长江芦家河浅滩段石泓大开挖方案的研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

陈立  崔承章  谢葆玲 《水科学进展》2003,14(3):341-344

三峡水库蓄水运用后,长江芦家河浅滩段将出现局部坡陡流急的航道问题,石泓大开挖为解决此问题的方案之一.采用全沙动床模型实验方法,研究了石泓大开挖方案实施后对改善航道条件、对本河段及上游河段河势变化可能产生的影响等.研究表明:石泓大开挖方案将改善本河段的航行条件;也将使本河段枯水期的主、支汊易位;改变松滋河的分流特性;与此同时石泓大开挖方案将加剧上游水位的下降,并可能因此影响葛洲坝船闸的正常运行;挖槽中推移质泥沙的回淤有待于今后的进一步研究.  相似文献   

Analysis of aquifer heterogeneity within a well capture zone,comparison of model data with field experiments: A case study from the river Wiese,Switzerland     

Christian Regli  Martin Rauber  Peter Huggenberger 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2003,65(2):111-128

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Working rivers: the geomorphological legacy of English freshwater mills   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Stuart Downward  Kevin Skinner 《Area》2005,37(2):138-147

Freshwater mills historically were found throughout England serving a wide variety of uses. The decline in the need for water power over the last 100 years saw a reduction in the number of operational mills. Despite this decline, the associated river structures were rarely removed and many of these have exceeded their design life and have failed or are now starting to fail, with important geomorphological implications for the river. This paper investigates the geomorphological impacts of mills and their structures on English rivers, and considers their legacy for the contemporary management of these systems.  相似文献   

Tectonic control of the Tejo river fluvial incision during the late Cenozoic, in Ródão—central Portugal (Atlantic Iberian border)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

P. Proena Cunha  A. Antunes Martins  S. Daveau  P.F. Friend 《Geomorphology》2005,64(3-4):271-298

Staircases of strath terraces and strongly incised valleys are the most typical landscape features of Portuguese rivers. This paper examines the incision achieved during the late Cenozoic in an area crossed by the Tejo river between the border with Spain and the small town of Gavião. In the more upstream reach of this area, the Tejo crosses the Ródão tectonic depression, where four levels of terraces are distinguished. During the late Cenozoic fluvial incision stage, the Ródão depression underwent less uplift than the adjacent areas along the river. This is reflected by the greater thicknesses and spatial extent of the terraces; terrace genesis was promoted by impoundment of alluvium behind a quartzitic ridge and the local presence of a soft substratum. Outside this tectonic depression, the Tejo has a narrow valley incised in the Hercynian basement, with some straight reaches that probably correspond to NE–SW and NNW–SSE faults, the terraces being nearly absent. Geomorphological evidence of tectonic displacements affecting the Ródão dissected terrace remnants is described. Geochronological dating of the two younger and lower terrace levels of this depression suggests a time-averaged incision rate for the Tejo in the Ródão area, of ca. 1.0 m/ka over the last 60 thousand years. A clear discrepancy exists between this rate and the 0.1 m/ka estimated for the longer period since the end of the Pliocene. Although episodes of valley incision may be conditioned by climate and base-level changes, they may also have been controlled by local factors such as movement of small fault-bounded blocks, lithology and structure. Regional crustal uplift is considered to be the main control of the episodes of valley incision identified for this large, long-lived river. A model is proposed in which successive regional uplift events—tectonic phases—essentially determined the long periods of rapid river downcutting that were punctuated by short periods of lateral erosion and later by some aggradation, producing strath terraces.  相似文献   

High-resolution grain-size characterisation of gravel bars using imagery analysis and geo-statistics   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Joan M. Verdú  Ramon J. Batalla  Jos A. Martínez-Casasnovas 《Geomorphology》2005,72(1-4):73-93

The scarcity of grain-size data from gravel-bed rivers has traditionally hindered hydraulic, sediment transport and river habitat studies. A new remote sensing methodology to estimate grain-size distribution is presented. It combines textural digital images of the riverbed at 1 : 1000 and 1 : 40 scales with grain-size sampling. It was applied to a 12-km reach of the Isábena River (Central Pyrenees NE Spain). First, textural patterns for each grain-size range were obtained, selecting the most closely related texture variables, including the use of semivariograms. Second, multiple linear regression equations were derived from the textural variables to estimate each value of the grain-size distribution. The highest correlation values (r²) were obtained from the central part of the distribution (D₅₀ with a RMS error of 12.7%). Finally, new multiple linear regression equations to estimate the D₅₀ and D₈₄ were obtained from 1 : 1000 images and four textural variables. These were used to derive D₅₀ and D₈₄ maps of the riverbed, re-sampled at a resolution of 1.5 m pixels, with RMS estimation errors of 26% and 32%, respectively. Downstream change in grain-size is also well reproduced by the method. The mean D₅₀ of 72 and 32 mm were estimated in the upper and the lower reaches of the river, respectively. The methodology shows great potential for application, the relation between the spatial resolution of the images and the mean grain-size of the riverbed sediment being the main issue for future development.  相似文献   

2003年淮河流域洪涝暴雨的气象水文特征分析   总被引：16，自引：2，他引：16  

毕宝贵  矫梅燕  李泽椿 《南京气象学院学报》2004,27(5):577-586

用常规的气象水文资料和常规分析方法,对2003年、1991年和1954年3a气象水文特征分析发现:(1)2003年淮河流域的降水比常年明显偏多,比1991年多,但比1954年少,是自建国以来仅次于1954年的第2个多雨年份;1954年洪水最大,2003年次之,1991年最弱。但3a的共同特点是洪峰高、流量大、持续时间长、灾害损失严重;3a的不同之处是降水集中时段和强度各不相同,洪水的早晚也不同,1991年最早,2003年和1954年较迟。(2)环流形势的共同特点是:副高脊线相对常年位置均偏南,亚洲西风带阻塞高压活动十分频繁,120°E以东越赤道气流较常年偏弱、赤道西风明显偏弱,这样就造成赤道辐合带不活跃,低空急流都较常年偏强。环流不同之处:1991、1954年东阻活动最昌盛,而2003年以中阻塞形势为主;1991年副高与2003年相似,但强度和范围不及2003年,1954年是3a之中副高脊线最偏南、副高范围最小、强度最弱的1a;由于高、低空配置、副高位置的不同,低空急流的强度并非与越赤道气流强度呈正相关关系。  相似文献   

中国国际河流研究进展   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

何大明  赵文娟  冯彦  HE Daming  ZHAO Wenjuan  FENG Yan 《地理学报(英文版)》2004,14(Z1)

1IntroductionThe increasing momentum of economic globalization and regional geopolitical cooperation no longer stand as the major drivers of a new world order. Resource and environmental diplomacy are now regarded as new elements establishing future international patterns. Transboundary resources and environmental issues in international river basins have attracted increasing global concern and professional attention. The impact of such issues penetrates into national security, international e…  相似文献   

应用常规气象观测资料估算塔里木盆地水面蒸发量   总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2  

胡顺军  郭谨  王举林  宋郁东  陈小兵 《干旱区地理》2004,27(2):212-215

根据阿克苏水平衡站1999年至2002年非冻结期(4月至10月)20m^2蒸发池的蒸发量及常规气象观测资料，采用斜率关联度分析法分析了各气象要素对水而蒸发的影响程度，建立了计算水而蒸发量的经验公式，结果表明：(1)气象要素对20m^2蒸发池月平均蒸发量的影响程度从大到小的排列顺序为饱和水汽压差、气温、水面温度、空气饱和差、风速、实际水汽压、大气压、相对湿度；(2)20m^2蒸发池蒸发量与饱和水汽压差、空气湿度饱和差、气温、水面温度、风速、水汽压成正比关系；而与气压、相对湿度成反比关系；(3)所有回归方程都达到极显著水平，可供塔里木盆地缺测资料地区选用。  相似文献   

Geomorphic context of channel locational probabilities along the Lower Mississippi River, USA     

Thad A. Wasklewicz  Shawn Anderson  Pin-Shou Liu   《Geomorphology》2004,63(3-4):145-158

Channel change is an important aspect of geomorphological evolution and habitat dynamics in large alluvial rivers. Planimetric maps of channel locations were used to investigate spatio-temporal alluvial channel changes in a geomorphic context along the Lower Mississippi River (LMR). Analyses were conducted with the aid of a time-weighted locational probability map. The locational probability map was constructed in ArcGIS and covered a period of 205 years. An examination of the pixel data from the probability maps indicates a high occurrence of low probability pixels along the Lower Mississippi River, which is in accordance with the dynamism of alluvial rivers. The northern section of the Lower Mississippi River (Columbus, KY to Memphis, TN) has been much more stable than the southern river segments (Helena, AR to Natchez, MS). Areas of high channel probability (channel stability) were often associated with alluvial channel confinement from a combination of flood-plain deposits, geologic structures and large stable islands. Low channel probability locations were found along sections exhibiting the following geomorphic characteristics: changes in meander amplitude, meander neck and chute cutoffs, meander extensional processes and islands lost in channel migrational processes. The results provide a strong foundation for understanding channel change on the Lower Mississippi River and serves as a valuable instrument for future management and restoration schemes.  相似文献   

Geomorphologic evidence of phased uplift of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau since 14 million years ago   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

LU Huayu  WANG Xiaoyong  AN Zhisheng  MIAO Xiaodong  ZHU Rixiang  MA Haizhou  LI Zhen  TAN Hongbing & WANG Xianyan . State Key Laboratory of Loess  Quaternary Geology  Institute of Earth Environment  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Xi''''an China  . Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes  Chinese Academy of Sciences. Xining  China  . Institute of Geology  Geophysics  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing  China  . Department of Geography  Qinghai Normal University  Xining  Chi 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(9)

~~Geomorphologic evidence of phased uplift of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau since 14 million years ago~~  相似文献