大都市郊区农户生计多样化及对土地利用的影响——以北京市大兴区为例   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

李翠珍  徐建春  孔祥斌 《地理研究》2012,31(6):1039-1049

以北京市大兴区为例,采用农户调查数据,设计不同资源群体农户分类评价指标体系,利用非系统聚类方法将农户划分为5类(①中等资源禀赋,中等非农收入;②高等资源禀赋,中等非农收入;③中等资源禀赋,低等非农收入;④纯农户;⑤非农户),进而分析了不同资源群体农户的生计多样化特点及对土地利用的影响。研究表明:(1)在大都市郊区,农户类型1～3、纯农户和非农户分别采取了农业和非农兼顾、留在农业和脱离农业的生计策略。(2)农户类型1～3和纯农户中,70%农户生计多样化指数分布在2～3之间,且依然呈现粮食作物播种面积较大,选择比例最高,其次是经济作物。(3)农户类型1～3和非农户中,以就地转移方式非农就业是农户家庭劳动力安排的主要选择,且非农就业劳动力年龄最轻和教育水平最高。(4)大都市郊区土地非农化的转型特点促使农户从类型1～4被动地向类型5转化,土地利用效益低下也持续推动了农户生计多样化,同时,农户生计多样化会引发粮食生产能力停滞不前、土地流转和产权调整大规模顺势而生、土壤养分富集等土地利用现象。  相似文献   

Evaluation of the Effects of Implementing Degraded Grassland Ecosystem Restoration Technology: A Case Study on Technology for Returning Grazing Land to Grassland     

ZHOU Shengqiang  ZHAO Kai 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2017,8(4):359-368

Restoring degraded grassland ecosystems is of great significance for the sustainable development of grassland ecological service functions and the sustainable and healthy development of regional economies and societies. Returning grazing land to grassland technology (RGLGT) is an important strategic technology for restoring degraded grassland ecosystems and achieving the sustainable development of the society and economy of pastoral areas in China. Researching the comprehensive evaluation system of the effects of RGLGT has an important significance for evaluating and adjusting national ecological policy. Based on collecting sample surveys from 221 farmers in 16 villages of 4 towns of Yanchi County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in 2017, a model for evaluating the effects of implementing RGLGT was developed. The model included the characteristics of the technology, the ecological and social benefits of the technology, and the sustainability and economic benefits of the technology, it was used to complete a comprehensive effects evaluation of implementing RGLGT in Yanchi County that was based on use of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The results showed that the comprehensive effect of implementing RGLGT is good overall and had a score of 0.5946. In terms of specific effects ranked from high to low, these were the ecological and social benefits of the technology, the economic benefits, the sustainability and the characteristics themselves. The implementation of RGLGT has resulted in good ecological and social benefits and economic benefits, but sustainability and characteristics of the technology are weak.  相似文献   

西藏日土县农牧民收入结构现状及发展对策     

何晓蓉  李辉霞  陈新武 《地域研究与开发》2004,23(4):105-108

在西藏农牧民收入实地调查中,发现偏远的日土县人均纯收入却位居全自治区第一。文章详细分析了日土县的调查资料、探讨其主要收入来源与构成,发现畜牧业是该地区收入的主要来源。针对日土县畜牧业现状特点,揭示其存在的问题,提出了类似该地区的高原单一的农村经济发展对策：突出特色、资源互补,而不是违背自然规律,强求经济结构多元化。  相似文献   

Income segregation,income inequality and mortality in North American metropolitan areas     

Nancy A. Ross  Karla Nobrega  James Dunn 《GeoJournal》2001,53(2):117-124

There is a large sociological literature on racial- class-, and economically- based segregation in the United States and there is some evidence that residential segregation by income may have deleterious health consequences for residents of large U.S. cities. The health consequences of segregation in Canadian metropolitan areas, however, remain unknown and the comparison with the U.S. is always compelling. In this paper, we investigate the hypothesis that residential segregation by income may be associated with mortality in Canadian and U.S. metropolitan areas. Given the strong relationship between individual level socioeconomic status and health, it follows that metropolitan areas which isolate individuals economically could produce conditions that severely limit the life chances and therefore the health chances of the most vulnerable. To investigate the association between residential segregation by income and population health, we examined the relationship between working-age mortality and Jargowsky's (1996) neighbourhood sorting index (NSI) for a large group of North American metropolitan areas. We found a relationship between increased segregation and increased mortality for U.S. metropolitan areas but no such relationship for Canadian metropolitan areas. We also determined that income segregation could not be considered in isolation from income inequality – that, in effect, income inequality provides the propensity for meaningful segregation to occur. We further demonstrated the importance of considering both income inequality and income segregation together, especially when the analysis is intended to compare metropolitan areas. We conclude with a discussion of the need for an improved measure of segregation to better reflect the theoretical arguments for the relationship between concentration of poverty and affluence and population health.  相似文献   

地埋式砂滤系统及其环境意义   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

张金炳  陈鸿汉  钟佐北  申俊峰  李志萍 《现代地质》2001,15(3):346-350

地埋式砂滤系统是一种新的生活污水处理技术 ,主要由预处理单元、布水系统和砂滤3部分组成。其原理主要是通过包气带中的生物降解、吸附、沉淀、过滤等机理净化污水。大量资料表明 ,地埋式砂滤系统不仅具有简单、可靠、低能耗、低建设费用、易操作等特点 ,而且其处理效果好、水力负荷高、占地面积小、对地表环境影响小等 ,是处理小流量生活污水的有效途径。加强地埋式砂滤系统的研究和应用 ,对环境保护和污水资源化均有重大的现实意义。  相似文献   

'Lunch is for wimps': what drives parents to work long hours in 'successful' British and US cities?     

Helen Jarvis 《Area》2002,34(4):340-352

This paper reflects on the impact of long working hours on home–work–family reconciliation from a household perspective. It focuses on discrete interactions between long working hours for households with two parents engaged in paid employment, raising awareness of the integrated nature of work–life balance. Attention is paid to the 'strong economy paradox' confronting dual earning households in 'successful' cities. Evidence is presented to suggest limited resistance to long hours as well as diverse ways one partner adapts their mode of employment to fit the constraints of the other.  相似文献   

中国居民消费水平的地域差异   总被引：11，自引：5，他引：11  

向清成 《地理科学》2002,22(3):276-281

建国以来我国居民消费水平的地域分布一直呈非均衡状态，地域差异显著。其中省际差异呈U字型变化，东西差异由小变大，南北差异不断缩小，而城乡差异波动性大。在地域差异构成中，东西差异突出，南北差异影响最小。地区经济发展不平衡是造成我国居民消费水平地域差异的主要原因，其次是经济体制、经济布局以及区域政策的影响。为了缩小地区差距、实现共同富裕，一方面要加快建立社会主义市场经济体制，另一方面要充分发挥政府在引导要素合理流动和调控区域发展方面的作用。  相似文献   

Measuring the Digital Divide in the United States: Race,Income, and Personal Computer Ownership     

Jayajit Chakraborty  M. Martin Bosman 《The Professional geographer》2005,57(3):395-410

This article demonstrates how the Lorenz Curve and the Gini coefficient can be used to measure inequalities in home personal computer (PC) ownership in the United States at the national, regional, and state levels. Our empirical investigation, based on supplemental data from the Current Population Survey of the U.S. Census, indicates that income inequalities are substantially smaller within white households owning a PC than African American households, at all geographic scales. While income inequalities among PC owners (households) have decreased between 1994 and 2001 in all regions and states, the magnitude of this inequality has declined more rapidly among whites compared to African Americans.  相似文献   

苏中苏南县域城镇居民收入时空演变   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

白彩全  宋伟轩  李华庚  邓畅  吴启焰 《测绘科学》2015,40(4):78-82

针对传统的统计学方法无法有效刻画居民收入空间格局演变的不足,该文提出了一种将数理统计与空间统计相结合的方法。采用探索性空间数据分析(ESDA)方法,研究了1989年—2011年苏中苏南地区县域单元城镇居民人均可支配收入的变化,较好地描述了收入差异的时序变化和空间格局演变特征。研究发现:县域单元的城镇居民人均可支配收入的绝对差异逐年增大,相对差异呈阶段性波动增大;同时,城镇居民人均可支配收入呈高度的空间自相关,收入水平相似的单元在空间上集聚,苏南处于高值簇,热点区聚集;苏中处于低值簇,冷点区聚集;此外,城镇居民人均可支配收入增长空间格局不稳定,冷热点区切换频繁,冷热点区呈高度集聚,其他类型区域的分布态势减弱。  相似文献   

Household income diversification and the production of local meat: the prospect of small-scale pig farming in Southern Yunnan, China     

Harvey Neo  Li-Hui Chen 《Area》2009,41(3):300-309

This paper assesses the viability of small scale, specialised livestock farming led by the local government, to alleviate rural household poverty. In so doing, it reflects upon the prospect of niche livestock farming in an age where, ironically, demand for meat is ever-rising. It also highlights the ambiguous role that local government plays in poverty alleviation. The specific case study is on the Jinuo ethnic minority in Xishuangbanna autonomous region, located in Southwestern province of Yunnan, China. It is argued that thus far the Jinuo minority have had modest success in rearing indigenous pigs due to a confluence of factors. Nonetheless, a growing market will likely result in some degree of intensification in the production process that goes beyond the means of the upland farmers but will be eagerly exploited by the local government. If the pig rearing scheme is to remain an effective income diversification strategy in select marginalised mountainous communities, the march towards commodification, expansion and intensification, as well as the unchecked ambition of the local government, have to be carefully moderated.  相似文献