Detecting and mapping annual newly-burned plots (NBP) of swiddening using historical Landsat data in Montane Mainland Southeast Asia (MMSEA) during 1988–2016     

Peng Li  Zhiming Feng  Chiwei Xiao  Khampheng Boudmyxay  Yu Liu 《地理学报(英文版)》2018,28(9):1307-1328

Swidden agriculture is by far the dominant land use system in the uplands of Southeast Asia (SEA), as well as other tropical regions, which plays an important role in the implementation of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) of United Nations. To our knowledge, the long-term inter-annual area of newly burned plots (NBP) of swidden agriculture in mainland Southeast Asia is still not available, let alone in the whole tropics. With the strengthening regional geo-economic cooperation in SEA, swidden agriculture has experienced and/or is still experiencing extensive and drastic transformations into other diverse market-oriented land use types since the 1990s. In this study, high-level surface reflectance products of Landsat 4/5/7/8 family sensors including Thematic Mapper (TM), Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and Operational Land Imager (OLI) acquired in March, April and May of each year between 1988 and 2016 were firstly utilized to detect and monitor the extent and area of NBP of swidden agriculture with multiple thresholds of four commonly-used vegetation indices, namely the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI), Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), in combination with local phenological features of swiddening and topographical data. The results showed that: (1) an annual average of 6.08×10⁴ km² of NBP of swidden agriculture, or 3.15% of the total land area of MSEA, were estimated in the past nearly three decades. (2) Annual NBP were primarily distributed in four major geomorphic units including the Central Range of Hills, Northern Mountainous Region, Western Myanmar Hills, and Annamite Chain. (3) A decadal average analysis indicated that the NBP of swidden agriculture opened year by year declined as a whole, especially after 2010, merely with an average of 5.23×10⁴ km². (4) The top ten provincial administrative units in Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam, which consistently accounted for over 90% of the newly opened swiddens of each country, showed distinct fluctuations in using slash-and-burn practices in the last decades. The Landsat-based (30 m) reconstructed 29-year longitudinal updated maps (including extent and area) of the NBP of swidden agriculture may contribute to REDD and local livelihood related studies in Continental Southeast Asia. Our study further demonstrated that the multiple vegetative indices thresholds approach holds great potential in detecting swidden agriculture in tropical mountainous regions.  相似文献   

Spatial pattern of ground water level changes in the irrigated agricultural region of Bist Doab,Punjab, India   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2018,39(1):75-89

Intensive irrigation causes major consumption of ground water resources especially in India. Due to a large population base, the extraction of ground water for mechanized agriculture has significantly increased during the last few decades in the Bist Doab region of Punjab, India. This study analyses the spatial pattern of changes in ground water levels in the Bist Doab region during the 1998–2011 period. Using spatial interpolation, the ground water levels were interpolated for the whole region for each year. Spatial data on the intensity of irrigation and tubewell density were also mapped to analyse their trends. The results reveal the emergence of a zone of deepening water table in the south west portion of the Bist Doab. The ground water levels have dropped more than 20 meters from the surface in this area. Using these results, we classified the Bist Doab region into three zones (Zone 1, 2, and 3) for prioritizing ground water management initiatives. While agricultural water consumption provides one possible explanation for falling ground water levels in the area, other non‐anthropogenic factors may also play a role in such trends. Further research at the same scale is recommended in other parts of the Punjab State.  相似文献   

Primary Sector Value Chains,Poverty Reduction,And Rural Development Challenges In The Philippines          下载免费PDF全文

Edo Andriesse 《Geographical review》2018,108(3):345-366

The insertion of Philippine agriculture and fisheries into global value chains has not contributed significantly to rural poverty reduction, in contrast to several other Southeast Asian countries. While there are pockets of downstream export successes, upstream actors face persistent precarious conditions. This comparative investigation of the relationships between value chains and rural development fills a gap in the literature on the Philippines. An analysis of four important products affecting at least 3 million households illustrates the need to focus more on upstream value‐chain governance and pro‐poor rural development interventions. This article shows that the integration of livelihoods and value‐chain analyses has the advantage of fleshing out upstream challenges that are relevant for agri/aquabusiness performance, socio‐spatial policies, and refinements of rural development theories. It is unlikely that horizontal coordination/social capital as well as associated upgrading efforts will be effective without a stronger emphasis on vertical coordination and human‐capital formation.  相似文献   

河西走廊中段临泽绿洲水资源供需平衡及承载力分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张靖琳  吉喜斌  陈学亮  徐世琴  焦丹丹 《干旱区地理》2018,41(1):38-47

水资源管理制度改革及种植业结构调整是提高西北干旱区绿洲水资源承载力的有效途径。结合2000-2015年临泽绿洲地表水与地下水资源利用、种植业分布格局、水利设施建设等资料,采用水资源承载力平衡指数（IWSD）和地下水开采潜力指数分析了临泽绿洲水资源供需平衡的年际变化,并利用适宜灌溉规模对绿洲水资源最大承载力进行了研究。分析得出：2000-2015年期间,在P=50%来水情况下仅蓼泉和板桥灌区能维持水资源供需平衡且地下水开采不超过最大允许开采量;受水资源管理改革、种植业结构调整等因素影响,绿洲单位面积耗水量下降0.35×10⁴ m³·hm^-2;优先保证绿洲内部生活、工业及生态用水,2020年规划下可承载灌溉面积为（3.51～3.91）×10⁴ hm²。适当缩减绿洲边缘灌溉面积,协调各灌区井渠灌溉是实现绿洲“水-生态-经济”可持续发展的有效途径。  相似文献   

基于定量评分模型的江西省气象为农服务满意度评价   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郭瑞鸽  刘文英  杨爱萍  王保生 《气象与减灾研究》2014,(3):52-56

随着气象为农服务"两个体系"和中央财政"三农"气象服务专项建设的不断深化,科学、便捷的气象为农服务满意度评价成为亟待解决的问题。基于面向涉农部门和农户两类用户的问卷调查资料,对2011—2013年江西省气象为农服务满意度进行了调查评价;评价内容包括服务方式、单项服务满意率、年度总体满意度、服务需求与建议等。采用差值赋值的方法,建立年度服务满意度定量评分模型,对满意度进行评定。结果显示,涉农部门的满意度为95.6—97.9分,农户的满意度为91.7—96.9分。文中评价方法具有易于操作、可比性强的特点,可为气象部门开展服务效益评估提供有益的参考。  相似文献   

From burden-sharing to opportunity-sharing: unlocking the climate negotiations     

Yongsheng Zhang 《Climate Policy》2014,14(1):63-81

In conventional thinking on climate negotiations, traditional fossil fuel-based economic growth is coupled with carbon emissions, thus mitigation has been regarded as a burden on economic growth. The scarcity within the global emission budget and the interpretation of climate change as ‘global public goods’ have led climate change negotiations into a burden-sharing deadlock. However, some recent economics studies suggest that mitigation could actually promote local economic growth opportunities; consequently increasing the incentives for unilateral mitigation actions. This article highlights the implications for the strategies of unlocking the climate negotiations deadlock. Following an explanation of how climate change negotiations have led to a burden-sharing game and have become a deadlock, some new ways of thinking (based on the emerging literature) are used to suggest how mitigation could promote local economic growth.Policy relevanceOne policy implication is the need to change the current mindset in global climate change negotiations. The current framing of burden-sharing can be abandoned in favour of opportunity-sharing. This more positive approach will stimulate progress on climate action. Therefore, green growth should be situated at the heart of post-2020 climate change regime. A new two-track architecture is proposed for achieving the transformation as a combined top-down and bottom-up approach. A lower legally binding target based on equity principles of common but differentiated responsibilities (CBDR) could form a more politically realistic and inclusive basis for participation. To complement this, a green growth club would promote a higher voluntary global ambition and accelerate mitigation.  相似文献   

Extension 3.0: Managing Agricultural Knowledge Systems in the Network Age     

Mark Lubell  Meredith Niles  Matthew Hoffman 《社会与自然资源》2014,27(10):1089-1103

This article develops the idea of “Extension 3.0” as an approach to agricultural extension that capitalizes on the network structure of local agricultural knowledge systems. Over the last century, agricultural knowledge systems have evolved into networks of widely distributed actors with a diversity of specializations and expertise. Agricultural extension programs need to manage these networks in ways that maximize the synergy between experiential, technical, and social learning. Using empirical research from California farmers, we highlight the structure of these networks within and across contexts, and the importance of boundary-spanning relationships. We provide some initial recommendations about actions needed to realize the goal of Extension 3.0, which is to deliver relevant agricultural knowledge to the right people, at the right time and place.  相似文献   

中国有机农业认证信息中心空间组织特征及影响度评析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李言鹏  王玉华  谷博轩 《世界地理研究》2014,(3):149-157

随着我国食品安全、环境压力、三农问题、绿色贸易壁垒等问题的加剧,有机农业作为一种可持续的新型农业发展模式,为以上问题的解决提供了新的范式。有机农业认证作为连接有机农业生产者与消费者的纽带,是有机农业生产链的核心构成之一。有机农业认证体系是我国有机农业生产网络中信息网络的重要组成部分,有机农业认证机构作为信息网络的核心构成,对认识我国有机农业信息网络的结构与组织有着积极的作用。本文基于对有机认证机构为代表的信息中心的空间分布、组织与影响腹地范围分析,认为我国目前有机农业信息中心空间分布呈较强的不均衡性特征,且发育程度具有一定的等级层次性。采用层次分析法进一步对中国有机农业认证信息中心的影响度进行评析,分析表明我国有机认证信息中心分为三大综合等级。此外,选取以北京、浙江和辽宁为代表的重点地域空间进行探讨,并针对不同等级的有机农业认证信息中心提出相应的发展策略和建议。  相似文献   

环渤海地区海洋低碳经济发展路径研究     

梁芷铭 《广东海洋大学学报》2014,(2):25-29

低碳经济是世界经济发展的总趋势。当前,环渤海地区海洋低碳经济面临着制度建设缺位、产业结构失衡、科技研发困难等三大突出问题。为此,该地区海洋低碳经济的发展必须从完善制度法规、统筹产业规划、提升技术实力等三个方面夯实发展基础,从而为我国发展低碳海洋经济提供不同的发展路径。  相似文献   

The Dynamic Pathways of Agrarian Transformation in the Northeastern Thai–Lao Borderlands     

Soimart Rungmanee 《The Australian geographer》2014,45(3):341-354

ABSTRACT

Rural livelihoods in the northeastern Thai borderlands have moved away from being predominantly agrarian, yet farming remains a desirable alternative for many people. The empirical findings from fieldwork in a village in the northeastern Thai–Lao borderlands indicate how dependence on agriculture is determined by family contexts, such as land ownership, education level of household members, their gender and age. Cheap Lao labour and government price-support policies have enabled farmers to remain in production and diversify. Some educated rural people have successfully found employment opportunities outside the village as migratory wage labour, and are able to attain higher social status back in the village. Successful migrants have invested their earnings on cash-crop production and become rural entrepreneurs. Conversely, less educated migrants were unsuccessful in finding good jobs in the city and viewed agriculture as a more favourable alternative and valuable security. Geographical, cultural and economic specificities conditioned rural transformation and contributed to increasingly diverse and geographically extended livelihoods.  相似文献