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81.
黄河流域水循环研究的进展和展望 总被引:7,自引:7,他引:7
总结了黄河流域水循环研究的进展,指出缺乏立足于水循环整体的机理过程的探讨及缺乏较成熟的流域水文模型是已有研究的不足。为能更好地模拟水文过程对各种作用力的响应,今后研究的方向将是建立既考虑垂向水分和能量传输(如降水,蒸发,感热),又考虑水平向的地表水分运动(汇流)和地下水基流过程的黄河流域的分布式水文模型。模型将结合遥感信息与地面资料,建立与区域大气环流模式(GCM)的接口,辅之以野外生态试验小区、径流试验场和室内试验的资料,以深入探索黄河流域水循环动力学机制 相似文献
82.
流域水文模型计算域离散方法 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:7
常用的概念性水文模型 ,能够很好地模拟水文时间变化过程 ,但没有考虑水文变量和水文参数的空间变化与空间不均匀性。随着空间数据的获取手段的增多以及空间离散技术的发展 ,考虑水文参数和水文变量空间变化的分布式水文模型得到了极大的发展。本文详细介绍了分布式流域水文模型中用到的几种不同计算域离散方法 ,并讨论了河道汇流模型中常用到的有结构网格和无结构离散网格。地理信息系统技术对计算域离散有辅助作用 ,其有利于无结构离散网格的自动生成和交互修改 ,并可结合遥感技术 ,使水文模型能获取精确的空间分布的水文参数和水文变量。 相似文献
83.
84.
Roland Otto 《Hydrogeology Journal》2001,9(5):498-511
In the southeastern Holstein region, located to the east of the metropolitan zone of Hamburg, northern Germany, a groundwater
investigation program was conducted from 1984 to 2000 by the State Agency for Nature and Environment (Landesamt für Natur
und Umwelt, LANU) of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, with the aim of providing long-term, ecologically acceptable groundwater
management plans for the region. The focal point of the investigation comprised the determination of groundwater recharge
rates. The investigation method was based on the transfer of available lysimeter results from other regions to comparable
regions within the area studied. With the help of lysimeter equations, potential amounts of percolation water were calculated.
The groundwater recharge rate was then determined after subtraction of the surface runoff which was calculated for the entire
area. All computations were performed with a spreadsheet program. Groundwater recharge rates were calculated for two areas.
One consisted of roughly determining groundwater recharge rates for the total region (1,392 km2) of southeastern Holstein. The overall goal of these investigations was to identify potential areas of water exploitation.
Areas in which groundwater recharge rates are high and groundwater outflow is low are particularly suited to water exploitation,
since inflow rates into deeper aquifers are high. These areas are located on the flanks of the Elbe and Stecknitz River valleys.
Subsurface groundwater runoff to these lowlands would be reduced through groundwater withdrawal. However, the resulting decline
in shallow groundwater tables would be so small that it would have no detrimental ecological effects. Groundwater recharge
rates were also calculated for a 110-km2 area in the outskirts of Hamburg (Grosshansdorf model area) which is intensively developed for water supply. These investigations
showed that the amount of groundwater recharge is already being withdrawn to a large extent. Approximately 65% of the recharge
rate is currently withdrawn by the waterworks in this area, thus making further increases in exploitation rates unjustifiable
from an ecological point of view.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
85.
I.horoductionPleNorthwestPacificOceanisti1elnostfrequentlyaffeCtedareaoftropicalcyclone(TC).AboLIt36percentTCoftheworldoccurinffosarea[2],andthenumberofTCWhichlandedonChinawiti1n1akimumwindforcescalesoverlOisabout35percentofti1atintheeastemcoastalcoLUitriesofAsia[l].BothrainstormsandfloodsMide,theidriuenceofTCareheaVyinChina,suchastherainfalldePthof2749mm/3datXinliao,Taiwanandpeakdischargeof44,6oOm'/satHuanggo(55,42okn'),YalujiangRjver.Therefore,TCisanimportantfaCtorforflooddisas… 相似文献
86.
Maurits W. Ertsen 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(Z2):1998-2000
ABSTRACTDealing with uncertainty is key in socio-hydrological analysis. As such, thinking through what uncertainties mean for whom and when is key. This discussion contribution introduces three issues related to defining uncertainties. The first issue deals with the problem of defining uncertainty as a given external reality. The second issue deals with who decides about relevant uncertainties. The third issue deals with the issue whether coupled human-hydrological systems can be seen as existing on their own. Finally, the text provides two examples of hydrological research that try to be explicit about our dealing with multiple (interpretations of) realities. 相似文献
87.
Nans Addor Hong X. Do Camila Alvarez-Garreton Gemma Coxon Keirnan Fowler Pablo A. Mendoza 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(5):712-725
ABSTRACTLarge-sample hydrology (LSH) relies on data from large sets (tens to thousands) of catchments to go beyond individual case studies and derive robust conclusions on hydrological processes and models. Numerous LSH datasets have recently been released, covering a wide range of regions and relying on increasingly diverse data sources to characterize catchment behaviour. These datasets offer novel opportunities, yet they are also limited by their lack of comparability, uncertainty estimates and characterization of human impacts. This article (i) underscores the key role of LSH datasets in hydrological studies, (ii) provides a review of currently available LSH datasets, (iii) highlights current limitations of LSH datasets and (iv) proposes guidelines and coordinated actions to overcome these limitations. These guidelines and actions aim to standardize and automatize the creation of LSH datasets worldwide, and to enhance the reproducibility and comparability of hydrological studies. 相似文献
88.
Heidi Kreibich Veit Blauhut Jeroen C. J. H. Aerts Laurens M. Bouwer Henny A. J. Van Lanen Alfonso Mejia 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(3):491-494
ABSTRACTWe thank the authors, Brunella Bonaccorso and Karsten Arnbjerg-Nielsen for their constructive contributions to the discussion about the attribution of changes in drought and flood impacts. We appreciate that they support our opinion, but in particular their additional new ideas on how to better understand changes in impacts. It is great that they challenge us to think a step further on how to foster the collection of long time series of data and how to use these to model and project changes. Here, we elaborate on the possibility to collect time series of data on hazard, exposure, vulnerability and impacts and how these could be used to improve e.g. socio-hydrological models for the development of future risk scenarios. 相似文献
89.
自适应神经模糊推理系统(ANFIS)在水文模型综合中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
由于目前已有很多比较成熟的流域水文模型,因此我们可以选用几个流域水文模型进行并行运算,来同时模拟流域降雨—径流关系。在相同的降雨输入情况下,不同模型得到的模拟流量必然会有所不同,模型效率系数和模拟精度也会不同。因此,如何将不同模型的模拟结果进行综合以进一步提高流量模拟精度是一个关键问题。本文选用自适应神经模糊推理系统(ANFIS)作为水文模型综合平台,以牧马河流域为试验区域,对两个并行运算水文模型(三水源新安江模型和总径流响应模型)的结果进行综合处理,得到了更稳健的流量模拟结果,大大提高了模型效率和模拟精度。该方法值得在实践中借鉴。 相似文献
90.