The Dominant Livelihood Types of Farm Households and Their Determinants in Key Ecological Function Areas     

WANG Xin  LIN Dayi  HAO Haiguang 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2023,14(1):114-123

The dominant livelihood types of farm households have become increasingly differentiated in recent years, which has attracted the attention of researchers. Identifying the characteristics and driving factors of household livelihood differentiation is of great significance for revealing man-land relationship and policy making. Based on the interview data of farm households in typical villages in key ecological function areas of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in China, we analyzed the pattern of the dominant diversified livelihood types and the livelihood characteristics among different farm households. Then we assessed the driving forces of livelihood diversification by optimal scaling regression. The results indicated that: (1) In the study area, the dominant livelihood types show two trends of agriculturally dominant livelihood (accounting for 53.07%) and non-agriculturally dominant livelihood (accounting for 46.93%). Moreover, farm households in the agro-pastoral areas are mainly agriculturally dominated (accounting for 75.68%), while farm households in the mountainous areas are mainly non-agriculturally dominated (accounting for 66.93%). (2) The labor allocation and income source of different types of farm households are consistent with their dominant livelihood types. The farm households with agriculturally dominant livelihoods have more natural resources than those with non-agriculturally dominant livelihoods. In terms of housing conditions, farm households with agriculturally dominant livelihoods are inferior to those with non-agriculturally dominant livelihoods. (3) The farm labor, dependency ratio, agricultural income, supplemental income and locational conditions have negative impacts on the non-agricultural trend of farm household livelihood decisions, while off-farm labor, non-farm income, education level and the per capita amount of compensation have significant positive impacts on it.  相似文献   

煤炭资源富集区农户收入差异及其影响因素——以陕西省神木县为例     

焦旭娇  文琦 《地域研究与开发》2014,(6)

以农户为细胞单元,通过对典型乡镇农户收入的差异分析来探讨影响农村经济发展的主要因素。选取陕西省神木县12个乡镇典型村域进行农户调查和定量评价,运用多元回归对农户收入的影响因素进行分析。各乡镇间人均纯收入差距显著,基尼系数均在0.20以上,67%的乡镇基尼系数大于0.30,其中解家堡、乔岔滩、花石崖的基尼系数更是超过了国际警戒线0.40;乡镇内部农户间的收入差距也十分明显。回归结果显示:耕地面积、第一产业支出是低收入家庭农户收入的重要影响因素;户主受教育程度、非农就业等显著影响着中等收入家庭农户收入;而经济潜力、家庭教育负担、区位因素对高收入家庭农户收入影响显著。研究表明,要增加农户家庭的收入,除了发展个体经济、提升兼业比重外,还应重视农户自身素质的提高,大力发展农村的经济合作。  相似文献   

收益法在矿权评估中的应用——以国外某大型锆钛矿为例     

吴岑  段俊伟  吕立娜 《中国煤炭地质》2014,(12):101-104

以国外某大型锆钛矿为例,介绍了收益法运用的评估对象、前提、范围等要素,在此基础上选取了矿山年生产规模、服务年限、税收、折现系数等参数,最终以表格的形式给出了评估结果,该方法所得结果与成本法相比增加了折现系数、税率、投融资风险等因素的考虑,因此更加贴近市场,可信性更高;与市场法相比较,由于不存在与参照物的差异性、时滞性等问题,所以更加真实可靠,具有更好的参考性。总体来说,收益法是市场经济下,最能保障投资人和矿权所有者双方的利益,最真实反应矿业权真实市场价值的评估方法。  相似文献   

基于个体时空邻近指数的户籍维度社会空间分异研究——以上海市郊区10个典型镇为例     

申悦  罗雪瑶 《地理研究》2022,41(4):1152-1169

社会空间分异是城市研究的经典议题。在人类移动性不断增强的背景下,传统的基于居住空间汇总的社会空间分异测度方法表现出一定的局限性,对于居住空间外的日常活动空间隔离的探讨相对缺乏,对于不同活动和不同时段间分异格局差异的考虑有所不足。因此有必要从“基于人”的视角出发,探索社会空间分异测度的新方法,探讨不同时空间维度的社会分异格局。本研究基于上海市郊区10个典型镇的活动日志调查数据,构建“个体时空邻近指数”,聚焦户籍这一反映中国城市特征的重要维度,以不同户籍类型人群之间的分异程度为研究对象,分析其时空间特征,并对结果进行可视化。研究表明：上海市不同户籍人群在活动、时间和空间维度上存在明显的社会空间分异。本研究创新了基于活动空间的社会空间分异测度方法,从活动与时空间结合的视角探讨了户籍维度的社会空间分异,为更好的理解在中国大城市日益凸显的社会空间分异问题提供了新的视角。  相似文献   

广州都市区租房户的空间分异与居住选择倾向     

王洋  岳晓丽  张虹鸥 《地理研究》2022,41(2):480-493

城市居民购房与租房的居住选择倾向及其机制存在差异,但当前对租房方面的研究仍显不足。鉴于此,本文构建城市租房户居住选择过程中“好房子、好位置、低租金”不可兼得的“不可能三角”理论框架及其基本理论模型,这为研究租房户居住选择倾向提供了一个新的视角。以广州都市区1328个社区为案例,得出广州都市区的租房户比例呈现核心区低,中心城区和近郊区较高的空间分异格局,并呈现显著的空间关联特征。构建广州都市区租房户居住选择倾向因素指标体系,该体系由租金水平、住房自身条件和区位条件三大类9个指标构成。通过空间误差模型分析表明,广州都市区租房户倾向于居住在低租金水平和房龄较新的社区,且被动选择租住在住房建筑面积较小、住房内部设施较差、日常生活便利性较差的社区中。该结论可丰富和完善中国特大城市居民租房选择理论,为特大城市租赁住房政策制定提供决策参考。  相似文献   

乡−城、城−城流动人口落户意愿的影响因素及其差异     

仝德  曹志强  曹广忠 《地理科学》2022,42(7):1135-1145

基于2017年全国流动人口动态监测数据定量比较分析了乡?城和城?城流动人口落户意愿的影响因素及差异。研究发现：① 总体而言,城?城流动人口的落户意愿显著高于乡?城,户籍价值、社会融入对两类流动人口的落户意愿有显著影响,但影响程度在两类人群间存在差异。② 流出地的户籍价值显著阻碍了乡?城流动人口的落户意愿;流入地的户籍价值、经济方面的整合融入对城?城流动人口落户意愿的影响更显著。③ 户籍价值、社会融入对流动人口落户意愿的影响存在城市规模及流动距离分异。④ 产生上述差异的根本原因是不同户籍身份所塑造的价值观念和行为模式等的差异。  相似文献   

Mushrooms in the Mountains: Assessing the Role of Fungi on the Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) Practices in Nepal Himalaya     

DEVKOTA Shiva  SHRESTHA Uttam Babu  POUDEL Sanjeev  CHAUDHARY Ram Prasad 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2022,13(6):1030-1036

To achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), thereby meet the post 2020 global biodiversity targets and increase resilience to climate change, nature-based approaches such as ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) is suggested as a promising and integrated adaptation strategy. EbA comprises adaptation strategies that value the role of ecosystems in reducing social vulnerability to climate change. Among the different biological groups on earth, fungi play not only an important role to maintain the biogeochemical cycle/nutrient cycle in ecosystems (supporting and regulating services), but also contribute to the socio-economic and cultural benefits of societies (provisioning and cultural services). Here, we present our knowledge and scientific understanding on how these neglected groups of biodiversity-fungi are crucial for ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) approach based on our field experience, review and associated expertise on caterpillar fungus (Ophiocordyceps sinensis), and other wild mushrooms found in Nepal. Several species of fungi are used by local communities as food, medicines, and environmental income. Fungi are important sources of household income for mountain communities in Nepal providing a cushion during shocks and disasters and supporting food security, health care, education and building shelter. For the holistic EbA approach, it is essential to strengthen local institutions as well as indigenous local knowledge which could be an important policy intervention for the identification, conservation, and sustainable management of ecologically, socially and economically useful fungal species.  相似文献   

土地增值收益及其分配问题探讨     

俞静琰 《上海国土资源》2013,(3)

征地是对土地的重新配置和利用,涉及土地所有者和使用者的权益,而其中的土地增值及其收益分配又成为引发诸多社会问题的症结与关键。通过对土地增值的内涵与收益分配的探讨,分析了我国土地增值收益分配的现状,提出了调整土地增值收益分配格局的对策建议与实施途径。  相似文献   

我国居民消费支出结构与收入水平关系的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

邓小艳 《成都信息工程学院学报》2003,18(2):203-206

在对消费结构和收入水平进行现状分析的基础上，运用灰色关联原理对城乡居民各类消费支出与可支配收入水平的关系进行了量化分析，以期对随着可支配收入的增加，消费支出结构的变动情况有一个全面的了解，为有关部门进行产品结构调整和科学预测、国家制定相关政策提供依据与建议。  相似文献   

我国个人所得税制度完善的法律思考     

刘升 《广东海洋大学学报》2006,26(2):44-46

个人所得税是与每个人联系都很紧密的税种．它的完善与否，直接体现了我国法制建设的完善程度及居民素质的高低。但现行税制由于内外原因，存在各种缺陷。因此有必要在理论中找到对策，并在实践中寻求答案逐步完善个人所得税制度。  相似文献