制度对城市都市区制造业空间演变的影响——以长沙市为例     

骆晨  郑伯红  刘琳琳 《地理科学进展》2021,40(7):1167-1180

改革开放以来,伴随中国制度变革的不断深化,长沙市制造业实现了快速发展,其制造业空间也在转型中得到重构。论文以长沙市都市区为例,基于长沙市工业用地矢量数据,采用空间分析、测度指标评估等研究方法,将制度变迁纳入城市制造业空间动态分析,深入探讨改革开放以来,制度变迁对制造业空间演变的影响作用。基于此,构建了制度体系作用下的制造业空间演变解析框架。研究发现,长沙都市区制造业空间郊区化迁移明显,并在开发区内形成集聚,整体呈现出“大分散、小集聚”的空间格局特征;长沙制造业空间演变很大程度上受到土地制度、开发区制度、环境保护制度和产业制度等的综合影响。其中,土地制度加速了制造业空间郊区化;开发区制度吸引了制造业园区集聚;环境保护制度约束了制造业发展规模;产业制度影响了制造业产业组织结构。  相似文献   

成都市博物馆发展的过程、特征及空间效应研究     

刘润  任晓蕾  杨永春  冯晓枫 《地理研究》2021,40(1):279-291

自改革开放以来,中国博物馆发展的制度环境呈现根本变化,探究博物馆发展状况及其与制度环境的关系对于指导博物馆发展、丰富博物馆研究的理论内涵具有重要意义。以成都市为例,采用参与式观察、半结构访谈和文本分析等质性方法,对成都市博物馆发展的过程、特征及空间效应进行系统研究,研究发现：① 成都市博物馆主要经历了国有化发展、非国有化发展和产业化发展三个阶段,在数量与类型、规模与等级、功能与产业、迁移与集聚等方面呈现出显著变化。② 制度变迁通过改变参与主体及其认知、行为进而作用于博物馆发展,当前参与博物馆发展的主体日渐增多,且其目的、行为与计划经济时期相比转变较大。③ 成都市国有博物馆发展的空间效应与民办博物馆发展的空间效应差异较大,前者主要是单个国有博物馆对其周边区域的产业类型、用地性质的影响,后者主要为多个民办博物馆通过集聚对整个集聚区的产业与功能结构的影响。  相似文献   

From regulated access to transferable harvesting rights: Policy insights from New Zealand     

Basil MH Sharp 《Marine Policy》1997,21(6):501-517

The dramatic decline in yields from many of the world's fisheries has prompted an assessment of traditional regulatory approaches to management. Transferable harvesting rights provide an alternative institutional structure in fisheries management. This paper has two aims. First, it links outcomes in the fishery with institutional structure. Second, the paper identifies several important institutional variables if a transition is to be made to from command-and-control management to tradeable rights. In particular, the transition phase must deal with the expectations that attach to the status quo structure of rights in the fishery. The paper's empirical content is drawn from New Zealand's experience with the introduction of transferable harvesting rights.  相似文献   

Accessing Flexibility: A Historical Institutional Analysis of Water Use for Oil and Gas Development in Colorado     

Karie Boone  Melinda Laituri  Reagan Waskom 《社会与自然资源》2018,31(6):717-733

US Mountain West Water access and allocation institutions have a history of adapting policy and practice to increase flexibility for diverse water uses. We examine how flexible access has developed over time and space by operationalizing the historical institutional (HI) theoretical and methodological framework. We trace historical water access for oil and gas (OG) development in Colorado, working from contemporary water right data to examine historical critical events, policies, and political contexts. OG water use has iteratively shaped water governance institutions in the top OG producing regions of Colorado, Weld, and Garfield Counties. The analysis suggests that to more accurately capture institutional change and continuity in resource allocation systems, an analysis of informal institutions is an essential theoretical contribution to the HI framework. While increased flexibility makes multiple uses easier, policies favor the most economically lucrative beneficial uses and generate issues of transparency, an important consideration for the public’s resource. Future practices of flexibility are contingent on market structures and institutional access mechanisms shaped during previous government policy processes, illuminating the value of the HI framework to inform future water policy.  相似文献   

基于历史制度分析的珠江三角洲非国有经济演化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

符文颖 《地理研究》2018,37(7):1334-1348

采用历史制度的分析视角,对珠江三角洲城市东莞和佛山在改革开放后非国有经济部门发展结构和演化过程进行分析,试图揭示两个城市在发展模式和路径上形成差异的内在逻辑。东莞和佛山在改革开放初期选择了不同的集体经济组织方式重组生产资源和发展地方经济,而在改革开放后期,佛山地方政府主导的城镇集体工业转制要远远慢于东莞的乡村集体工业,并采用了次优的内部企业转制策略推进改革。分析表明：珠三角的东莞和佛山在非国有经济部门发展路径上的分叉点在于经济主体对地方特定的历史禀赋和社会网络的利用方式,而初始的非国有经济结构对改革后期的发展进一步构成路径依赖,导致两个城市各异的转制速度和方式。  相似文献   

Lost in the field: ensuring student learning in the 'threatened' geography fieldtrip   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Clare Herrick 《Area》2010,42(1):108-116

As a result of its importance to the discipline's identity and epistemology, the nature of fieldwork and the fieldtrip itself have recently come under close scrutiny in the education and geographical literature. Moreover, not only is their pedagogical importance being debated, but also their future viability at a time of increasing pressure on institutions to minimise potential risk situations in the field, offer value for money to students as well as following the increasingly common and popular trend of long-haul fieldtrips. This paper therefore critically interrogates the role and use of fieldwork within geographical teaching and learning in the light of its changing and increasingly contested status within the discipline in three parts. First, it outlines and reflects upon the current debate surrounding the threat to the primacy of fieldtrips in geography at a time of ongoing upheaval in higher education. Second, through the empirical example of personal experiences teaching on second-year undergraduate urban geography fieldtrips to San Francisco in December 2007 and 2008, the paper engages with the current discussions of the pedagogical importance of fieldtrips. Third, the paper asks, to what extent teaching in 'the field' might foster the 'experiential' or 'active' learning needed to inspire the kind of 'deep learning' approaches that hold the kind of 'transformative' potential envisaged as a key goal of education more broadly. Through exploring these ideas with reference to recent and relevant experience, the paper aims to critically interrogate the role and value of fieldtrips at a time when their potential demise is being cast as a fundamental assault on geography's founding identity and pedagogical traditions. The paper concludes that despite the threats it faces, the pedagogical significance of fieldwork means that it must remain a fundamental tenet of the geographical educational experience.  相似文献   

制度变迁影响下的中国不同等级城市经济增长   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈健  杨永春  田欣欣 《地域研究与开发》2010,29(1)

制度变迁是中国经济飞速发展的主要因素之一,对其进行量化研究具有十分重要的意义。阐述了制度变迁对于中国不同等级城市的影响,采用私营和个体从业人员占非农业人口的比例、地方财政预算内支出占GDP比例和实际利用外资占GDP的比例3个因子,用灰色关联分析和加权最小平方法对制度变迁对城市经济增长的影响力和制度变迁的边际作用做了量化研究。结果表明:制度变迁不但具有空间的分异性,亦具有等级分异性。私劳比率这个代表市场化的因素对各个等级城市的影响方向和度量是接近的,分异性并不明显;而财政比率和外资比率这2个与行政因素关系密切的因子则明显地倾向于高等级城市。  相似文献   

西方经济地理学之演变及海峡两岸地理学者应有的认识   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13  

马润潮 《地理研究》2004,23(5):573-581

近半个世纪以来 ,西方主流经济地理学产生了巨大的变革。除了受到世界性生产制度及新科技发展之影响外 ,其学术思潮也从早期的叙述性及二战后的科学的预测性 ,经历了制度转向及文化转向 ,进入了 80年代以后的新经济地理学时期。西方主流经济地理学理论的开展 ,是以先进的资本主义社会为基础的 ,在发展中国家不是全然适用。我们不应将中国大陆及台湾仅仅视为测试西方理论的试验场。应以实况为基础 ,开发适合国情的理论 ,建立我们特有的学术身份 ,并用它来批判主流理论之不足 ,与主流对话 ,变成主流的一部分。这应是我们学术国际化的主要目标。  相似文献   

Urban spectacles as a pretext: the hidden political economy in the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou,China     

Ji-gang Bao  Xun Li 《Urban geography》2019,40(4):409-427

Since the mid-1990s, major cities in China have generated a boom in the production of urban spectacles. But existing literature cannot fully explain why these cities are willing and able to participate in these events. This paper documents this boom and argues that the enthusiasm for producing urban spectacles is driven by a strong developmental imperative and sustained by the soft budget constraints of the spectacle organizers – urban governments. These two factors are embedded in the transitional institutional environment of China in relation to power decentralization, central-local fiscal rearrangement and the top-down systems of official evaluation. Embedded in in such a political-economic environment, urban governments generally become ambitious and adventurous in launching pro-growth urban projects. Urban spectacles become one of the pretexts for achieving extraordinary development. This paper reveals this hidden political economy through the case of the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou.  相似文献   

Climate advice and extension practice     

《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2012,112(2):183-193

This article unpacks the problematic relationship between emerging climate change adaptation norms and changes underway in agricultural extension. It is increasingly recognised that in order to apply new knowledge about climate change in rural development practice a more institutional perspective is needed, but there is no clear consensus on what this implies. This article looks at agricultural extension as an example of a meso-level institution that is frequently assumed to be a major potential “implementing partner” in climate adaptation efforts, at the same time as it is also often portrayed as a worst-case example of the obstacles encountered in changing the focus of a path dependent bureaucracy. This article contrasts the perspectives of normative climate adaptation frameworks (exemplified by the 2011 World Resources Report) with what is known about prevailing extension trends and realities. It is suggested that long lists of recommended climate adaptation tasks and technologies may distract from an understanding of the institutional change processes underway within meso-level institutions, wherein the climate agenda would need to be merged with other agendas related to pluralistic, pragmatic, accountable, sustainable and market-oriented rural development.  相似文献