户籍制度视角下的江苏省人口时空格局响应     

臧磊  杨山  周蕾 《热带地理》2013,33(4):450-458

以江苏省为例,选取人口密度为基础数据,以县域为研究单元,通过空间自相关、重心迁移以及注入脉冲响应分析,刻画江苏省人口时空格局与户籍制度之间的时空响应关系及趋势。结果表明：1990-2010年江苏省人口格局整体保持“南高北低”的态势,该现象与社会经济发展水平呈正相关关系;人口密度相似的地区在空间上呈集聚分布,并呈明显的沿江化特征;各县市对户籍制度改革的响应具有地域性,南北响应差异逐渐缩小;人口空间格局对户籍制度的响应具有滞后性,速度呈现出由加快到平稳的态势。在此基础上,根据研究结论提出3点建议：第一,在改革思路上实现“两保两新”,阶梯式、差别化赋予权利;其次,积极推进苏北地区的社会保障体系改革;最后,通过产业发展上的“以业控人”和城市发展上的合理规划、科学布局防止流动人口加重“城市病”。  相似文献   

城镇化、市民化与城乡收入差距关系的实证研究——基于山东省时间序列数据及面板数据的实证分析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

吴先华 《地理科学》2011,31(1):68-73

在区分城镇化与市民化的基础上,通过构建时间序列和面板数据模型,运用格兰杰因果检验、时序序列数据多元回归、面板数据多元回归等多种方法,对城镇化、市民化与城乡收入差距之间的内在关系进行了多重检验。结果显示,城镇化在长期水平上通过影响市民化来缩小城乡收入差距,而在短期水平上则与城乡收入差距呈正向关系,即目前的城镇化发展模式不仅没有缩小城乡收入,相反是在扩大城乡差距,这一结果打破了现有城镇化与城乡收入差距关系的固有认识。而市民化则与城乡收入差距呈长期稳定的负向关系,是缩小城乡收入差距,促进城乡统筹发展的重要途径。因此,应积极转变城镇化的发展模式,将市民化作为统筹城乡发展的根本途径。  相似文献   

农户收入的农区发展环境影响分析——基于河南省1251家农户的调查   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9  

李小建  高更和  乔家君 《地理研究》2008,27(5):1037-1047

通过对分层随机抽样选取的河南省不同类型的11个村的农户调查和定量分析,发现农户间收入差别很大,村际之间和同村农户之间均如此。全体样本农户收入的基尼系数达0.3936,有的村子已达0.4以上。模型分析表明,农区发展环境因素对农户收入具有重要影响。耕地面积、种植结构、经济基础、乡镇工商业发展水平、城郊区位、交通条件、兼业水平等因素在不同的地形类型和收入类型农户中,对收入提高产生一定的影响。低收入农户中,耕地面积较为重要,而在中等收入农户中,增加了种植结构因素,在高收入农户中,又增加了经济基础、工商水平、城郊区位和交通因素,由此验证了"区域发展阶段不同影响因素有所不同"的理论假设。  相似文献   

农户层面农村宅基地流转研究进展与述评   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

周婧  杨庆媛 《地理科学进展》2012,31(2):139-148

农户层面研究对解析人地关系特别是农户与地理环境的相互作用所凸显的优越性与实践性收到学界的广泛推崇,成为当前学者研究农村发展与土地利用问题的重要手段。采用文献回顾法、归纳法,本文对国内外农户层面农村宅基地流转研究进行了归纳与对比分析。研究表明,国内外学者对宅基地流转的讨论对象与研究热点差异明显,研究方法与视角等也略有差异。国外学者对宅基地流转研究的关注度尚不多,已有成果主要集中在20世纪80 年代以前,研究多基于农户层面的问卷调查展开,偏重对流转过程中农户流转行为,流转区位选择,流转与逆城市化带来的影响展开;国内学者对宅基地流转的关注日益提升,研究内容涉及流转中农户权益保障的政策讨论,农户心理与行为响应分析,农户需求与收益分配研究,流转政策实施评价等方面,研究以经济地理学、行为经济学、社会学等理论为指导,以探求农户需求与保障农户权益为出发点展开讨论,大量运用调查数据展开实证讨论。今后研究应加强对流转过程中各个主体需求的讨论,并注重对农户生存与经济、社会与精神等需求层面关注,加强地理空间信息与社会经济环境相结合的研究,加强对农户模型与计量经济学方法的系统运用与校验。  相似文献   

基于Multi-Agent System的多尺度土地利用变化模型的构建与模拟   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

陈海  杨维鸽  梁小英  王涛 《地理研究》2010,29(8):1519-1527

通过土地利用情景变化模型反映多尺度的土地利用现象,是学者们研究的焦点问题。本文基于MAS理论,构建从地块到村庄的多尺度土地利用变化模型,揭示微观层面不同尺度上土地利用变化的机制。应用该模型,以陕西省米脂县孟岔村为例进行研究,定量分析该村农户个体、农户群体和农户整体等不同尺度上的土地利用决策,并通过与2008年实际土地利用变化数据对比和分析,对构建的多尺度土地利用变化模型进行检验。通过分析,认为:(1)基于MAS的多尺度农户土地利用变化模型可较好地反映微观土地利用决策和空间的多尺度变化;(2)构建用 连续数值表示的农户土地利用决策与实际状况比较符合;(3) 本文为不同农户群体间的转化方法、农户间相互作用,以及市场与政策因素的作用等方面的研究打下坚实的基础。  相似文献   

Geography and Rural Household Income： A Village Level Study in Henan Province, China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Xiaojian Li  Xinsheng Fan 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2010,20(1):1-8

This study uses the data from a sample survey conducted in April 2007 on 1 251 rural households in 11 villages of Henan Province, the largest less developed agricultural province in China, to examine how geography affects rural household income (RHI). The quantitative analysis indicates following results. 1) The significance of the traditional geographical factors reduces as RHI rank increases. 2) The landform does not affect the RHI significantly. The per capita income of rural household in a plain area is lower than that in a mountainous area. And 3) the capital endowment and status of non-farm economic activities contribute to the increase of RHI. But the probability and intensity of non-farm economic activities of rural households in urban outskirts villages are higher than that in non-urban outskirts villages. Based on the results, the paper further concludes that geography still plays a significant role in rural development, but it is changing over time. The agricultural resources (such as per capita arable land) significantly affect RHI with the relatively lower income level, while the geographical location shows a more significant impact on RHI with the relatively high income level. Along with economic development, the proximity replaces the traditional geographical factors such as landform and physical resources as the major determining factor in RHI.  相似文献   

基于夜光遥感的南疆三地州农民收入年际变化特征     

解海群  王哲  黄佛君  张展赫 《冰川冻土》2016,38(3):819-828

利用1992-2013年的DMSP/OLS灯光数据和农民人均纯收入数据,对南疆三地州的基础地貌特征,以及19个重点贫困县市的农民收入与灯光强度的关系进行分析,以期从时间和空间的角度探讨农民收入的变化。结果表明：南疆三地州的地势由南向北逐渐降低,绿洲主要分布于中海拔地段,包含中海拔风积地貌、中海拔梁峁、中海拔山地、中海拔平原、中海拔台地,总面积分别为10.34×10⁴、0.222×10⁴、0.318×10⁴、11.004×10⁴、0.227×10⁴km²;与各县农民收入存在最大相关性的民族主要为汉族和维吾尔族,最大相关系数分别为0.971和0.942;灯光强度可以在长时段的条件下反映出南疆三地州重点贫困县市农民收入的变化情况,但是较短时限的变化与灯光强度的关系较为复杂,必须结合更多的因素参考,收入变化相对灯光强度变化的比率最大的县（市）为塔什库尔干县（R=86841）,最小为叶城县（R=1069.86）;灯光强度的分布极为稀疏,以疏附县、疏勒县为中心的总体扩张方向为东北,以叶城县为中心的总体扩张方向为北,以和田县为中心的总体扩张方向为西南和北。应用灯光数据寻找沙漠腹地的绿洲或人迹意义重大。  相似文献   

A Geography of Children's Vulnerability: Gender,Household Resources,and Water-Related Disease Hazard in Northern Pakistan     

《The Professional geographer》2013,65(2):120-133

Abstract

Water-related diseases continue to pose major threats to children's survival and well-being in many places in the developing world. This article develops a theoretical perspective on the ways in which children's vulnerability to water-related disease hazard is produced within the everyday circumstances of livelihood and child care. Central to this analysis is the role that household resources play in mediating or shaping particular microenvironments of health risk. Further, the effects of local geographies of gender on how household resources are accessed and on how child care is structured are examined. Children's vulnerability is evaluated in a community in the District of Gilgit in northern Pakistan, a region presently undergoing tremendous social and economic transformation. The case study highlights household-level response and adaptation to child health risks associated with diarrheal disease transmission and infection in this mountain environment. The case study draws from ethnographic fieldwork involving qualitative household microstudies and interviewing to elicit mothers' resource and risk-response strategies in the context of changes in livelihood systems and household dynamics.

  相似文献   

On The Potential of Local Political Projects: A Response To Lake,Martin, and Wilson     

《Urban geography》2013,34(4):293-295

Gentrification in the form of "neighborhood revitalization" is increasingly touted as one way of decreasing the social exclusion of residents of poor inner-city neighborhoods and of increasing levels of social mix and social interaction between different classes and ethnic groups. Yet the gentrification literature also suggests that the process may lead to increased social conflict, displacement of poorer residents to lower quality housing elsewhere, and, ultimately, social polarization. Much of this hinges on whether gentrifying neighborhoods can remain socially mixed, and whether neighborhood compositional changes result in more or less of a polarized class and ethnic structure. However, the impact of revitalization and gentrification on levels of social mix, income polarization, or ethnic diversity within neighborhoods remains unclear and under-explored. This study addresses this gap by examining the relationship between the timing of gentrification, changes in the income structure, and shifts in immigrant concentration and ethnic diversity, using census tract data for each decade from 1971 to 2001 in Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. This research demonstrates that gentrification is followed by declining, rather than improving, levels of social mix, ethnic diversity, and immigrant concentration within affected neighborhoods. At the same time, gentrification is implicated in the growth of neighborhood income polarization and inequality.  相似文献   

中国沿海地区农户对新农村建设响应的区域差异(英文)   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

刘彦随  陈秧分  龙花楼 《地理学报(英文版)》2011,21(5):869-881

To tackle the issues concerning agriculture,farmers,and rural areas,the central government of China initiated a new strategy called ’new countryside construction’ in 2005.For better understanding its actual effect,this paper analyzes the regional diversity of peasant household response to this new countryside construction strategy based on Kruskal-Wallis H test and sampling survey data from 586 households in the Bohai Rim Region (BRR),Yangtze River Delta Region (YDR),and Pan Pearl River Delta Region (PPR).The result indicates that regional diversity in eastern coastal China (ECC) does exist in the form of recognized priority sequence,policy requirements,expected policy effects,and behavior response.As a result of the deviation between local policy practice and households’ inherent demand,peasants fulfill their de facto demand via individual effort instead of government aid,and therefore the new countryside construction fails to carry out the expected target.It thus needs to shift the current policy priority,ensure the peasants’ mainstay role,and formulate scientific ’Rules for new countryside construction’.  相似文献