含裂隙水脆性材料单轴压缩CT分析   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

简浩  李术才  朱维申  齐良锋 《岩土力学》2002,23(5):587-591

采用CT机配套的自制专用注水加载装置,对含裂隙水压的单裂纹试件进行了单轴压缩破坏的CT（Computerized Tomography）实时试验,对试件被压密→新损伤区产生→裂纹扩展的全过程进行了模拟,得到了各阶段清晰的CT图象及CT数。通过分析,提出了类节理岩体脆性材料的损伤演化率和损伤门槛值概念,并对水压的影响进行了探讨,从细观和三维上初步掌握了类节理岩体脆性材料的损伤演化特性。  相似文献   

悬挂式帷幕防渗作用的有限元模拟   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

杨秀竹  陈福全  雷金山  王星华 《岩土力学》2005,26(1):105-107

建立了二维渗流方程的有限元表达式,比较了某工程实例防渗帷幕建造前、后渗流速度和出溢处水力坡降的变化情况。计算表明,除帷幕底部小范围内渗流速度有所上升外,其它地区的渗流速度及下游出溢处的水力梯度均显著降低。在运用悬挂式防渗帷幕时,要注意提高帷幕底部的抗冲刷能力。  相似文献   

应用沉降和水位数据计算上海地区弱透水层的参数   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

叶淑君  薛禹群 《岩土力学》2005,26(2):256-260

弱透水层参数的确定是准三维或三维地下水流数学模型应用时的难点,而应力-应变图解法是一种估计弱透水层参数的有效方法。在介绍该法的基本原理之后,结合上海沉降和水位观测资料,求出了上海地区弱透水层的弹性贮水率、非弹性贮水率和垂向渗透系数,为上海地面沉降的数值模拟提供了较好的初始参数值。对于弱透水层,抽水试验的方法是不可取的,如果又没有条件取土样作室内试验时,若有沉降资料和相应的水位资料,则应力-应变图解法是确定近似参数值的一种比较好的方法。  相似文献   

山岭隧道高水压下衬砌结构平面数值分析   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

高新强  仇文革  高扬 《岩土力学》2005,26(3):365-369

采用平面有限元数值模型分析高水压作用下衬砌结构受力特征和围岩稳定性,研究了水压力大小、注浆加固圈厚度、水压力折减系数对衬砌结构受力和围岩塑性区的影响。研究结果表明：衬砌内力与塑性区随着外水压力折减系数的增大明显增大,随着总水压力的增加而增大,随着加固圈厚度的增大而减小;外水压力折减系数是影响衬砌内力和围岩塑性区的重要因素。  相似文献   

边坡稳定分析中应变局部化的简化计算   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘金龙  汪卫明  陈胜宏 《岩土力学》2005,26(5):799-802

采用分岔理论作为局部化判断条件,提出通过弹粘塑性软化模型来捕捉水工结构中的应变局部化剪切带的有限元简化算法。方法的特点是在每个时步,可以得到作为分岔理论所必须的弹塑性矩阵,仅用其作局部化判断,而不影响程序本身的粘塑性迭代。与其他方法相比,该方法理论简洁,易于程序的实现。通过对边坡的稳定分析,结果表明：该方法是合理可行的。  相似文献   

非饱和含盐土壤水扩散系数试验研究     

邓友生  何平  周成林  李宜池  房建宏  黄世静 《冰川冻土》2006,28(6):818-822

在室内用水平土柱吸渗法对不同含盐量、不同溶液浓度和不同土类的土壤水扩散系数进行了试验研究.试验结果表明:土壤水(或盐水)扩散系数与土壤的体积含水量之间具有指数函数的关系,且随着含水量的降低而减小.当同一类土在干容重和含水量相同时,土壤水扩散系数是随土中含盐量的增多而增大,以粗粒土最为明显.不同浓度的盐水在土壤中运行时,其盐水的扩散系数是随盐水浓度的增大而减小.  相似文献   

水工监测软件开发中数据库和数据结构设计问题   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王浩  吴振君 《岩土力学》2006,27(5):823-827

针对水电工程监测软件系统开发,讨论了系统总体设计、数据库和数据结构设计以及系统界面架构方面的一些共性问题,提出用7种属性对象来描述水工建筑物和观测仪器之间,以及各水工建筑物之间复杂的从属关系,介绍了实现这些关系的数据库表和相关数据结构;讨论了采取单文档和多窗口视界面的优点、可变大小的整编数据结构、软件容错、设置多个初值日期和更换传感器所带来的数据结构设计等问题。这些讨论对于开发监测系统软件是很有益的。  相似文献   

The effects of discharge and slope on hyporheic flow in step‐pool morphologies          下载免费PDF全文

Marwan A. Hassan  Daniele Tonina  Roger D. Beckie  Matthew Kinnear 《水文研究》2015,29(3):419-433

This paper focuses on surface–subsurface water exchange in a steep coarse‐bedded stream with a step‐pool morphology. We use both flume experiments and numerical modelling to investigate the influence of stream discharge, channel slope and sediment hydraulic conductivity on hyporheic exchange. The model step‐pool reach, whose topography is scaled from a natural river, consists of three step‐pool units with 0.1‐m step heights, discharges ranging between base and over‐bankfull flows (scaled values of 0.3–4.5 l/s) and slopes of 4% and 8%. Results indicate that the deepest hyporheic flow occurs with the steeper slope and at moderate discharges and that downwelling fluxes at the base of steps are highest at the largest stream discharges. In contrast to findings in a pool‐riffle morphology, those in this study show that steep slopes cause deeper surface–subsurface exchanges than gentle slopes. Numerical simulation results show that the portion of the hyporheic zone influenced by surface water temperature increases with sediment hydraulic conductivity. These experiments and numerical simulations emphasize the importance of topography, sediment permeability and roughness elements along the channel surface in governing the locations and magnitude of downwelling fluxes and hyporheic exchange. Our results show that hyporheic zones in these steep streams are thicker than previously expected by extending the results from streams with pool‐riffle bed forms. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Factors affecting the measurement of the vertical hydraulic conductivity of a streambed sediment using standpipe tests          下载免费PDF全文

Yong Huang  Zhifang Zhou  Qiaona Guo  Yuzhou Tang  Wenlong Lu 《水文研究》2014,28(20):5204-5211

The vertical hydraulic conductivity (K_v) of a stream or lake sediment is often determined in the field using standpipe tests. Calculation of K_v is based on the assumption that the hydraulic head in the pipe is equal to that of the stream or lake stage. In this work, a modified equation for K_v is developed for the standpipe test which is applicable when this assumption is not valid. The equation involves not only the hydraulic head at different times but also the difference in the hydraulic head (a) between the groundwater level and river stage. The effects of certain factors on K_v, such as the ratio of the hydraulic head at different times (h₁/h₂), the difference a, and the initial water table height (h₀), are also discussed. The results show that when h₁/h₂ is constant, the relative error (E_r) in K_v increases with the ratio a/h₂. Furthermore, if a/h₂ < 0.05, then for any value of h₁/h₂, E_r is less than 5% using the modified equation. Also, if a/h₂ is large, hydraulic head readings with larger h₁/h₂ ratios must be used to avoid large E_r values. The results of a field test also indicate that the error in K_v decreases as the value of h₀ increases. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Simulation of groundwater flow in a crystalline rock aquifer system in Southern Ghana – An evaluation of the effects of increased groundwater abstraction on the aquifers using a transient groundwater flow model          下载免费PDF全文

Sandow Mark Yidana  Bob Alfa  Bruce Banoeng‐Yakubo  Millicent Obeng Addai 《水文研究》2014,28(3):1084-1094

Monitored groundwater level data, well logs, and aquifer data as well as the relevant surface hydrological data were used to conceptualise the hydrogeological system of the Densu Basin in Southern Ghana. The objective was to numerically derive the hydraulic conductivity field for better characterization of the aquifer system and for simulating the effects of increasing groundwater abstraction on the aquifer system in the basin. The hydraulic conductivity field has been generated in this study through model calibration. This study finds that hydraulic conductivity ranges between a low of 2 m/d in the middle sections of the basin and about 40 m/d in the south. Clear differences in the underlying geology have been indicated in the distribution of aquifer hydraulic conductivities. This is in consonance with the general assertion that the hydrogeological properties of the aquifers in the crystalline basement terrains are controlled by the degree of fracturing and/or weathering of the country rock. The transient model suggest aquifer specific storage values to range between 6.0 × 10^?5 m^?1 and 2.1 × 10^?4 m^?1 which are within acceptable range of values normally quoted for similar lithologies in the literature. There is an apparent subtle decrease in groundwater recharge from about 13% of the annual precipitation in 2005 to about 10.3% of the precipitation in 2008. The transient model was used to simulate responses of the system to annual increment of groundwater abstraction by 20% at the 2008 recharge rates for the period 2009 – 2024. The results suggest that the system will not be able to sustain this level of abstraction as it would lead to a basin wide drawdown in the hydraulic head by 4 m by the end of the prediction period. It further suggests a safe annual increment in groundwater abstraction by 5% under business as usual recharge conditions. Identification and protection of groundwater recharge areas in the basin are recommended in order to safeguard the integrity of the resource under the scenario of increased abstraction for commercial activities in the basin. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献