Non-state governance and climate policy: the fossil fuel divestment movement     

Julie Ayling  Neil Gunningham 《Climate Policy》2013,13(2):131-149

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Korea’s approach to overcoming difficulties in adopting the emission trading scheme     

Hyungna Oh  Jin-Oh Kim 《Climate Policy》2013,13(8):947-961

In this study, we aim to describe the background for design characteristics of emissions trading schemes (ETS) in developing and emerging economies, with a particular focus on the case of Korea. These countries may face unique hardships such as fierce opposition from industry sectors, the presence of a power imbalance between the Ministry of Environment (MOE) and ministries that are in charge of supporting output growth, and the absence or incomplete development of financial markets and auctioning mechanisms. To overcome these hardships, the Korean government legislated laws that defined timelines for every stage of ETS development, established a strategic governance architecture to make up the weak position of the MOE, offered strong market-stabilizing measures focused on maintaining the allowance price below a certain level, and provided support packages to make the low-carbon transition easy by compensating for losses caused by the Korea Emissions Trading Scheme (KETS). Such policy instruments that made adoption of KETS easier could be obstacles to making it efficient.

Policy relevance

In the process of adopting a cap-and-trade system, both a developing economy and an emerging economy may face unique hardships, such as strong opposition from industry sectors, the presence of a power imbalance between the Ministry of Environment (MOE) and ministries that are in charge of supporting output growth, and the absence or incomplete development of financial markets and auctioning mechanisms. To make up for the weak base of Korea’s ETS, the government legislated laws that defined timelines for every stage of the ETS development, established a strategic governance architecture to make up for the weak position of the MOE, offered strong market-stabilizing measures focused on maintaining the allowance price below a certain level, and provided support packages to make the low-carbon transition easy by compensating for losses caused by the Korea’s ETS. Korea’s experiences can be shared with other developing economies that are considering adoption of a cap-and-trade scheme.  相似文献   

制度演进与城市旧城区更新活动的实证研究——以武汉市汉正街为例     

胡娟  罗静  余斌  吴郁玲 《地域研究与开发》2012,31(4):69-74

改革开放以来我国城市旧城区进行了若干次大规模的旧城更新活动,以武汉市汉正街为实证对象,将其更新活动分为3个阶段展开研究,总结分析各阶段国家权力结构调整、土地有偿制度深化和住房制度改革等社会制度环境的变化特征,探讨了社会制度发展在解决旧城问题上所发挥的作用及存在问题。结果表明:制度环境的变迁使旧城更新成为制度容易缺失的领域;制度目标的更迭使旧城更新渐成为公共领域与私人领域的利益争夺舞台;旧城更新的发展过程本质上是公权力与私权利交织的结果。  相似文献   

The persistent water problems of Lima,Peru: Neoliberalism,institutional failures and social inequalities     

Antonio A.R. Ioris 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2012,33(3):335-350

The contingent relation between water governance and nature neoliberalization has defined most interventions in the water sector around the world in recent years. In the case of the Peruvian capital Lima, the provision of water and sanitation services in the last two decades has been the object of investments and institutional reforms strongly influenced by economic neoliberalism. This essay examines the evolution of these neoliberalizing tendencies, noting the internal disputes, necessary adjustments and underlying problems of water sufficiency in the metropolitan region. The empirical results suggest that, rather than a straightforward process, the neoliberalization of water in Lima has advanced according to political opportunities and technico‐operational constraints. The water reforms implemented in the 1990s – when the goal of privatization met political opposition – can be contrasted with the more recent phase in the 2000s, when more flexible mechanisms, such as public‐private partnerships, have facilitated public acceptance. Despite the renovation of the infrastructure, the modernization of the water sector has failed to address persistent water management problems, namely the discriminatory treatment of low income residents, the chaotic expansion of the metropolitan area and the risk of future water shortages.  相似文献   

中原经济区建设背景下的科技创新体系研究     

郭新和 《地域研究与开发》2012,31(2):156-160

中原经济区要建设成为全国"三化"协调发展示范区、全国重要的经济增长板块、全国综合交通枢纽和物流中心、华夏历史文明传承核心区,必须加快自主创新体系建设,提高自主创新能力,充分发挥科技创新的有力支撑作用。科技创新是一类开放的复杂巨系统,其专家系统、技术支撑系统、数据信息系统构成了科技创新体系的内核。通过加强人才培养、引进和使用,推进知识创新体系建设;狠抓科技投入和输出,推动技术创新体系建设;强化政府政策扶持引导,推进制度和管理创新体系建设,必然会推动区域发展由要素驱动向创新驱动转变,必然会推动和促进中原经济区的快速、全面、科学和可持续发展。  相似文献   

改革开放以来珠江三角洲基层非正规土地利用实践与制度创新——以东莞市长安镇为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄颖敏  薛德升  黄耿志 《地理科学》2017,37(12):1831-1840

21世纪初,在对非正规经济研究的二元主义、新马克思主义和新自由主义理论解释基础上,出现了批判管治主义理论,重点关注国家权力与制度对非正规性产生的影响。基于该视角,以东莞市长安镇为例,运用质性研究方法,分析了改革开放先行区的珠江三角洲,其基层非正规土地利用实践的产生、表现及其与制度创新之间的关系。研究发现：改革开放以来,在国家土地制度缺失、正规土地管理制度颁布和实施阶段,以及省级政府主导的土地制度创新阶段,非正规土地利用实践经历了被政府鼓励、包容和默许及正规化的过程。部分非正规土地利用实践成为制度创新的根源。土地制度的演变经历了由乡村基层“自下而上”式向地方政府“自上而下”式推动的转变,在演变过程中具有非正规性特征,并服务于各个时期的城市与经济发展需求。未来的研究中,应更多的关注“自下而上”的制度创新和地方实践。  相似文献   

战略耦合的研究脉络与问题   总被引：14，自引：9，他引：5  

刘逸 《地理研究》2018,37(7):1421-1434

在回顾经济地理学中较为前沿的战略耦合概念的起源、发展与研究现状的基础上,对战略耦合研究的优点与问题展开评述,认为当前研究在战略耦合模式的探讨中,主要基于经验总结而缺乏对影响变量,特别是空间变量的阐述,存在一定的模糊性。为理解该问题的根源,追溯了全球生产网络和全球价值链两个学派的争论和最新进展。在认可全球价值链理论解释力的同时,认为当前全球生产网络2.0版本的研究框架仍然没有解决模糊性的问题,而且全球生产网络的分析框架主要侧重于主导企业视角来构建战略耦合的发生机制,忽略了后发地区和企业的主动性。因此,借鉴传统经济地理学研究,充分考虑主导企业和后发地区的行为逻辑,提出经济活动的空间粘性和区域的区位优势这两个变量,重构了战略耦合的分析框架,并进行理论阐述。该项理论构建有助于更好地厘清战略耦合的发生机制,帮助发展中国家和地区判读发展机遇,确立产业发展与升级战略。  相似文献   

Carbon pricing in practice: a review of existing emissions trading systems     

Easwaran Narassimhan  Stefan Koester  Julio Rivera Alejo 《Climate Policy》2018,18(8):967-991

This article analyses the implementation of emissions trading systems (ETSs) in eight jurisdictions: the EU, Switzerland, the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) and California in the US, Québec in Canada, New Zealand, the Republic of Korea and pilot schemes in China. The article clarifies what is working, what isn’t and why, when it comes to the practice of implementing an ETS. The eight ETSs are evaluated against five main criteria: environmental effectiveness, economic efficiency, market management, revenue management and stakeholder engagement. Within each of these categories, ETS attributes ? including abatement cost, stringency of the cap, improved allocation practices over time and the trajectory of price stability ? are assessed for each system. Institutional learning, administrative prudence, appropriate carbon revenue management and stakeholder engagement are identified as key ingredients for successful ETS regimes. Recent implementation of ETSs in regions including California, Québec and South Korea indicates significant institutional learning from prior systems, especially the EU ETS, with these regions implementing more robust administrative and regulatory structures suitable for handling unique national and sub-national opportunities and constraints. The analysis also shows that there is potential for a ‘double dividend’ in emissions reductions even with a modest carbon price, provided the cap tightens over time and a portion of the auctioned revenues are reinvested in other emissions-reduction activities. Knowledge gaps exist in understanding the interaction of pricing instruments with other climate policy instruments and how governments manage these policies to achieve optimum emissions reductions with lower administrative costs.

Key policy insights

• Countries are learning from each other on ETS implementation.

• Administrative and regulatory structures of ETS jurisdictions appear to evolve and become more robust in every ETS analysed.

• A ‘double dividend’ for emissions reductions may also exist in cases where mitigation occurs as a result of the ETS policy and when auction revenues are reinvested in other emissions-reduction activities.

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制度演变与中国城乡发展差距——基于30年省际面板数据的分析     

李玉恒  曹智  贾大猛  张紫雯  刘彦随 《地域研究与开发》2016,(1):45-50

回顾了改革开放以来不同时期制度变迁及其对城乡发展差距的影响。采用30年省际动态面板数据,实证分析了制度演变与城乡发展差距的关系,发现了省域城乡发展差距由沿海向内陆逐级扩大的阶梯状分布规律。政府财政支农制度、乡镇非农产业发展制度均能有效促进农村地区发展,有助于缩小城乡发展差距。然而,户籍制度的存在制约了城乡一体化发展,随着经济发展的不断深入,户籍制度对农村发展的束缚作用开始显现并逐渐加强。未发现农产品价格体系改革对城乡发展差距的影响。在不同时期、不同区域(东部、中部、西部省份),制度演变对省域城乡发展差距的影响具有差异性。针对快速城镇化过程中出现的城进村退问题,建议继续强化对落后地区的支农惠农政策,加大对乡镇工业、服务业的扶持力度,深化户籍制度改革,加快构筑村镇建设格局,为促进城乡互动发展搭建平台。  相似文献   

Economics of a Baltic Sea sustainability approach     

Jrg Khn 《Limnologica》1999,29(3):346

Politics, economics and science interpret the concept of sustainability differently. The discussion distinguishes between economic, environmental and social sustainability. While advocates of economic sustainability assume that natural capital is substitutable by humanmade capital, policies for a sustainable development are questionable. The paper therefore highlights a regional case to show that sustainability is indivisible. Moreover, economics and policies serving Baltic sustainability need a new institutional network to manage the multispecies resource with participation of the social players and by addressing targets step by step. The findings are based on a simple ecological-economic model providing insights for the negotiation game for all players. In addition, multispecies resource management shows a strong hierarchy in both social actions and targets. Since sustainable development is an on-going, dynamic process, policy implementation and funding must also be continuous. Sustainable development therefore challenges the institutional sets for the process and its relations to local, regional and national policies.  相似文献