potential to increase the welfare of most people, even if significant emissions reductions are mandated. Focusing on the distribution of emissions allowances (or the revenues generated from an emissions tax) rather than on aggregate GDP may provide guidance in identifying and implementing politically viable solutions to the climate change mitigation problem.  相似文献